scholarly journals Protein nutrition of growing lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kempton ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Total N ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Ammonia Absorption ◽  
Microbial N

1. Lambs with cannulas in the duodenum and ileum were allowed free access to one of four diets: a basal diet of oat hulls and solka floc, or the basal diet supplemented with either urea, urea plus casein or urea plus formaldehyde-treated (HCHO)-casein. Mean nitrogen intake was 1.9 g N/d for the basal diet and 15.0, 32.4 and 36.9 g N/d respectively for the other diets.2. The rate of irreversible loss of ammonia from the rumen pool estimated using15NH+4was highest on the casein diet (33 g NH3-N/d) by comparison with 18 g NH3-N/d for the urea and HCHO-casein diets and 7 g NH3-N/d for the basal diet.3. The proportions of bacterial and protozoal N in the rumen derived from rumen ammonia did not differ significantly between the supplemented diets and were 0.66 and 0.52 respectively.4. Estimation of15N flowing to the duodenum during continuous infusions of15NH+4into the rumen indicated considerable ammonia absorption from the rumen on all the diets. Greatest absorption of ammonia (21 g N/d) apparently occurred in animals on the diet supplemented with urea and casein.5. The estimated microbial non-ammonia-N (NAN) flowing out of the rumen per unit organic matter fermented in the rumen (FOM) was similar on all diets, i.e. 21.3 (±1.09) g N/kg FOM. The requirement for dietary fermentable N for microbial N production on these diets was 1.2 (±0.07) g N/MJ ME.6. The flow of NAN into the duodenum and throught the ileum, and total N in the faeces was significantly influenced by the form of N supplementation. The flow of NAN into the duodenum for the HCHO-casein diet (27 g N/d) was more than twice that for the other diets (11 g N/d). The flow of NAN through the ileum and excretion of total N in the faeces was also greater with the HCHO-casein diet than with all other diets. The apparent digestibility of NAN in the small intestine ranged between 0.62–0.66 for all diets.7. Urea and casein supplements were apparently completely degraded in the rumen. In contrast, the HCHO-casein was almost completely resistant to degradation in the rumen and only 65% of the HCHO-casein was digested in the small intestine.8. Protein absorbed: energy absorbed (expressed as NAN digested in the small intestine/MJ ME) was calculated to be 5.5 (±0.70) for the basal, urea and urea-plus-casein diets, and 11.6 (±1.71) for the urea-plus-HCHO-casein diet.

scholarly journals The digestion by cattle of silage-containing diets fed at two dry matter intakes

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
H. A. Greife ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Total N ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. In a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment four cattle were given in two meals per d diets consisting of (g/kg dry matter (DM)) 500 barley, 400 grass silage and 100 soya-bean meal. The diets were given at either 1.15 (L) or 2.3 times (H) maintenance energy requirements and the soya-bean meal was either untreated (U) or formaldehydetreated (T).2. A 24 h collection of duodenal digesta and a 7 d collection of faeces were made using chromium sesquioxide for flow estimation and 35S as a marker of microbial nitrogen entering the small intestine. Samples of rumen fluid were also taken for estimation of lumen pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations.3. Spot samples of duodenal digesta were obtained after administration of Cr2O3,-mordanted silage-fibre and soya-bean meal, to determine the rates of outflow of these markers from the rumen. Similar samples were also obtained after cessation of a continuous intraruminal infusion of ruthenium phenanthroline, 35S and CoEDTA.4. Incubations of each feedingstuff in porous synthetic fibre (psf) bags were carried out in the rumen and the rates of N disappearance from the bags determined.5. Increasing DM intake significantly ( P < 0.001) increased the quantities of organic matter (OM), total N and amino acid-N entering the small intestine and amounts subsequently voided in the faeces. Apparent digestibilities of OM and N were unaffected by DM intake; the proportions of total digestible OM digested in the rumen were significantly lower (P < 0.01) at the higher level of DM intake.6. Formaldehyde treatment of the soya-bean meal increased the quantities of N entering the small intestine; these increases were not significant.7. Increased DM intake increased the quantities of both microbial N (P < 0.001) and undegraded feed N (P < 0.01) entering the small intestine; HCHO-treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the quantities of undegraded feed N entering the small intestine. The efficiency of microbial N synthesis within the lumen was not significantly affected by dietary treatments whereas apparent feed N degradability was reduced significantly ( P < 0.05) both by increasing DM intake and by HCHO-treatment of the soya-bean meal.8. Rates of disappearance of N from psf bags in the rumen were different for different feedingstuffs. However, for a given feedingstuff, the rate of N disappearance was not affected by the diets fed.9. The rates of decline in marker concentrations measured in duodenal digesta were significantly increased as DM intake increased with the exception of Cr2O2-soya-bean meal. The markers could be ranked (P < 0.05) in the following order of increasing outflow rate: ruthenium phenanthroline, 35S-labelled amino acids and Cr2O2-silage fibre < Cr2O3-soya-bean meal < CoEDTA.10. Estimates of the degradabilities of feedingstuffs were calculated from N disappearance rates from psf bags and either experimentally determined outflow rates or those proposed by the Agricultural Research Council (1984). Such estimates for the degradability of the whole diet were then compared with those determined in vivo using 35S as a marker.

