scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Reeves ◽  
Boyd L. O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

1. The incorporation of uniformly-labelled [14C]glucose into fatty acids and glycogen of adipose tissue and liver was used to assess the effects of zinc deficiency on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats.2. Throughout the study, identical feeding regimens were maintained between each of the Zn-deficient groups and their appropriate controls. The feeding regimens were either meal-feeding or ad lib. feeding.3. Zn deficiency reduced [14C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids of epididymal fat pads of meal-fed rats by 75% when compared with meal-fed controls.4. Zn deficiency caused a slight but significant decrease in [14C]glucose incorporation into liver fatty acids of meal-fed fats when compared with meal-fed controls.5. Zn deficiency significantly increased [14C]glucose incorporation into liver glycogen of meal-fed rats in Expt. 2 but not in Expt 1.6. Some effects of Zn deficiency on glucose metabolism were shown to be independent of the feeding regimen when a single daily meal was given to both Zn deficient and control groups. This method of feeding may be a useful approach to study the effects of Zn on glucose metabolism in the rat.

scholarly journals The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein synthesis in the rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Williams ◽  
J. K. Chesters
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control

1. The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein metabolism of the liver, kidneys, testes and spleen of the young rat were studied. The investigations were carried out in two phases: before food consumption and growth were affected, and afterwards.2. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was markedly affected by differences of less than a week in the age of the rats.3. Zn deficiency significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of liver, kidneys and spleen before growth and food consumption were affected. The degree of inhibition was of the order of 50% in the first 5 d. A similar but non-significant trend was observed for the testes.4. The incorporation of [3C]lysine into protein was not significantly affected in liver and testes during the initial period of Zn deficiency; the incorporation into kidneys and spleen was significantly inhibited but the magnitude of the effect was only of the order of 20% in 5d.5. One week after the start of the second phase, the concentration of DNA in liver, testes, and spleen of Zn-deficient animals was not significantly different from that in pair-fed controls. The DNA content of the kidneys was significantly reduced by the deficiency hut only to 97% of that in pair-fed animalsgiven the Zn-supplcmenteddiet. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was not significantly different between deficient and control groups in any of the four organs investigated.

scholarly journals Altered ex vivo cytokine production in zinc-deficient, pair-fed and marginally zinc-deficient growing rats is independent of serum corticosterone concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Hosea Blewett ◽  
Edward S. Rector ◽  
Carla G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Deficient Group

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of dietary Zn deficiency on the ex vivo cytokine production (IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-6 and IL-10) of isolated thymocytes and splenocytes after mitogenic stimulation with concavalin A and to explore the role of corticosterone in this regulation. Weanling rats were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 3 weeks: Zn-deficient ( < 1 mg Zn/kg diet, ad libitum), pair-fed (30 mg Zn/kg diet, limited to amount of feed as consumed by the Zn-deficient group), marginally Zn-deficient (10 mg Zn/kg diet, ad libitum) and control (30 mg Zn/kg diet, ad libitum). Thymocytes and splenocytes were isolated for cytokine stimulation and determination of T-cell phenotypes. Serum corticosterone concentrations were determined by ELISA. The Zn-deficient and pair-fed groups had 14-fold higher serum corticosterone concentrations compared with the marginally Zn-deficient and control groups (P < 0·0001). The proportions of thymocyte subsets were not altered in the Zn-deficient, pair-fed or marginally Zn-deficient groups; however, thymocyte IL-2 and IL-6 production in these groups was 33–54 % lower compared with the control group (P < 0·05). The Zn-deficient group had an 18–28 % lower proportion of new T-cells (TCRαβ+CD90+), but no difference in the proportion of new T-cells that were cytotoxic or helper. The Zn-deficient group had a 49–62 % lower production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2), but no difference in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) by stimulated splenocytes compared with the pair-fed, marginally Zn-deficient and control groups (P < 0·01). These results indicate that Zn status is associated with altered cytokine production, while in vivo corticosterone concentrations are not associated with ex vivo cytokine production.

scholarly journals The response of adipocyte glucose metabolism and fatty acid release to adenosine deaminase, insulin and perifusion. Investigation of intermediary metabolism by perifusion

1988 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-737
Author(s):  
R D Harper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Intermediary Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
Fatty Acid Release ◽  
Acid Release

