Nitrogen utilisation and rumen function in Menz rams supplemented with foliages of Lablab purpureus or graded levels of Leucaena pallida 14203 and Sesbania sesban 1198

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Solomon Melaku
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Microbial N

Thirty-five male Menz rams (19.3 ± 0.87 kg, mean ± s.d.) fed on a basal diet of tef (Eragrostis tef) straw were used in a randomised block design to study the effects of supplementing with one level of Lablab purpureus (lablab), at 1.2% LW (230 g DM/day), and 3 graded levels of Leucaena pallida 14203 or Sesbania sesban 1198 at 0.9% LW (170 g DM/day), 1.2% LW (230 g DM/day), and 1.5% LW (290 g DM/day) on nitrogen (N) intake, microbial N yield, N retention, levels of rumen pH, and ammonia N. Five rams were used in each of the 7 treatments. The rams were adapted to treatment feeds for 3 weeks, followed by the collection of faeces and urine for 7 days by keeping them in metabolic cages. Graded levels of L. pallida resulted in lower (P < 0.001) daily microbial N yield and lower (P < 0.001) efficiency of microbial N yield per kg organic matter digested in the rumen and per MJ metabolisable energy than graded levels of S. sesban. Urinary N excretion was higher (P < 0.001) in S. sesban and Lablab supplemented animals than those supplemented with L. pallida, and the opposite was true for faecal and total N excretion. However, these did not result in treatment differences in N retention. L. pallida promoted lower (P < 0.001) mean rumen NH3-N level and higher mean rumen pH than the other supplement feeds. It is concluded that the lowest level of either L. pallida or S. sesban supplementation was adequate to promote comparable N retention to the 2 higher levels of supplementation.

The degradability by sheep of fruits of Acacias and leaves of Sesbania sesban and the effects of supplementation with mixtures of browses and oilseed cake on the utilization of teff (Eragrostis tef) straw

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Nsahlai ◽  
P. O. Osuji ◽  
N. N. Umunna
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Acacia Albida ◽  
Oilseed Cake ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating (1) the dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradabilities (by sheep) of Sesbania sesban leaves, Acacia albida (Faidhabia albida), A. siberiana and A. tortiris frazfs and (2) the effect of feeding a mixture of oilseed cake and tanniferous browses on the degradability of teff (Eragrostis tef) straw and oilseed cake and on particulate and liquid passage rates. Thirteen rumen cannulated sheep in a randomized complete-block design experiment were given teff straw ad libitum supplemented (DM per day) with 155 g oilseed cake (50: 50 mixture of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) and groundnut cake; oilseed cake diet) or with 92 g oilseed cake plus either 118 g S. sesban (sesbania diet) or 179 g A. albida fruits (albida diet). Diets were formulated to supply 10·5 g supplementary N per day.Sesbania had the highest DM washing loss, potential degradability and fastest DM degradation rate compared with the acacias. The N washing loss (g/kg) was highest for A. siberiana (500) followed by A. albida (431), A. tortilis (431) and sesbania (241). The potential N degradability (g/kg) was greater (P < 0·05) for sesbania (978) than for A. albida (848), A. tortilis (865) or A. siberiana (785). The degradation rates of oilseed cake-N and teff straw-DM, particulate and liquid passage rates, basal intake and DM digestibilities were similar among diets, but organic matter intake was highest for the albida diet. At the present levels of offer, supplementation with mixtures of oilseed cake and browses does not significantly reduce rumen degradation rates of oilseed cake-N or teff straw DM.

EFFECTS OF CUTTING ON THE NITROGEN ECONOMY AND DRY MATTER YIELD OF LABLAB GROWN UNDER MONOCULTURE AND INTERCROPPED WITH MAIZE IN NORTHERN THAILAND

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. DEVKOTA ◽  
B. RERKASEM
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
N Yield

A study was conducted to examine the effects of the time and severity of cutting lablab (Lablab purpureus), both in sole crops and intercropped with maize (Zea mays). The effects of cutting management on the dry matter (DM) yield, leaf area index (LAI), nodulation, the nitrogen (N) yield, and N fixation by lablab were measured, as were the total DM yield, grain yield, and a yield component of maize.Two dates of lablab cutting (40 and 60 d after sowing (DAS)), and two heights of cutting (30 and 20 cm above the soil surface) were applied in factorial combinations as well as a no-cutting treatment. Maize was not cut either in monoculture or intercrops.Intercropping lablab with maize increased the grain yields of maize from 3.2 t ha−1 to 3.8 t ha−1 if lablab was cut at 40 DAS, but delaying cutting until 60 DAS had no effect, while uncut lablab reduced the yield of maize by 10%. Intercropping lablab with maize reduced the total N yield of lablab by over 50%, from 302 to 132 kg N ha−1. Regardless of cropping system, the total N yield of lablab at 130 DAS was 24% less when lablab was cut at 60 DAS compared with 40 DAS. Cutting height did not significantly affect the total N yield of lablab. Although both cropping system and cutting time significantly affected the total N fixation by lablab at 130 DAS, there were no significant effects of cropping system, cutting time or severity of cutting on the proportion of N in lablab derived from N fixation.Values of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) which ranged between 1.2 and 1.6, and of Area Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER) which ranged between 1.0 and 1.4 for intercrops of maize with lablab indicated a definite advantage of intercropping. LER and ATER values were greatest when lablab was uncut, and least when lablab was cut at 60 DAS.

