The development of obesity in preweanling obob mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Thurlby ◽  
P. Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Control ◽  
Obob Mice ◽  
Early Origin ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Cold Stress Test

1. The body compositions of obob and lean (ob+ and + +) mice at 10, 12, 17 and 28 d of age were investigated using a ‘cold stress’ test to identify the two groups.2. At each of these ages the obob mice were found to contain significantly more fat than the lean. At 10 d 20 % more fat was present and by 17 d the increase was 72 %. The obob mice at 28 d contained nearly three times as much fat as the lean.3. Carcass energy was significantly higher in obob mice at all ages investigated.4. Other changes in body composition found in the 28 d obob mice, i.e. a reduction in total carcass nitrogen and water content, were already established in the 17-d-old mice but differences at 10 and 12 d were not apparent.5. The livers of obob mice were significantly heavier than those from lean control mice at 28 d but no differences were detected at the earlier ages.6. The results are discussed with reference to the early origin of obesity in obob mice.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Body Compositions of Taekwondo Practitioners Aged 14-16 and Their Aerobic Endurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3438-3440
Author(s):  
Duygu Sevinç Yilmaz ◽  
Burakhan Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background: Taekwondo (TKD) is a combat sport practiced by millions of children, young people and adults around the world.1 It is an Olympic sports branch with many complex features and constant interaction between two opponents in the competitions, where attack-contact techniques are applied quickly, attacking techniques are strong2,3 but also have good flexibility. Aim: This study has been carried out to identify the relationship between body composition of taekwondo practitioners aged 14-16 who regularly practice taekwondo, and their aerobic endurance. Methods: A total of 33 registered taekwondo practitioners (17 male, 16 female) participated to this study on a voluntary basis. The age, height, weight, and body mass index of all the athletes who took part in the study are 14.96±0.80 years, 162.59±11.59 cm, 50.97±7.51 kg and 19.14±2.39 kg/m² respectively. The group who participated to the study practice taekwondo two days a week, for 2 hours each, for a period of 1.5 years. The aerobic endurance of taekwondo athletes was measured by 20-meter-long Shuttle Run Test. In order to measure the body composition values of the athletes, measurements of skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapula, subrailiac) were carried out. In calculating the body density, the formula of Durning-Womersley was used; and in calculating the body fat percentage, the formula of Siri was employed. Data was evaluated by SPSS 22.0. The normality distribution of the data obtained at the end of the study was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and it was observed that the data was in line with normal distribution. Following the normalcy assessment, the relationship between body compositions and aerobic endurances was determined by Pearson Correlation analysis. Results: It is possible to say that the body composition values of taekwondo practitioners aged 14-16 have positive and negative impact on their aerobic endurance. It is observed that as the values 20-meter Shuttle Run test increases, fat percentage of athletes decreases. Conclusion: It is concluded that the findings obtained from the research results support the literature, and that body composition and aerobic capacity are important as performance criteria in many studies. It is thought that it may be beneficial for the athletes to perform aerobic endurance exercises during the annual training periods to perform the necessary practices to optimize their body composition and improve their aerobic capacity. Keywords: Taekwondo, Body Composition, Aerobic Endurance

scholarly journals BMI-BFMNU: A structural index linked to fat mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
José Miguel Soriano del Castillo ◽  
Paola Sechi ◽  
Pietro Marco Boselli
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
The Real ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Body Compositions