The digestion by cattle of silage and barley diets containing increasing quantities of fishmeal

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Synthetic Fibre ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryA 4 × 4 latin-square design experiment was carried out to determine the effects of increasing nitrogen (N) intake by feeding diets containing increasing amounts of fishmeal upon the digestion of organic matter (OM) and N by cattle equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulae. A basal diet (B) containing 600 g silage and 400 g ground barley/kg diet and three diets (BF1, BF2 and BF3) in which increasing amounts of the silage and barley basal diet were proportionately replaced by fishmeal were fed. The mean daily intakes of OM and N when each diet was fed were 4·29, 4·28, 4·22 and 4·20 kg OM and 90, 108, 125 and 143 g N for diets B, BF1, BF2 and BF3 respectively.Neither the amounts of OM entering the small intestine nor those voided in the faeces were altered by the diets fed. Thus mean apparent OM digestibility for all the diets fed was 0·74 ± 0·007 and the proportion of digestible OM intake apparently digested in the rumen was 0·83±0·011.Mean daily concentrations of ammonia N in the rumen were significantly(P <0·01) increased from 85 mg N/l (diet B) to 129 mg N/1 (diet BF3) as fishmeal intake increased.The quantities of non-ammonia N (P<0·05) and of amino acid N (P<0·001) entering the small intestine were significantly increased as more fishmeal was added to the diets fed. As fishmeal intake increased apparent N digestibility was significantly (P<0·001) increased.Neither the quantities of microbial N entering the small intestine daily nor the apparent efficiency of microbial N synthesis within the rumen were increased by the diets fed. The quantities of feed N entering the small intestine daily were significantly (P<0·01) increased as fishmeal intake increased; thus apparent feed N degradability in the rumen was significantly (P<0·05) decreased from 0·84 (diet B) to 0·73 (diet BF3) as fishmeal intake increased. Similarly, the rates of disappearance of N from each of the four barley or barley and fishmeal concentrates when incubated in the rumens of the cattle in porous synthetic fibre bags were decreased as the proportion of fishmeal in the concentrates increased. Thus, the rumen N degradability of the diets fed, when calculated from the rates of disappearance of N from porous synthetic fibre bags placed in the rumen, decreased as fishmeal intake increased.As fishmeal intake increased the amino acid composition of duodenal digesta (expressed as g/kg determined amino acids) changed such that the content of arginine increased (P<0·01) and the content of isoleucine decreased (P<0·01). The concentrations of arginine (P<0·01), leucine and lysine (P<0·05) in blood plasma increased as fishmeal intake increased.

The digestion by cattle of barley and silage diets containing increasing quantities of soya-bean meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
P. Alvareza ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryA 4 x 4 latin-square design experiment was carried out to determine the effects of increasing nitrogen (N) intake by feeding diets containing increasing amounts of soyabean meal upon the digestion of organic matter (OM) and N by cattle equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulae. A basal diet (B) containing 600 g ground barley and 400 g grass silage/kg diet and three diets (BS1, BS2 and BS3) in which increasing amounts of the barley were replaced by soya-bean meal were fed. The mean daily intakes of OM and N when each diet was fed were 4·56, 4·55, 4·30 and 4·52 kg OM and 920, 114·7, 138·3 and 164·1 g N for diets B, BSl, BS2 and BS3 respectively.Neither the amounts of OM entering the small intestine nor those voided in the faeces were altered by the diets fed. Thus the mean apparent OM digestibility for all the diets fed was 0·74 + 0·013 and the proportion of digestible OM intake apparently digested in the rumen was 0·77 + 0048.Mean daily concentrations of ammonia N in the rumen were significantly (P < 0·001) increased from 38 mg N/l (diet B) to 129 mg N/l (diet BS3) as N intake increased.The quantities of non-ammonia N and of amino acid N entering the small intestine were not significantly (P >0·05) increased as more soya-bean meal was added to the diet, although diet BSl supported the greatest flows of N to the small intestine. Thus as more soya-bean meal was added to the diet there were increasing net losses of nonammoniaN(P < 0·01) and amino acid N (P < 0·01) prior to the small intestine. Faecal N excretion was not increased (P > 0·05) as soya-bean meal intake increased and thus apparent N digestibility was significantly (P < 0·01) increased by increasing soyabean intake.Both the quantities of microbial N entering the small intestine daily and the apparent efficiency of microbial N synthesis within the rumen were increased when diet BSl was fed in comparison with the basal diet (B) and then declined when diets BS2 and BS3 were fed; these increases were not significant. The quantities of feed N entering the small intestine daily were not significantly (P > 0·05) increased as soya-bean meal intake increased; thus apparent feed N degradability in the rumen was significantly (P < 0·01) increased as soya-bean meal intake increased. In contrast, the rates of disappearance of N from each of the components of the diets fed, when incubated in the rumens of the cattle in porous synthetic fibre-bags, were not increased (P > 0·05) as soya-bean meal intake increased.

