scholarly journals The 3-methylhistidine content of human tissues

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elia ◽  
A. Carter ◽  
R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Mean

1. The amount of 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) has been measured in eighty-eight samples of tissue taken Post-mortem from five adults.2. The highest concentration (μmol/g fat-free dry weight) of 3-MeH was in skeletal muscle (3.31 ± 0.05); intermediate values (2–3) were found in cardiac muscle and those tissues containing smooth muscle; and low values (less than I) occurred in parenchymal tissues such as liver and kidney.3. There was little variation between the mean 3-MeH content of striated muscles in different individuals, and no significant difference between the 3-MeH concentrations of striated muscles taken from six different sites.4. The results suggest that it is justifiable to use values obtained from single muscles to calculate the rate of myofibrillar breakdown from urinary 3-MeH excretion.

Protection of the fetus in experimental potassium depletion

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Stewart ◽  
Louis G. Welt
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Pregnant rats were provided with a potassium-deficient diet on the day of mating. One group was sacrificed at 12–13 days of gestation and another group at 21 days. A third group was depleted of potassium acutely by utilizing peritoneal dialysis with an isotonic NaHCO3 solution. In all groups maternal serum and muscle potassium were found to be significantly lower and maternal serum CO2 significantly higher in the experimental animals than in the controls. However no significant difference in total fetal potassium concentrations was found when experimental and control animals were compared. As late as 15–17 days of gestation the total fetal potassium concentrations were found to be nearly double those of maternal skeletal muscle, but on day 21 the total fetal and the maternal muscle values were roughly equivalent. The mean dry weight of the experimental 21-day fetuses was significantly lower than that of the control fetuses. The mechanism of fetal sparing in maternal potassium depletion cannot be determined from the present data.

scholarly journals Electron microscopy of synthetic myosin filaments. Evidence for cross-bridge. Flexibility and copolymer formation.

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Myosin ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Electron micrographs of negatively stained synthetic myosin filaments reveal that surface projections, believed to be the heads of the constituent myosin molecules, can exist in two configurations. Some filaments have the projections disposed close to the filament backbone. Other filaments have all of their projections widely spread, tethered to the backbone by slender threads. Filaments formed from the myosins of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and platelets each have distinctive features, particularly their lengths. Soluble mixtures of skeletal muscle myosin with either smooth muscle myosin or platelet myosin were dialyzed against 0.1 M KC1 at pH 7 to determine whether the simultaneous presence of two types of myosin would influence the properties of the filaments formed. In every case, a single population of filaments formed from the mixtures. The resulting filaments are thought to be copolymers of the two types of myosin, for several reasons: (a) their length-frequency distribution is unimodal and differs from that predicted for a simple mixture of two types of myosin filaments; (b) their mean length is intermediate between the mean lengths of the filaments formed separately from the two myosins in the mixture; (c) each of the filaments has structural features characteristic of both of the myosins in the mixture; and (d) their size and shape are determined by the proportion of the two myosins in the mixture.

Effects of Prodiamine on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Rooting

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740
Author(s):  
Sangwook Han ◽  
Thomas W. Fermanian ◽  
Thomas B. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
The Mean

With the increased development of new tall fescue cultivars used in turf, it is important to understand their individual response to herbicide treatment. The effect of prodiamine on tall fescue root dry weight and root length of selected tall fescue cultivars was studied in the greenhouse in 1.3-m-deep pots of calcined clay. Prodiamine at 0.8 kg ai/ha did not significantly affect either root dry weight or root length. However, the mean root dry weight and maximum root length averaged over all cultivars were significantly reduced at 4 wk after treatment with 1.7 kg/ha. When the prodiamine treatments were repeated in a second experiment, both rates caused a significant reduction in the mean root dry weight and maximum root length but there was no significant difference between prodiamine rates. Single degree of freedom contrasts between the untreated and treated turfs for each cultivar had some differential response in root dry weight. The reduction in root dry weight in the prodiamine treatments was more pronounced in the second study because the turf was less mature. ‘Olympic’ and ‘Rebel’ tall fescue had significantly reduced root dry weight at the 1.7 kg/ha rate in first study; whereas, ‘Amigo,’ Olympic, ‘Sundance,’ and ‘Taurus' tall fescue had significant reduction in root dry weight at both 0.8 and 1.7 kg/ha prodiamine rates. ‘Midnight’ Kentucky bluegrass had significantly reduced root length at both prodiamine rates in the second experiment but in general there was little difference among tall fescue cultivars treated with prodiamine.

PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOLUBLE ESTERASES OF HUMAN SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ecobichon ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Zone Characteristic

Water-soluble proteins and enzymes of human skeletal and smooth muscle were separated by vertical-zone electrophoresis in starch gel and compared with those of human liver and kidney. Thirteen bands of proteins were detected with amido black in skeletal muscle, five of which were also detected in smooth muscle. Various substrates and inhibitors were used in efforts to identify enzymes. Ten bands of esterase activity were detected in skeletal muscle, and nine in smooth muscle. One zone, characteristic of serum cholinesterase, was believed to be due to serum contained in the tissue. A zone of isozymic esterases found in skeletal and smooth muscle was similar to a zone in human liver and kidney and reacted like an acetylesterase. Other esterase bands, which showed a marked hydrolysis of α-naphthyl butyrate, were similar to aliesterases of renal tissue. Observations on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase were recorded for comparison with the data on esterases.

scholarly journals A model for determining baseline morphometrics of skeletal myofibres

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Mars ◽  
Michael A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meaningful Result ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The minimum diameter method of morphometry (MDM) is used to measure and detect changes in myofibre diameters (FD). The MDM is used to identify pathology in skeletal muscle. In such studies, an assumption is made that the mean FD in a particular muscle in both limbs is essentially the same. This study explored this premise to determine the accuracy of MDM as a means of morphometric analysis. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the left (G1) and right (G2) tibialis anterior of four vervet monkeys and from the massaged left (G3) and untreated right (G4) tibialis anterior of four animals. Wax sections were prepared for MDM and FD was measured. Three specimens were re-measured on four occasions. The mean FD of each biopsy from G1 and G2 limbs were compared and the number of measurements necessary to produce a meaningful result determined. Repeated measurement showed a difference of < 3.0% in FD means between the first and three subsequent measurements. There was no significant difference of FD means between G1 and G2, whilst the difference between G3 and G4 was 11.2%. When > 175 FD were measured, the difference from the final mean was less than 2.0%. These data show that, (1) FD data derived from a muscle in an untreated limb can be used as a control for experiment mediated changes of FD in the other, (2) MDM is a reliable means of measuring FD and (3) 150–175 FD are needed to provide a dependable result.

scholarly journals A distinct cardiopharyngeal mesoderm genetic hierarchy establishes antero-posterior patterning of esophagus striated muscle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Comai ◽  
Églantine Heude ◽  
Sebastien Mella ◽  
Sylvain Paisant ◽  
Francesca Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Posterior Migration ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Genetic Signatures ◽  
Genetic Hierarchy

SUMMARYIn most vertebrates, the upper digestive tract is composed of muscularised jaws linked to the esophagus that permit food uptake and swallowing. Masticatory and esophagus striated muscles (ESM) share a common cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) origin, however ESM are unusual among striated muscles as they are established in the absence of a primary skeletal muscle scaffold. Using mouse chimeras, we show that the transcription factors Tbx1 and Isl1 are required cell-autonomously for myogenic specification of ESM progenitors. Further, genetic loss-of-function and pharmacological studies point to Met/HGF signalling for antero-posterior migration of esophagus muscle progenitors, where HGF ligand is expressed in adjacent smooth muscle cells. These observations highlight the functional relevance of a smooth and striated muscle progenitor dialogue for ESM patterning. Our findings establish a Tbx1-Isl1-Met genetic hierarchy that uniquely regulate esophagus myogenesis and identify distinct genetic signatures that can be used as a framework to interpret pathologies arising within CPM derivatives.

scholarly journals Inosine metabolism in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Sharma ◽  
A R Fernando ◽  
J R Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Ribose Moiety

1. Uptake and subsequent metabolism of purine and ribose moieties was monitored after intravenous administration of doubly labelled inosine. 2. More than 95% was cleared from the plasma within 5 min, and 99% within 20 min. 3. Approx. 50% of the 160 mumol total was rapidly incorporated into liver and kidney. Kidney removed the greatest amount (21 mumol/g wet wt.), about 10-fold more than heart, lung or liver. Lung and heart accounted for only 3%. These tissues then lost radioactivity during the remainder of the experiment. Radioactivity in the skeletal muscle, in contrast, increased from 8% of the injected dose at 5 min to 40% at 60 min. 4. In liver, kidney, heart and lung there was a significant difference in the fate of inosine. After initial incorporation of inosine, kidney predominantly lost inosine; heart preferentially lost purines; lung preferentially lost ribose radioactivity; and in liver the ribose radioactivity was rapidly lost, whereas purine was retained. Some of the ribose moiety was metabolized to glucose, presumably in the liver, and then released into the blood. Ribose radioactivity (probably as glucose) and radioactive hypoxanthine accumulated in skeletal muscle throughout the experiment. 5. Inosine caused a rapid and prolonged increase in the blood glucose content, from 6 to 15 mM in 60 min. This was accompanied by a small increase in plasma insulin. 6. It is concluded that the purine and ribose radioactivity lost from the kidney, liver and other tissues becomes incorporated into skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. FORINOCULATION WITH MYCORRHIZAE AND FOLAIR APPLICATION WITH BIO-STIMULATORS AND EFFECT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH CHARACTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL-Samarai & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Characters ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The current study  was carried out at the Fields belongs of Horticulture  Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriyah for the spring season 2016 -2017 to study the effect for  inoculation mycorrhizae and  folair application  with bio stimulators and their interaction in the growth characters of  (local okra  ptera). A factorial experiment  (2  in randomized complete block design (RCBD), the experiment included (12) treatment  Distributed  in three  replicates. The three factors used in this experiment included . The inoculation with control (C) Mycorrhizae  ( M ) , Biozyme  (B ) ( B1 2cm3.L-1), ( B2 4cm1-.L-1) , Phosphalas (P) (P 2cm3.L-1),  ( M + B1), ( M + B2), (P + M ), ( P + B1), (P + B2), ( M + P + B1), ( M + P + B2). The data were analyzed according to the design followed and the mean was tested by the lowest significant difference at 0.05%. The results showed a significant increase in the studied traits .  The results showed that the three factors and their interactions had significant effects on most of the growth characters measured. The inoculation with the Mycorrhizae  , Biozyme  and  Phosphalas was superior in giving higher values of  plant height  (M1B2P1) 120.00 cm,  Main branches number  per plant 13.00,  number of  leaves 197.0  (Leaf .plant -1),  leaf area  394.0 (dcm2. Leaf ),  fresh weight  of vegetative 3200 (kg. plant-1)  Dry weight of vegetative 209.0 ( g . plant-1), number of  nodules on the stem 41.33  (nod. plant -1),  relative chlorophyll content  (SAPD) respectively. The M1B2P0 combination treatment recorded the highest values of  secondary branches number  per plant 10.33. The M1B1P0 treatment recorded the highest values of diameter of stem 4.03 (cm).   

