The assessment of zinc status of an animal from the uptake of65Zn by the cells of whole blood in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Chesters ◽  
Marie Will
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

1.65Zn uptake by blood cells in vitro has been compared with plasma Zn concentration and plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) activity as indicators of an animal's Zn status.2. Dietary Zn deficiency, low food intake, reduced dietary protein content and endotoxin administration all reduced plasma Zn concentration in the rat. In each case there was a parallel reduction in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in65Zn uptake in vitro by cells of whole blood.3. A similar relationship between the three measurements existed in sheep with lowered plasma Zn concentrations whether these were caused by dietary deficiency or by post-surgical stress.4.65Zn uptake by cells of whole blood did not differentiate dietary Zn deficiency from the other factors which reduce plasma Zn under ‘field’ conditions.5.65Zn uptake by the cells in whole blood in vitro was three to five times less rapid in blood of ruminant origin than in that from non-ruminants. This difference related to the erythrocytes rather than to the leukocytes or the plasma.

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT RISKS AND ZN FERTILIZATION NEEDS IN ZN BIOFORTIFICATION BREEDING IN LOWLAND RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.C. RUBIANES ◽  
B.P. MALLIKARJUNA SWAMY ◽  
S.E. JOHNSON-BEEBOUT
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

SUMMARYAs zinc (Zn) fertilizer and water management affect the expression of Zn-enriched grain traits in rice, we studied the effect of Zn fertilizer and water management on Zn uptake and grain yield of different biofortification breeding lines and the possible biases in selection for high grain Zn content. The first field experiment showed that longer duration genotypes had higher grain Zn uptake rate than shorter duration genotypes during grain filling. In the first greenhouse experiment, neither application of Zn fertilizer at mid-tillering nor application at flowering significantly increased the grain Zn concentration. In the second greenhouse experiment, application of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly increased the available soil Zn and plant Zn uptake but not grain Zn concentration. Terminal drying (TD) did not increase the available soil Zn or grain Zn contents. The second field experiment confirmed that differences in TD were not important in understanding differences between genotypes. Zn application is not always necessary to breeding trials unless there is a severe Zn deficiency and there is no need to carefully regulate TD prior to harvest.

scholarly journals Erythrocytes, erythrocyte membranes, neutrophils and platelets as biopsy materials for the assessment of zinc status in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ruz ◽  
Kelley R. Cavan ◽  
William J. Bettger ◽  
Rosalind S. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Zinc Depletion ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Cellular Immune

During a controlled zinc depletion-repletion study, fifteen men aged 25.3 (sd 3.3) years were fed on a low-Zn diet with high phytate:Zn and phytate × calcium: Zn molar ratios for 7 weeks, followed by a 2 week repletion period when 30 mg supplemental Zn/d was given. Changes in plasma, urine, and hair Zn concentrations, taste acuity, and cellular immune response confirmed the development of mild Zn deficiency. Zn concentrations in neutrophils, platelets, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes, mean platelet volume, and activities of alkaline phosphatse (EC3.1.3.1) and α-d-mannosidase (EC3.2.1.24) in neutrophils did not respond to changes in Zn status. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity in erythrocyte membranes showed a significant decline which was consistent in all subjects (nmol product formed/min per mg protein; baselinev.7-week Zn depletion, 0.656 (sd 0.279)v.0.506 (sd 0.230), at 7 weeks;P< 0.05); neutral phosphatase activity remained unchanged. Alkaline phosphatase activity in erythrocyte membranes may be a potential index of Zn status in humans

scholarly journals Effect of starvation and sampling time on plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium homeostasis in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Thompson ◽  
D. P. Mikhailidis ◽  
D. S. Gill ◽  
J. Y. Jeremy ◽  
J. L. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

The effect of starvation and sampling time on plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, total plasma calcium concentration and whole blood ionized calcium concentration was determined in the rat. Starvation caused a significant fall in total and ionized calcium concentrations as well as in alkaline phosphatase activity. These changes were accompanied by a fall in whole blood pH and an increase in the anion gap and a decrease in urinary excretion of calcium. These indices were restored to normal following refeeding. There was no change in serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations following starvation for 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed a pattern compatible with the presence of a circadian rhythm when sampling took place between 0800 and 1800 h. Total and ionized calcium concentrations did not show such a rhythm when animals were fed the present diet.