scholarly journals Protein nutrition of growing lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kempton ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Lamb Growth

1. The effects of supplementation of a cellulose-based diet with either urea, casein or formaldehydetreated (HCHO)-casein were studied in growing lambs. Responses were measured in terms of growth rate, food intake and food conversion ratio.2. In Expt 1 lambs were given free access to a basal diet containing (g/kg) oat-hulls (700) and solka floc (300) (containing 5 g nitrogen/kg dry matter (DM)) supplemented (g/kg basal diet) with either urea (25), untreated casein (75), HCHO-casein (75) or combinations of these. Food intake was increased on average by 27% above that on the basal diet by the addition of either urea, casein, HCHO-casein plus urea. Urea plus HCHO-casein when given as a combined supplement further increased food intake on average by 60% above that on the basal diet. Supplements of either urea, casein, HCHO-casein or casein or casein plus urea changed a mean live-weight loss of 40 g/d on the basal diet to a mean live-weight gain of 56 g/d. Urea plus HCHO-casein further increased lamb growth to 112 g/d.3. In Expt 2 lambs were given free access to the basal diet (plus 25 g urea/kg diet) used in Expt I. In this experiment the content of insoluble and soluble casein in the diets was varied by the addition of HCHO-casein and untreated casein of 0, 150; 50, 100; 100, 50 and 150, o g/kg basal diet respectively. Maximum lamb growth (141 g/d) was obtained with a supplement of 25 g urea plus 100 g HCHO-casein and 50 g casein/kg.4. The growth responses to these supplements suggest a requirement for soluble N by the rumen microorganisms to maximize rumen fermentation, and for maximum growth rate on this diet a further requirement for amino acids produced by protein which has escaped degradation in the rumen.5. Fermentation and the absorption of nutrients were examined in Expt 3 in lambs fitted with simple ‘T’-shaped cannula in the duodenum and ileum, and fed ad lib. one of the diets: a basal diet of oat hulls and solka floc, or the basal diet supplemented (g/kg) with either urea (25), urea plus casein (150), or urea (25) plus HCHO-casein (150). The rates of production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane and microbial cells were measured using isotope-dilution techniques. The apparent absorption of nutrients was determined by differences in the quantity of those nutrients in digesta at the duodenum and ileum.6. Supplements of urea, urea plus casein and urea plus HCHO-casein increased organic matter (OM) intake in lambs by 65% above that on the basal diet. OM digestibility was unchanged by the from of nitrogen supplementation. The rates of production of all fermentation end-products varied directly with voluntary food intake.7. Rumen methane production remained constant at 0.09 mol methane/MJ metabolizable energy (ME) intake on all diets, which represented an 11% loss of digestible energy (DE). Hindgut methane production was highest on the urea-supplemented diet.8. The rate of VFA production (mol/MJ ME intake) in the rumen was highest on the diet supplemented with urea in comparison with the basal, urea plus casein and urea plus HCHO-casein diets (which were not significantly different). The molar proportions of the individual VFA in rumen fluid were not significantly different between diets except for the branched chain and higher fatty acids which were highest in proportion with the urea plus casein diet.9. The loss of energy in the faeces, urine or as methane in expired air was not influenced by the form of N supplementation. DE and ME were greater on the supplemented diets, as a result of the increased OM intake of these diets.10. There was no effect of the form of N supplementation on OM digested in the rumen, small intestine or large intestine. Of an increase in OM intake, apparently 55% was digested in the rumen (of which 19% was incorporated into rumen micro-organisms) and 26% disappeared in the small intestines. The apparent digestibility of OM for all diets was 0.67.