scholarly journals NITROGEN RETENTION IN RAPIDLY-GROWING STEERS GIVEN UREA SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
O. A. Ikuwegbu
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Microbial N

Four calves equipped with permanent rumen and T-piece duodenal caninulus were given four diets in a Latin square experiment carried out at two stages of development. DM flow was measured by dual-phase markers. The basal diet of hay and concentrate was calculated to be low In rumen degradable N (RDN) and. tissue N. Additional RDN was provided by ad­ding 6, 12 or 18g urea/kg concentrate. Supplementary urea did not affect OM digestion either in the stomach or In the entire digestive tract. At the older age OM digestion in the stomach and the entire tract was significantly higher. On the basal diet, N retention was low. The flow of microbial N measured by the DAPA technique was not affected by diet and it was calculated that between 3 and 7g "s/d were recycled to the rumen. The addition of supplementary urea increased N retention par­ticularly at the lowest level of supplementation due to a concomitant decrease In urinary N.

Effect of graded levels of lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) hay on carcass characteristics of red sokoto goats fed maize stover basal diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
MR Hassan ◽  
SB Abdu ◽  
BS Seyi ◽  
JT Amodu ◽  
HY Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Smallholder Systems

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding varying levels of lablab hay on carcass characteristics of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty (20) male, non castrate Red Sokoto bucks of average initial weight range of 9.30-11.87± 0.1kg, were used for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to five treatment diets containing lablab hay at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels of inclusion, respectively. The bucks were individually pen-fed with the concentrate diets at 2% body weight in a Randomized Complete Block Design for a period of 90 days, before they were slaughtered. Results revealed that a 50% inclusion level of lablab hay in the diet led to 79% higher (P<0.05) dressed weight compared to the control diet (35%). The length of small intestine increased by 51% (P<0.05) at 100% level of inclusion of lablab hay compared to the control diet (25%). Also, there was a 45% increase (P<0.05) in the head weight of the bucks at 75% level of lablab hay inclusion. Similarly, including lablab hay at 100% in the diet led to 55% decrease (P<0.05) in the abdominal fat content compared to the control diet. Generally, lablab hay inclusion in the diet of Red Sokoto bucks led to increased (P<0.05) weight of other prime cuts and organs. It was therefore concluded that lablab hay is a potential feed supplement for Red Sokoto bucks under smallholder systems and should be adopted by the farmers for better performance, heavier carcass weight and lean meat production in Nigeria.Key words: Carcass, diet, goats, lablab, Nigeria

Graded levels of Sesbania sesban and Leucaena leucocephala as supplements to teff straw given to Ethiopian Menz sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. K. Bonsi ◽  
P. O. Osuji ◽  
I. V. Nsahlai ◽  
A. K. Tuah
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Fodder Tree

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation with fodder tree leaves on the utilization of teff straw. This ivas aimed at testing the hypothesis that forage supplements (e.g. sesbania) that disappear faster from the rumen compared with those that disappear slowly (eg. leucaena) may elicit higher intakes of the basal diet. Experiment 1 investigated the effect of level (i.e. 0,200,300 and 400 g/kg dry matter (DM) intake) of leaves of Sesbania sesban or Leucaena leucocephala on the utilization of teff straw fed ad libitum. Seven sheep were given the seven diets in four periods following a partially balanced (7 × 4) cross-over design. In experiment 2, teff straw alone or supplemented with graded levels of sesbania (250, 350 and 450 g/kg DM intake), were fed to 16 sheep in a completely randomized block design. Intake, degradability, nitrogen (N) utilization, particulate and liquid passage rates were estimated.In experiment 1, protein source × protein level interaction was not significant. Supplementation increased intakes of total DM (P < 0-05), organic matter (P < 0·01) and N retention (P < 0·01) but had no effect on the intake of teff straw. Supplementation with sesbania, but not with leucaena, increased (P < 0·05) the apparent digestibility of DM. Both supplements increased (P < 0·05) the fractional rate of passage from the rumen. In experiment 2, graded levels of sesbania increased DM intake (P < 0·05), fractional rate of liquid outflow (P< 0·05) and tended to increase the rate of degradation. It was concluded that the effect of fodder tree leaves on roughage intake is a function of their disappearance rate from the rumen.

scholarly journals The Fate of Tannins from Birdsfoot Trefoil and Their Effect on the Nitrogen Balance in Growing Lambs Fed Diets Varying in Protein Level