scholarly journals Reproductive Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hening Hu ◽  
Darrell Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Zn Status

The effect of Zn deficiency on reproductive growth of `Stuart' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was studied. At the most severe Zn-deficiency level, shoots were rosetted and produced neither. staminate nor pistillate inflorescences. At less severe Zn-deficiency levels, catkin length and weight decreased as Zn concentration in the leaf decreased. The number of fruits produced per shoot was reduced by Zn deficiency. Even though fruit abortion was not affected by Zn status of the shoot, fruit death and drying in situ increased with increasing Zn deficiency. Zinc deficiency dramatically suppressed fruit development and resulted in delayed and staggered shuck dehiscence.

scholarly journals Chemical factors affecting the intestinal absorption of zinc in vitro and in vivo

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Seal ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Rat Duodenum

1. Everted sacs of rat duodenum and ileum were used to study the effect of anions and organic ligands on the absorption of zinc. The uptake per unit weight of tissue was greater in duodenum than ileum, and it was influenced by the Zn concentration and pH of the incubation medium.2. The Zn uptake from inorganic salts in simple buffered medium varied in the order zinc sulphate > zinc chloride > zinc phosphate. Zinc acetate was more effective and zinc citrate less effective than ZnCl2. Addition of aspartic acid or histidine to ZnCl2 increased the uptake but galactose or lactose decreased it. 2-Picolinic acid greatly increased the Zn uptake but 4-picolinic acid reduced it.3. When incubated with intestinal sacs after incorporation into a synthetic rat diet, only ZnSO4 and 2-picolinic acid increased Zn uptake compared with ZnCl2, but zinc citrate and 4-picolinic acid still tended to decrease it.4. Metabolic balance studies showed no significant differences in the faecal excretion, total excretion or retention of Zn between rats receiving diets containing different forms of Zn. ZnSO4, zinc citrate and particularly 2-picolinic acid increased the urinary excretion of Zn.5. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the suitability of methods for investigating Zn absorption and the importance of Zn-binding ligands.

scholarly journals Poor zinc status is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance in Spanish children

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Ortega ◽  
E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Aparicio ◽  
A. I. Jiménez ◽  
A. M. López-Sobaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Zn Status

Zn plays a key role in the synthesis and action of insulin. The aim of the present work was to determine whether a poorer Zn status was associated with insulin resistance in a group of 357 Spanish schoolchildren. Zn intake was determined by using a 3 d food record (i.e. Sunday to Tuesday). The body weight, height and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and Zn concentrations were determined. Insulin resistance was determined using the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) marker. Children (11·5 %) with Zn deficiency (serum Zn concentration < 10·7 μmol/l) had higher HOMA values than those with a more satisfactory Zn status (1·73 (sd0·93)) compared with 1·38 (sd0·90;P < 0·05). An inverse correlation was found between the HOMA value and the serum Zn concentration (r− 0·149,P < 0·05). The risk of having a greater insulin resistance value (HOMA greater than the 75th percentile) increased with age (OR 1·438; 95 % CI 1·021, 2·027) and BMI (OR 1·448; 95 % CI 1·294, 1·619) and decreased as Zn serum levels increased (OR 0·908; 95 % CI 0·835, 0·987;P < 0·001). Moreover, an inverse relationship was observed between HOMA values and Zn dietary density (r− 0·122), and the Zn intakes of male children with a HOMA value of >3·16 made a significantly smaller contribution to the coverage of those recommended (59·7 (sd14·7) %) than observed in children with lower HOMA values (73·6 (sd18·2) %;P < 0·05). Taking into account that Zn intake was below than that recommended in 89·4 % of the children, it would appear that increasing the intake of Zn could improve the health and nutritional status of these children, and thus contribute to diminish problems of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Quantify the Requirements to Achieve Grain Zn Biofortification of High-yield Wheat on Calcareous Soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Zhaohui Wang ◽  
Shasha Li ◽  
Chaopeng Diao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Distribution ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