Effect of ingestion of hydrolysable tannins in Terminalia oblongata on digestion in sheep fed Stylosanthes hamata

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS McSweeney ◽  
PM Kennedy ◽  
A John
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Microbial N

Effect of hydrolysable tannins in the browse tree Terminalia oblongalu (yellow-wood) on digestion of organic matter, fibre and nitrogen in the stomach and intestines, was studied in sheep fed a basal diet of the tropical legume Stylosanthes hamata (verano). These tannins are toxic to the liver and kidneys, but their effect on digestion is not known. Although two of the four sheep used showed signs of yellow-wood toxicity with an intake of 0.9 g tannin/kg body weight, there were no significant effects on OM, N and CWC digestion of verano in the alimentary tract as a whole. However, yellow-wood appeared to depress OM and CWC digestion in the stomach, but this was compensated for by greater intestinal digestion. The OM digestibility of verano in the whole tract was 0.59 of intake, with two-thirds due to digestion in the stomach. About 0.87 of the total N loss (0.68 of intake) in the gut occurred in the intestines, and microbial N production was 33 g/kg of verano OM digested in the stomach. Therefore intake of non-toxic levels of yellow-wood should not compromise digestion.

scholarly journals Utilization of low quality roughages: effects of urea and protein supplements of differing solubility on digesta flows, intake and growth rate of cattle eating oaten chaff

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Redman ◽  
R. C. Kellaway ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Bacterial Protein Synthesis

1. Expt 1. Five 150 kg steers with ruminal, abomasal and ileal cannulas were given 3000 g oaten chaff daily plus prelleted supplement with no added nitrogen (diet A) or 50 g N/d as urea (diet B), casein (diet C), casein and formaldehyde-treated casein (HCHO-casein) (50:50 w/w; diet D) and HCHO-casein (diet E), in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The basal diet and supplement were fed in eight equal increments at intervals of 3 h. Proportions of dry matter and organic matter digested in the stomach and whole tract were greater for diets B, C, D and E than for diet A. Total volatile fatty acid levels in the rumen and the proportion of acetic acid were lower, and the proportion of propionic acid higher on diet A than on the other diets. Rumen ammonia levels were lower on diets A, D and E than on diets B and C. N flows at the abomasum, ileum and rectum were lower on diet A than on the other diets; abomasal flows and apparent intestinal absorptions of amino acids were higher on diets D and E than on diets A, B and C. Efficiencies of bacterial protein synthesis were 15, 15, 14, 13 and 12 g bacterial N/kg OM truly digested in the stomach on diets A, B, C, D and E respectively.2. Expt. 2. Forty 300 kg steers were fed oaten chaffad lib.plus twice the amount of the same pelleted supplements as in Expt 1. Intake of oaten chaff was 23% higher with N supplements (diets B, C, D and E) than without (diet A). Live-weight gains were 356, 798, 843, 842 and 805 g/d on diets A, B, C, D and E respectively.3. It was concluded that efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis was not limited by the supply of peptides and amino acids in the rumen and that increases in amino acid availability in the intestines from feeding HCHO-casein did not increase food intake or live-weight gain.

Digestion by sheep of silages prepared from mixtures of tropical grasses and legumes

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tjandraatmadja ◽  
I. C. MacRae ◽  
B. W. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total N ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
The University ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Microbial N

SUMMARYFour silage diets were prepared from tropical grass and legume mixtures and fed to intestinally fistulated sheep to determine the sites and extent of digestion of the different silage components in the digestive tract. Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) was ensiled either alone or with the addition, 33% (w/w), of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Caloona). All forages were grown at the University of Queensland farm in 1985. All silages were well preserved as indicated by low pH (< 4·1), ammonia N (< 9% total N), acetic acid (< 13 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and ethanol (< 19 g/kg DM) contents, and high DM (> 290 g/kg) and lactic acid (> 41 g/kg DM) contents. The inclusion of leucaena and gliricidia significantly increased the total N content of the silages. The addition of legumes at ensiling significantly increased rumen ammonia N (pangola 59 mg N/l, legume diets 110–115 mg N/l) and the proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid. Sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had significantly higher DM intakes (66·3 g/kg W0·75 per day) than sheep given pangola and pangola + cowpea silages (52·4 and 53·2 g/kg W0·75 per day respectively). The inclusion of gliricidia significantly depressed silage intake (43·1 g/kg W0·75 per day). There were no significant effects of diet on DM (551–609 g/kg) and organic matter (550–612 g/rkg) digestibility. Sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had higher N intakes, N balances, rates and efficiencies of microbial N synthesis and total non-ammonia N (NAN) flows to the small intestine than did sheep given the other silages. Apparent degradabilities of silage N in the rumen were similar for all diets (0·491–0·559 g N/kg N intake), but sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had lower true (corrected for endogenous N) N degradabilities (0·648 g N/kg N intake) than those given the other diets (0·751–0·775 g N/kg N intake). The values obtained in this experiment were compared with those reported for temperate grass silages, and it was concluded that whilst the digestibility of tropical grass/legume silages was low, intakes and rumen fermentation characteristics were similar to those found for temperate grass silages.