scholarly journals FLUORESCENT IDENTIFICATION OF Y AND X CHROMATIN BODIES IN HUMAN TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER V. TISHLER ◽  
CARLOS JAVIER
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Barr Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Acetic Alcohol

Quinacrine mustard interphase fluorescence may be exploited to study Y and X chromosomal ploidy of many human tissues. Acetic alcohol-fixed cryostat tissue sections are superior, but formalin-fixed sections may also be used after the formalin is removed by vigorous washing in water. The percentage of cells of presumptively euploid female tissues which exhibit Y-like bodies is low, with means of less than l0% of all tissues except brain. In contrast, the mean percentages for euploid male tissues range between 50 and 63% (except for heart) and 30 and 40% when fixed in acetic alcohol and formalin, respectively. The differences between male and female tissues with either method of fixation were statistically significant. Nuclei with two fluorescent bodies were rare. The Barr body could also be recognized in all female tissues, and its presence could be quantitated in nuclei of skeletal and smooth muscle. This method permits the prospective and retrospective assessment of sex chromosomal ploidy, and the correlation of localized tissue karyotype with tissue function in individuals mosaic for aneuploidy of the Y.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE INVASIVE CUSCUTA CAMPESTRIS ON VEGETATIVE COVER AND PLANT BIODIVERSITY IN HOMA- BAY COUNTY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Orwah Akoth ◽  
Okeyo Owuor ◽  
D Nyamai
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This research paper focused on the impact of Cuscuta campestris on vegetative cover and plant biodiversity in Homa-Bay County. The specific objective was to investigate the impact on plant growth and development with indicator as photosynthetic capacity of preferred host plants and chlorophyll content and leaf weight as the parameters. Methodology: The study was conducted in hot-spot areas of invasion, Rachuonyo North, Homa Bay town and Suba North using Completely Randomized Experimental Block Design. The data was collected through field observation and laboratory analysis. The study used descriptive and correlation data analysis procedures to show the impact on photosynthetic capacity, ANOVA to determine statistical significant difference among the obtained results for each parameter of the infected and uninfected samples. Variance analysis were conducted using SPSS 20 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) and differences between means tested by ANOVA. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significantly different. Findings: The results showed that the invasion was more intense in Theveta peruvinia and Euphorbia tirucalli species. Mean leaf amounts of chlorophyll were observed to decline with chlorophyll a from 3.97 to 1.59 mg/g and chlorophyll b from 2.65 to 1.18 mg/g and total chlorophyll value from 6.62 to 2.76 mg/g on infection resulting to reduced photosynthetic efficiency and low organic material formation. Leaf wet and dry weight significantly decreased in both infected varieties. The mean wet weight of 17.61g in infected was significantly different, F (1, 4) = 235.74, p< .05, from the mean wet weight of 24.23g in the uninfected Yellow Oleander while the mean dry weight of 5.55g in infected was significantly different, F (1, 4) = 159.72, p< .05, from mean dry weight of 7.87g in uninfected Yellow Oleander. Similarly, significant difference, F (1, 4) = 714.64, p< .05, was observed in Calliandra calothyrsus variety. These demonstrated how C. campestris is detrimental causing ecological impacts with direct effects on plant biodiversity by reducing growth and development of infected host plant and even leading to death. Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The paper recommends intense sensitization of the community on the impacts of dodder from the findings for an enhanced understanding and need for management and control. The findings to be disseminated through workshops involving farmers, NGOs and community based organisations, academic conferences and publications to help create awareness on the impacts and mobilize the entire public on management and possible total eradication. Further research to investigate on nutrients of attraction in the preferred host plants with an aim of permanent solution for total eradication in order to restore the vegetative cover and plant biodiversity.

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