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) provides little information on body composition. For example, two people with the same BMI might have different body compositions. In this sense, the development of a new BMI able to provide body composition information is of clinical and scientific interest. The aim of the study was to suggest a new modified BMI formula.Material and methods: A total of 108 subject, females 56 and males 52, 0-73 years old, in various physiopathological conditions were evaluated. Data were collected and processed by a program that through anthropometric measurements calculates classic BMI, volume, surface, V/S (that we can defined like a body-thickness “pseudospessore”) and the new BMI-BFMNU.Results: The basic formula (BMI =Body Mass [kg]/Height [m2]) uses the height squared as the value of the body surface, although this is only an approximation of the real surface, whereas using the real surface instead, the new BMI reflects better the ratio between the body volume and its surface. The ratio called "pseudospessore" is already used in literature from the BFMNU (Italian acronym refereed to Biologia e Fisiologia Modellistica della Nutrizione Umana) method and has been shown to be related to the amount of fat.Conclusions: Using the BMI-BFMNU, it is possible to obtain an indication of the body structure related to the amount of fat. The consequence is that the obtained numerical values do not coincide with the traditional BMI’s values and will refer to different normal ranges. For instance, a person may be in the range of normal weight for both BMI measurements, but only the BMI-BFMNU detects whether a person has a higher or lower fat content considering the individual’s category. This study opens up to new possible future developments on the application of the new BMI that will allow a more accurate assessment and classification of patients.

scholarly journals Relación entre factores antropométricos y de composición corporal con el rendimiento físico en piragüistas veteranos (Relationship between anthropometric factors and body composition with physical performance in veteran kayakers)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Marina Almagro Blázquez ◽  
Vicente Ferrer-López ◽  
Ignacio Martínez González-Moro
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Waist Size ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la composición corporal de piragüistas veteranos de élite y relacionarla con el rendimiento físico. Para ello, se midieron una serie de parámetros antropométricos y se realizó una prueba ergoespirométrica a 11 piragüistas veteranos que compiten a nivel nacional e internacional. La edad media de los participantes fue 43.45 ± 11.96 años y las horas de entrenamiento a la semana 10.91 ± 3.24. Se correlacionó negativamente la edad con la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y el consumo de oxígeno (VO2) con: Índice Masa Corporal (IMC), Índice Cintura/Talla (ICT), Masa Grasa Relativa (MGR), sumatorio de cuatro y seis pliegues y porcentaje de masa grasa. Asimismo, se correlacionó positivamente las horas de entrenamiento a la semana con el VO2 (r=.78, p=.00) y el porcentaje de masa muscular con el VO2 (r=.86, p=.00) y con la potencia (r=.67, p=.02). Como conclusión, aquellos piragüistas veteranos que tenían unas mejores características antropométricas presentaron un mejor VO2 y fueron capaces de movilizar una mayor carga de vatios durante la prueba de esfuerzo. Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the body composition of veteran elite kayakers and relate it to physical performance. For this purpose, a group of anthropometric parameters were measured and an ergospirometric test was performed in 11 veteran kayakers competing nationally and internationally. The average age of the participants was 43.45 ± 11.96 years and the training hours per week was 10.91 ± 3.24. Age was negatively correlated with heart rate (HR) and maximal oxygen intake (VO2) with: Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-Size, Relative Fat Mass (RFM), sumattion four and six skin folds and the percentage of fat mass. Likewise, training hours per week were correlated positively with VO2 (r = .78, p = .00) and the percentage of muscle mass with VO2 (r = .86, p = .00) and with power (r = .67, p=.02). In conclusion, those veteran kayakers who had better anthropometric characteristics presented a better VO2 and were able to mobilize a higher watt load during the stress test.

scholarly journals Association between CT-Quantified Body Composition and Recurrence, Survival in Nonmetastasis Colorectal Cancer Patients Underwent Regular Chemotherapy after Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Piaopaio Ying ◽  
Wenyi Jin ◽  
Xiaoli Wu ◽  
Weiyang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Chemotherapy ◽  
Body Compositions