Adipocytes incubated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) showed: (1) increased amounts of fatty acids in the medium; (2) increased glucose incorporation into acylglycerol glycerol; (3) decreased glucose incorporation into acylglycerol fatty acids; (4) a co-ordinate decrease in the sensitivity of lipolysis and glucose incorporation into acylglycerol to insulin; (5) similar effects on glucose incorporations in perifused and normal incubations. The decrease in fatty acid synthesis by perfusion was found to be dependent on the presence of insulin or fatty acids, and independent of the effects of ADA. The significance of the effects of perifusion, ADA and insulin are discussed in relation to effects of fatty acids.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and its isoenzymes

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Adeniyi ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Alkaline

1. Zinc deficiency in young rats reduced both the total alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and Zn concentration in serum, kidney, small intestine and femur.2. Addition of 0.01 mM-exogenous Zn had no greater activating effect with extracts of kidney, small intestine and femur from Zn-deficient than control rats, indicating that the main effect of the deficiency was on the amount of enzyme present rather than the efficiency of its operation. Exogenous Zn increased the activity of enzyme in serum of Zn-deficient rats, but it was still lower than in the serum of control animals.3. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel separated the alkaline phosphatase activity from all tissues into two bands. The bands had similar electrophoretic mobilities and appeared to be qualitatively identical in corresponding tissues from Zn-deficient and control rats.4. Zn deficiency eliminated the first band found in serum from control rats and it had selective effects on the activity of individual bands in other tissues. The major inhibitory effect was on the first bands of enzyme activity in kidney and femur, but in small intestine only the second band was affected. In liver the activity of the first band was increased and that of the second band decreased by similar amounts.

Hepatic Glycogen, Lipogenesis and Glucose-6-Phosphatase in X-Irradiated and Control Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Coniglio ◽  
John C. Kirschman ◽  
Granville W. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fasted Rats

Incorporation of C14-acetate into hepatic fatty acids increased in irradiated, fasted rats (750 r total-body x-irradiation) compared to fasted controls as early as 6 hours postirradiation. At this time hepatic glycogen in irradiated animals was lower than in controls and lower than in irradiated animals at 30 minutes postirradiation. Incorporation remained constant at 12 hours postirradiation but glycogen concentration in irradiated rats was increased over controls. At 18 hours the irradiated rat exhibited both increased hepatic glycogen and increased lipogenesis. The increase in liver glycogen in irradiated, fasted rats could be prevented effectively by administration of S,ß aminoethylisothiouronium bromide 10 minutes prior to irradiation. In those irradiated rats in which symptoms of toxicity of the drug were not severe, enhancement of hepatic lipogenesis either was not prevented or was only partly prevented. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that liver glycogen is not the sole factor contributing to increased hepatic lipogenesis in irradiated fasted rats. Assay for hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase at 0.5, 24 and 48 hours after 750 or 1000 r total-body x-irradiation revealed no significant change due to the irradiation. However, both concentration and total activity of the enzyme were increased by fasting.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

The Prospects and Risks Connected with Increasing the Level of Self-Organisation in Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alexandrovna Kosareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Study Guide ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
And Control

The paper describes the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students which has been developed by the author. It also contains the method testing results and presents the prospects and risks teachers could face while applying the method in a higher education institution. The purpose of this study is to find out the prospects and risks of applying the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students and to determine the ways of reducing the risks. Methodology. The author points out the learning approaches which were the basis of developing the method and describes diagnostic methods for determining students’ self-organisation levels. The work focused on increasing each student’s initial level consists of a theoretical and a practical part and includes project activities on creating a study guide. The results of the study. The method developed proved to be effective. It was established by diagnosing the final level of self-organisation in students in the experimental and control groups. The paper considers the advantages of the method among which there is universal character, flexibility, improvements to teacher’s and students’ professional competence, etc. At the same time it is necessary to be aware of the risks due to the increased amount of teacher’s work and the fact that students’ work within the project tends to be monotonous. In conclusion, the prospects of the method for increasing the level of self-organisation in students are related to its advantages and the final results of the work. The risks of its use can be reduced with the help of the measures proposed in the paper.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

Effects of nonesterified fatty acids on glucose metabolism after glucose ingestion

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1586-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Kruszynska ◽  
M. I. Mulford ◽  
J. G. Yu ◽  
D. A. Armstrong ◽  
J. M. Olefsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Ingestion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document