scholarly journals Protein–energy malnutrition in pregnant rats improves the adaptation of the endocrine pancreas in malnourished offspring and induces insulin resistance after rehabilitation

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dollet ◽  
Bernard Beck ◽  
Jean-Pierre Max ◽  
Gérard Debry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

1. In developing countries, malnutrition begins during pregnancy and lactation. Glucose intolerance is a problem of importance during protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). We therefore studied glucose homeostasis in rats weaned from undernourished mothers.2. On weaning, 156 mde Wistar rats, born from deprived mothers (75 g casein/kg diet), were fed ad lib on either a balanced diet (180 g casein/kg; group DR), or a protein-deficient diet (50 g casein/kg; group DD). At seven time intervals (weeks 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 16 and 23) twelve rats were weighed, fasted overnight and then decapitated. Blood glucose, plasma insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) levels and pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents were determined.3. In DR and DD rats blood glucose, which was normal at weaning, dropped in the 1st week and then increased slowly. DR rats were hyperglycaemic from week 16. IRI continually increased during the experiment from near-normal values to hyperinsulinic levels in DR rats; in group DD, it remained stable until week 8 before increasing. IRG, which was very low at weaning, increased to normal levels in the 1st week in group DR; in group DD, it fell slightly during the study. Pancreatic hormone contents were much higher than after normal pregnancy and lactation.4. We compared these results with those of a previous study with rats born from normal mothers: at weaning in the second experiment the rats were already well adapted to malnutrition. The plasma ratio IRI:IRG in DD rats showed two phases of adaptation: weeks 0–5 when glucose homeostasis did not change and weeks 5–23 when it became increasingly normal. At the end of the experiment DR rats still had a lower body-weight than normal rats but were insulin-resistant.

scholarly journals Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Release in Malnourished Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weinkove ◽  
E. A. Weinkove ◽  
B. L. Pimstone
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Protein Energy

1. Young Wistar rats were used as an experimental model to determine the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on glucose tolerance and insulin release. 2. Malnourished rats presented some of the features commonly found in human protein-energy malnutrition, such as failure to gain weight, hypoalbuminaemia, fatty infiltration of the liver and intolerance of oral and intravenous glucose loads. 3. The rate of disappearance of glucose from the gut lumen was greater in the malnourished rats but there was no significant difference in portal blood glucose concentration between normal and malnourished rats 5 and 10 min after an oral glucose load. 4. Insulin resistance was not thought to be the cause of the glucose intolerance in the malnourished animals since these rats had a low fasting plasma insulin concentration with a normal fasting blood glucose concentration and no impairment in their hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin administration. Furthermore, fasting malnourished rats were unable to correct the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia despite high concentrations of hepatic glycogen. 5. Malnourished rats had lower peak plasma insulin concentrations than normal control animals after provocation with oral and intravenous glucose, intravenous tolbutamide and intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin. This was not due to a reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas or potassium deficiency. Healthy weanling rats, like the older malnourished rats, had a diminished insulin response to intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. However, their insulin response to stimulation with intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin far exceeded that of the malnourished rats. Thus the impairment of insulin release demonstrated in the malnourished rats cannot be ascribed to a ‘functional immaturity’ of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Effect of the duration of malnutrition and of nutritional rehabilitation on blood glucose homeostasis and pancreatic hormones in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dollet ◽  
Bernard Beck ◽  
Jean-Pierre Max
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

1. To study the efficiency of rehabilitation after different periods of protein–energy malnutrition, we used as a model preweaning malnourished rats. After weaning, male Wistar rats were fed on a protein-deficient diet (50 g casein/kg) ad lib. for the whole study (DR group) or rehabilitated with normal diet (180 g casein/kg; RR group) from weaning, week 0, or weeks 1, 3, 5, 8 and 16 thereafter.2. Twelve animals from the DR group were killed at the beginning of each rehabilitation period. The twelve rehabilitated rats were killed after 2 weeks. Body-weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight, blood glucose, plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), and pancreatic contents of IRI and IRG were determined.3. Food intake of RR rats rose significantly except during the last period where body-weight increased less than that during the previous periods. Fat-pad weights increased in the same manner in DR and RR groups.4. Blood glucose fell and plasma IRG rose significantly without any change in plasma IRI after each rehabilitation period, except during the last period where blood glucose concentrations became stable. Pancreatic IRG and IRI showed the same type of response to those of the plasma.5. All short-term rehabilitation periods were similarly efficient at producing catch-up growth. High insulin sensitivity of target cells was responsible for good recovery except after long-term malnutrition.

scholarly journals The relation between protein energy malnutrition and gingival status in children

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 507-510
Author(s):  
Maisoun Ahmed Dib Dashash
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between protein-energy malnutrition and gingivitis in children in Damascus and its suburbs. For this purpose we used a random sample of 840 male and female children aged 6-12 years. Their gums were examined. The bleeding indexes were recorded for both primary and permanent teeth. Anthropometric measures were taken: Weight for age, Height for age and Weight for Height. We found that gingivitis increased among low weight children [44%]compared to normal children [31%]. It was more severe in low-height children in comparison to others. These findings necessitate the promotion of preventive care in order to insure gingival hygiene, particularly by following a balanced diet

Protein-energy malnutrition and oxidative injury in growing rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 810-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyawati Rana ◽  
Chhinder Pal Sodhi ◽  
Saroj Mehta ◽  
Kim Vaiphei ◽  
Ranjan Katyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Histopathological Studies