EFFECTS OF TREATING RAPESEED MEAL AND CASEIN WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON THE FLOW OF NUTRIENTS THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF FISTULATED HOLSTEIN STEERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
R. J. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total N ◽  
Belt Feeder

Four Holstein steers fitted with T-type soft plastic cannulae in the rumen, abomasum and terminal ileum were fed four semipurified pelleted diets containing 19% rapeseed meal (RSM) or 7.5% casein, both untreated or treated with formaldehyde (FA), during the four experimental periods. The diets were fed from an automatic belt feeder device. FA treatment of casein increased (P < 0.01) the flow of total N and non-ammonia-N (NAN) as a percentage of intake through the abomasum of steers. Significantly more (P < 0.05) bacterial N passed through the abomasum of steers fed RSM diets than those receiving the casein diets. FA treatment caused a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) depression in the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) in the small intestine of steers receiving the treated diets. Significantly greater (P < 0.05) quantities of total N and NAN passed through the terminal ileum of steers consuming the RSM diets compared to those fed casein diets. Total determined amino acids in the abomasum as a percentage of amino acid intake were lower (P < 0.01) for untreated casein diet compared to the other three treatments. FA treatment increased (P < 0.05) the flow of lysine, histidine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine in the abomasum of steers receiving FA casein compared with untreated casein, but had no effect in the case of treated RSM. FA treatment increased the absorption of most of the essential amino acids in the small intestine of steers receiving the FA casein compared to casein diet. Treatment of RSM resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) fecal excretion of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine.

Nitrogen utilisation and rumen function in Menz rams supplemented with foliages of Lablab purpureus or graded levels of Leucaena pallida 14203 and Sesbania sesban 1198

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Solomon Melaku
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Microbial N

Thirty-five male Menz rams (19.3 ± 0.87 kg, mean ± s.d.) fed on a basal diet of tef (Eragrostis tef) straw were used in a randomised block design to study the effects of supplementing with one level of Lablab purpureus (lablab), at 1.2% LW (230 g DM/day), and 3 graded levels of Leucaena pallida 14203 or Sesbania sesban 1198 at 0.9% LW (170 g DM/day), 1.2% LW (230 g DM/day), and 1.5% LW (290 g DM/day) on nitrogen (N) intake, microbial N yield, N retention, levels of rumen pH, and ammonia N. Five rams were used in each of the 7 treatments. The rams were adapted to treatment feeds for 3 weeks, followed by the collection of faeces and urine for 7 days by keeping them in metabolic cages. Graded levels of L. pallida resulted in lower (P < 0.001) daily microbial N yield and lower (P < 0.001) efficiency of microbial N yield per kg organic matter digested in the rumen and per MJ metabolisable energy than graded levels of S. sesban. Urinary N excretion was higher (P < 0.001) in S. sesban and Lablab supplemented animals than those supplemented with L. pallida, and the opposite was true for faecal and total N excretion. However, these did not result in treatment differences in N retention. L. pallida promoted lower (P < 0.001) mean rumen NH3-N level and higher mean rumen pH than the other supplement feeds. It is concluded that the lowest level of either L. pallida or S. sesban supplementation was adequate to promote comparable N retention to the 2 higher levels of supplementation.

THE ALDOBIOURONIC ACIDS OF HEMICELLULOSE B OF OAT HULLS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Falconer ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Partial hydrolysis of hemicellulose B from oat hulls yielded two aldobiouronic acids, which were identified as 2-O-(4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyruronosyl)-D-xylose and 2-O-(α-D-glucopyruronosyl)-D-xylose respectively. In addition, two aldotriouronic acids were isolated, one yielding on hydrolysis xylose and 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid, and the other, xylose, galactose, and glucurone.

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