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Eleonora Seoni ◽  
Myriam Rothacher ◽  
Yves Arrigo ◽  
Silvia Ampuero Kragten ◽  
Giuseppe Bee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Peg Treatment

Two experimental periods were employed to investigate the fate of ingested CT from BT and their effects on the intake, digestibility, and N balance in lambs fed diets differing in CP levels. In period 1, 24 lambs were fed a basal diet either treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG+) to deactivate CT or without polyethylene glycol (PEG−). In period 2, the same lambs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design and fed either the basal diet (BP) or a high protein diet (HP), again treated with or without PEG. In both experimental periods, feeding lambs diets without PEG caused a reduction in the dry matter (DM) intake and an increase in the DM digestibility. Urinary and total N excretion decreased in lambs fed diets without PEG, but only in absolute terms and not in relation to the N intake. The total N intake, total N excretion, and body N retention were higher with a higher dietary CP level. Related to the CT intake, less soluble and protein-bound CT were excreted by lambs fed diets without PEG, and more protein-bound and fiber-bound CT were excreted by lambs fed BP diets. Regardless of the PEG treatment and CP level, not all CT that are ingested are also excreted. The effect of PEG treatment on the N excretion pathway was independent of the CP level.

Effect of ingestion of hydrolysable tannins in Terminalia oblongata on digestion in sheep fed Stylosanthes hamata

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS McSweeney ◽  
PM Kennedy ◽  
A John
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Microbial N

Effect of hydrolysable tannins in the browse tree Terminalia oblongalu (yellow-wood) on digestion of organic matter, fibre and nitrogen in the stomach and intestines, was studied in sheep fed a basal diet of the tropical legume Stylosanthes hamata (verano). These tannins are toxic to the liver and kidneys, but their effect on digestion is not known. Although two of the four sheep used showed signs of yellow-wood toxicity with an intake of 0.9 g tannin/kg body weight, there were no significant effects on OM, N and CWC digestion of verano in the alimentary tract as a whole. However, yellow-wood appeared to depress OM and CWC digestion in the stomach, but this was compensated for by greater intestinal digestion. The OM digestibility of verano in the whole tract was 0.59 of intake, with two-thirds due to digestion in the stomach. About 0.87 of the total N loss (0.68 of intake) in the gut occurred in the intestines, and microbial N production was 33 g/kg of verano OM digested in the stomach. Therefore intake of non-toxic levels of yellow-wood should not compromise digestion.

scholarly journals Protein nutrition of growing lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kempton ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Total N ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Ammonia Absorption ◽  
Microbial N

1. Lambs with cannulas in the duodenum and ileum were allowed free access to one of four diets: a basal diet of oat hulls and solka floc, or the basal diet supplemented with either urea, urea plus casein or urea plus formaldehyde-treated (HCHO)-casein. Mean nitrogen intake was 1.9 g N/d for the basal diet and 15.0, 32.4 and 36.9 g N/d respectively for the other diets.2. The rate of irreversible loss of ammonia from the rumen pool estimated using15NH+4was highest on the casein diet (33 g NH3-N/d) by comparison with 18 g NH3-N/d for the urea and HCHO-casein diets and 7 g NH3-N/d for the basal diet.3. The proportions of bacterial and protozoal N in the rumen derived from rumen ammonia did not differ significantly between the supplemented diets and were 0.66 and 0.52 respectively.4. Estimation of15N flowing to the duodenum during continuous infusions of15NH+4into the rumen indicated considerable ammonia absorption from the rumen on all the diets. Greatest absorption of ammonia (21 g N/d) apparently occurred in animals on the diet supplemented with urea and casein.5. The estimated microbial non-ammonia-N (NAN) flowing out of the rumen per unit organic matter fermented in the rumen (FOM) was similar on all diets, i.e. 21.3 (±1.09) g N/kg FOM. The requirement for dietary fermentable N for microbial N production on these diets was 1.2 (±0.07) g N/MJ ME.6. The flow of NAN into the duodenum and throught the ileum, and total N in the faeces was significantly influenced by the form of N supplementation. The flow of NAN into the duodenum for the HCHO-casein diet (27 g N/d) was more than twice that for the other diets (11 g N/d). The flow of NAN through the ileum and excretion of total N in the faeces was also greater with the HCHO-casein diet than with all other diets. The apparent digestibility of NAN in the small intestine ranged between 0.62–0.66 for all diets.7. Urea and casein supplements were apparently completely degraded in the rumen. In contrast, the HCHO-casein was almost completely resistant to degradation in the rumen and only 65% of the HCHO-casein was digested in the small intestine.8. Protein absorbed: energy absorbed (expressed as NAN digested in the small intestine/MJ ME) was calculated to be 5.5 (±0.70) for the basal, urea and urea-plus-casein diets, and 11.6 (±1.71) for the urea-plus-HCHO-casein diet.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document