1 Weaning rats were fed ad libitum isocaloric diets containing 5% and 20% casein based proteins. 5% protein diet was protein deficient diet. Pair fed rats with the 5% protein group were maintained simulta neously on 20% protein diet but the amount restricted to the amount taken up by PEM group. 2 Glutathione, antioxidative enzymes, lipid peroxida tion and histopathological studies in liver and only glutathione and antioxidative enzymes in blood were carried out. 3 Rats fed the 5% protein diet developed a severe protein energy malnutrition (PEM) whereas those on pair-fed diet developed mild to moderate PEM. 4 Glutathione related thiols, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione-S- transferase with (1 Chloro 2,4-dinitro benzene (CDNB) substrate) were decreased in liver with concomitant increase of lipid peroxidation in severe PEM. In blood glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were decreased while superoxide dismutase was increased in severe PEM group. 5 Mild to moderate PEM (pair-fed group) also resulted in similar changes in liver except glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation in liver and superoxide dismutase in blood. 6 Hepatic injury was detectable only in the severe PEM group. 7 Oxidative-stress and hepatic injury occurred in severe PEM and to a lesser degree in mild to moderate PEM.

scholarly journals The relation between protein energy malnutrition and gingival status in children

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
M. A. Dashash
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Thepurpose of this study was to investigate the relation between protein-energy malnutrition and gingivitis in children in Damascus and its suburbs. For this purpose we used a random sample of 840 male and female children aged 6-t2 years. Their gums were examined. The bleedins indexes were recorded for both primaw and permanent teeth. Anthropometric measures were taken: Weight for age. Height for age and Weight for Height. We found that gingivitis increased among low weight children [44%]compared to normal children [31%]. It was more severe in low-height children in comparison to others. These findings necessitate the promotion of preventive care in order to insure gingival hygiene, particularly by following a balanced diet

scholarly journals The effect of cortisone acetate on the course of development of experimental protein-energy malnutrition in rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Lunn ◽  
R. G. Whitehead ◽  
B. A. Baker ◽  
S. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Protein Energy

1. The role of corticosteroids in determining which clinical features of protein-energy malnutrition develop on a deficient diet has been studied by the administration of cortisone acetate to experimentally malnourished rats fed ad lib. on a mixture containing 31 g protein/kg.2. Daily administration of 1.25 mg cortisone acetate did not affect dietary intake, which remained the same as in saline (9 g sodium chloride/l)-injected controls. Plasma albumin concentrations, however, increased from a low value of 25.7 g/1 to 47.2 g/l and this was accompanied by an increase both in liver weight and protein content. On the other hand, the protein content of muscle decreased.3. These changes in the protein contents of liver and muscle were associated with alterations in the corresponding free amino acid pools. The free amino acid content of muscle generally decreased, but in liver many amino acids were increased.

Physiological skeletal gains and losses in rat mothers during pregnancy and lactation are not observed following uteroplacental insufficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Romano ◽  
John D. Wark ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Phenotype ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Adult Bone

Fluctuations in maternal bone mass during pregnancy and lactation facilitate calcium transfer to offspring. Uteroplacental insufficiency causes fetal growth restriction and programs poor adult bone health. We aimed to characterise maternal skeletal phenotype during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by uteroplacental insufficiency. Uteroplacental restriction (Restricted) or sham surgery (Control) was performed on gestational Day 18 (term = 22 days) in pregnant Wistar-Kyoto rats. Maternal right femurs were collected on embryonic Day 20, postnatal Day 1 and Weeks 5, 7 and 9 postnatal. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to quantify global bone mineral content, density and body composition. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was utilised to determine trabecular and cortical content, density, circumferences and strength. Control rats exhibited expected reductions in trabecular and cortical content, density and bone strength from embryonic Day 20 to postnatal Day 1 (P < 0.05). These skeletal alterations were absent in Restricted rats. By postnatal Day 7, bone parameters in Control and Restricted rats were not different from non-pregnant rats, indicating restoration of maternal bone. The lack of bone loss in mothers suffering uteroplacental insufficiency suggests that calcium transfer to pups would be impaired. This reduction in calcium availability is a likely contributor to the programming of poor adult bone health in growth-restricted offspring.

Effect of folic acid deficiency on pregnant rats and their offspring

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Tagbo ◽  
D. C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Two groups of 63-day-old female Wistar rats were fed a folic acid deficient diet, based on 20% of vitamin-free casein and containing 1% of succinylsulfathiazole, for 5 weeks (group A) and 9 weeks (group B) before being bred, and the same diet was continued through pregnancy and lactation. Three out of eleven (21.3%) and three out of seven (42.9%) rats in groups A and B, respectively, resorbed completely, while no control rat resorbed. No pups from group B survived to weaning. Both groups (A and B) showed depressed feed consumption (although the effect in group A rats was small) and weight gains and increased formiminoglutamic acid excretion in the urine during gestation, and low serum folic acid by the end of lactation. A study of blood components in group A rats revealed leucopenia, granulocytopenia, and increased reticulocyte count. While no congenital deformities were observed in pups from deficient dams, group A and group B dams in contrast to controls produced smaller sized litters with lower birth weights and poor survival rate. Surviving pups from group A dams had decreased weaning weights with significantly lower brain weights and brain DNA per gram of tissue.

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