Background. Body mass index, measured at colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis has been associated with recurrence and survival outcomes. Computed tomography- (CT-) defined body compositions accurately reflect body mass, but there was no consistent perspective on the influence of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle mass (SM) on the prognosis of nonmetastasis CRC, especially in the patients underwent surgery and regularly standard chemotherapy. Methods. We investigated the associations of CT-quantified body composition (VAT and SM) with CRC patients successively underwent surgery and regular 8-12 of periods standard chemotherapy. All of the CT images were obtained at the level of the L3/4 spinal level. The prognostic value of the body compositions was analyzed using the Cox regression model, and precise clinical nomograms were established. Results. In XELOX-treated patients, progression-free survival (PFS) ( P = 0.025 ) and overall survival (OS) ( P = 0.032 ) were lower in the high-SM than in the low-SM group. The univariate analysis demonstrated that compared with low-SM patients, patients with high-SM showed a strikingly poor prognosis in both OS ( P = 0.0512 ) and PFS in the T4 subgroup ( P = 0.0417 ), while contrary to the T2-3 subgroup. Conclusions. CT-quantified body compositions have a significant influence on CRC patients successively underwent curative resection and regularly standard chemotherapy with the endpoints of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year both OS and PFS. Patients with high-SM showed a strikingly poor prognosis in OS and PFS in the T4 subgroup; however, the prognosis role of body composition was opposite in T2-3 patients.

Forward and Retro Locomotion Training on Anthropometrical Body Compositions and Aerobic Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Shaji John Kachanathu ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif ◽  
Aqeel M Alenazi ◽  
Ashraf R Hafez ◽  
Shibili Nuhmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Forward Locomotion ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Locomotion Training ◽  
Composition Changes

Abstract Background Forward and retro locomotion on a treadmill is a common tool for lower extremity rehabilitation in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect on anthropometrical body composition adaptations and aerobic performance during forward and retro locomotion training on a treadmill at 10-degree inclinations. Methods A convenience sample of 30 healthy male subjects with mean age of 20.93±2.54 years, participated in the study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, Forward Locomotion Group (FLG) and Retro Locomotion Group (RLG) (n=15) and performed forward and retro locomotion training on a treadmill at 10-degree inclination respectively for duration of 6 weeks. Study outcomes such as aerobic performance and anthropometrical body composition were measured at pre and post intervention phases. Results Although both FLG and RLG training improved aerobic performance significantly. However, RLG reported a significant improvement as compared to FLG in the above parameters. Whereas, anthropometrical body composition changes are not found to be significant even after 6 weeks of intervention in both groups. Conclusion Both the forward and retro locomotion training improved aerobic performance but not the body composition variables, also retro locomotion training was more effective than forward locomotion in improving aerobic performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Iodixanol on Respiratory Functions during Coronary Angiography and the Role of Body Composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Derya Guzel ◽  
Mustafa Gokhan Vural ◽  
Ramazan Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Body Compositions

Purpose. The purposes of this study are to assess the acute effects of iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast media, on pulmonary functions and to evaluate the body composition in order to find out its role in causing this deterioration. Methods. 35 male and 25 female patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) were enrolled in the study. Before CA, all patients’ body compositions were evaluated by measuring their body mass indexes (BMIs) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs). Total body waters (TBWs), fat masses (FMs), fat-free masses (FFMs), and basal metabolism rates (BMRs) were measured via bioimpedance analysis. The CA was performed via radial artery route using iodixanol in every patient. The pulmonary function tests of these patients were performed before, during, and 2 hours after the CA. FEV1∆, FEF25–75%∆, and FVC∆ parameters were calculated by subtracting the measured baseline value from the measurement after the CA. Results. Angiography caused significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1, from 94.17 ± 18.83 to 84.45 ± 18.31, p<0.0001), forced vital capacity (FVC, from 96.57 ± 15.82 to 88.31 ± 17.96, p<0.0001), and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25–75% from 82.54 ± 24.26 to 72.11 ± 25.41, p=0.001) and remained lower after 2 h after CA in male patients, respectively. FEV1 values were 103.40 ± 17.79 to 94.96 ± 17.063 (p=0.004); FVC values were 107.20 ± 19.03 to 99.08 ± 20.56 (p=0.009); and FEF25–75% values were 83.92 ± 24.30 to 73.24 ± 20.45 (p=0.005) before and after CA and remained lower after 2 h after CA in female patients, respectively. FEV1/FVC ratio remained unchanged. FEF25–75%∆ was statistically correlated with FFM, TBW, and WHR (p<0.05; r=−0.344, r=−0.347, and r=0.357, resp.), and FVC∆ was correlated with WHR in male patients (p=0.018, r=397). Conclusions. Our data suggested that diagnostic CA using iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast media, leads significant impairment in respiratory functions. Due to the persistence of these reductions even 2 hours after CA, ventilatory functions should be considered especially in patients whose body compositions or hydration levels are not within the desired physiological range.

scholarly journals The Effects of the COVID-19 Environments on Changes in Body Composition in Japanese Elite Fencing Athlete

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jun Yasuda ◽  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Eri Takai ◽  
Nobuhiko Eda ◽  
Yasuyuki Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Time Course ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Body Compositions

The Japanese government declared a state of emergency from 7 April to 25 May to limit people’s movement due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This pandemic negatively affects athletes’ body composition due to inactivity. Therefore, we compared the body composition data (i.e., fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM)), of 43 Japanese elite fencers (22 men, 21 women), in September 2019 for baseline, and of 21 (12 men, 9 women) who completed the following measurements in June 2020 (POST; immediately after rescinding the emergency state) and September 2020 (POST-4M; 4-months after rescinding the emergency state). Results at baseline indicate no significant differences in body compositions among fencing disciplines. We also confirmed no significant changes in body mass during the 1-year investigation period in either sex. There were no time-course changes in men’s FFM and FM; however, time-course changes in women’s FM were observed. Compared to the baseline, FM values were significantly higher at POST and then returned to baseline levels at POST-4M in women. In conclusion, the 2-month stay-at-home period due to COVID-19 negatively affected women’s FM changes, but not their FFM or men’s FM.

The Relationship of Elite Curling Athletes' Static and Dynamic Balance Levels and Shooting Performances

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3273-3275
Author(s):  
Sam Cemil Tuğrulhan ◽  
Yilmaz Hasan Hüseyin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the relationship between static and dynamic balance and the shooting performance of curling athletes who continue their sports life actively at the elite level. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 athletes in the curling A national women's and men's teams participated in the research. The body compositions of the subjects were measured using the BODPOD device. SPORKAT 300 device was used to determine the static and dynamic balance levels. Static and Dynamic balance measurements were performed on both feet, right feet and left feet. In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the subjects, the curling shooting performance evaluation scale developed by Bedir and Erhan was used. SPSS v25 was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the measurements. The significance level was accepted as 0.05 in all statistical evaluations. Results: When the data obtained from the subjects were examined, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between both static and dynamic balance and shooting performance. In addition, it was determined that there were significant relationships between the subjects' body compositions, static/dynamic balance levels and shooting performances. Conclusion: It was determined that there is a significant relationship between static and dynamic balance and shooting performance. Significant relationships were determined between body composition and static and dynamic balance. Keywords: Curling, Shooting Performance, Balance, Body Composition

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF FITNESS, PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND CONCENTRATION OF THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN SALIVA IN ADOLESCENTS PRACTICING COMPETITIVE SPORTS AND THEIR PEERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Ida Laudańska- Krzemińska ◽  
Katarzyna Domaszewska ◽  
Mariusz Naczk ◽  
Paweł Kroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Training

The purpose of the study was to compare BDNF in saliva before and after a maximum physical effort in adolescents practicing sports and their non-training peers, related to the body composition and physical fitness. The study comprised 64 individuals aged 13-14 (39 practicing sports). Physical fitness was measured using the EUROFIT test. The maximum oxygen uptake was determined on a mechanical treadmill. Saliva BDNF concentration was measured (R&D, USA) at rest and after an exercise. The research results prove that body composition was different depending on the sex, the EUROFIT results were not. The percentage of body fat correlated negatively with the strength of the lower body and the strength of the trunk muscles. There was a positive relationship between the muscle mass and the cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of the level of training. BDNF in saliva was comparable in non-training and training individuals. BDNF was significantly dependent on the body composition only in girls and negatively correlated with the content of adipose tissue. Training and non-training teenagers did not differ in fitness, but in the level of cardiorespiratory fitness. Non-training teenagers showed a higher concentration of BDNF in saliva and further increase after the exercise stress test. In the training individuals, the exercise stress test did not lead to an increase in BDNF concentration.

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