AbstractThe solution to address global human Zn deficiency is Zn biofortification of staple food crops, aimed at high grain Zn concentration as well as high yield. However, the desired high grain Zn concentration above 40 mg kg-1 is rarely observed for high-yield wheat on worldwide calcareous soils, due to inadequate Zn uptake or Zn distribution to grain. The present study aims to investigate how much Zn uptake or distribution is adequate to achieve the Zn.t of high-yield wheat on calcareous soils with low available Zn (∼ 0.5 mg kg-1). Of the 123 cultivars tested in a three-year field experiment, 19 high-yield cultivars were identified with similar yields around 7.0 t ha-1 and various grain Zn concentrations from 9.3 to 26.7 mg kg-1. The adequate Zn distribution to grain was defined from the view of Zn biofortification, as the situation where the Zn distribution to grain (Zn harvest index) increased to the observed maximum of ∼ 91.0% and the Zn concentration of vegetative parts (straw Zn concentration) decreased to the observed minimum of ∼ 1.5 mg kg-1 (Zn.m). Under the assumed condition of adequate Zn distribution to grain (∼ 91.0%), all the extra Zn above Zn.m was remobilized from straw to grain and the grain Zn concentration would be increased to its highest attainable level, which was 14.5 ∼ 31.3 mg kg-1 for the 19 high-yield cultivars but still lower than 40 mg kg-1. Thus, even with the adequate Zn distribution to grain, the current Zn uptake is still not adequate and needs to be increased to 308 g ha-1 or higher to achieve Zn.t for high-yield wheat (7.0 t ha-1) on low-Zn calcareous soils. Besides, the established method here can also provide the priority measures and quantitative guidelines to achieve Zn biofortification in other wheat production regions.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary ligands on zinc uptake at the porcine intestinal brush-border membrane

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Turnbull ◽  
P. Blakeborough ◽  
R. P. H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Vitro Model

Intestinal brush-border-membrane vesicles were prepared from the porcine small bowel by magnesium precipitation and differential centrifugation, and were functionally intact. The influence of dietary ligands on 65Zn uptake was determined using a 65Zn concentration of 5 μm, an incubation time of 1 min and a reaction temperature of 27°, with a rapid filtration technique. At this low Zn concentration the addition of an excess of folate, histidine or glucose had no effect on Zn uptake. Addition of picolinate, citrate and phytate to the incubation medium significantly reduced Zn uptake at all concentrations of ligand examined. Any inhibitory effects of folic acid in vivo may thuss be due to a mucosal rather than lumen interaction. Those ligands inhibiting absorption may have done so through the formation of Zn-ligand complexes, which are either insoluble, or which reduce the binding of Zn to its mucosal receptor. This in vitro model of Zn absorption is useful for comparing the effects of potential Zn-binding ligands in the diet.

scholarly journals Hepatic zinc in metallothionein-null mice following zinc challenge: in vivo and in vitro studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 309 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Coyle ◽  
J C Philcox ◽  
A M Rofe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Cultured Hepatocytes ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Zn Concentration

Hepatic zinc uptake and accumulation were compared in freshly isolated and cultured hepatocytes prepared from control (MT+/+) and metallothionein (MT)-null (MT-/-) mice. In freshly isolated hepatocytes, rapid (10-15 min) exchange of 65Zn was proportional to the Zn concentration in the medium and occurred to the same extent in hepatocytes from MT+/+ and MT-/- mice. In 24 h culture experiments with MT+/+ and MT-/- hepatocytes it was shown that approx. 40% of newly acquired cell-associated Zn was attached to the cell surface and not internalized. In MT+/+ and MT-/- hepatocyte cultures, internalized Zn (intZn) increased in proportion to extracellular Zn. Zn accumulation in MT-/- hepatocytes was only 60% that of MT+/+ cells. Addition of 1 microM dexamethasone (Dex) and recombinant mouse interleukin-6 (IL-6; 100 units/ml) increased MT accumulation by 8.6-fold in MT+/+ hepatocytes (at 50 microM Zn) and there was an associated parallel increase in intZn. Dex and IL-6 did not increase intZn in the MT-/- hepatocytes. At 16 h after an intraperitoneal injection of 5 micrograms/g Zn, plasma and urine Zn concentrations were 69 +/- 10 microM and 86 +/- 25 microM respectively in MT-/- mice (n = 10) and 27 +/- 1 microM and 23 +/- 4 microM respectively in MT+/+ controls (n = 9) (P < 0.001, plasma; P < 0.05, urine). Hepatic cytosolic Zn concentrations doubled in MT+/+ mice and increased by a significant 15% in MT-/- mice. There was no increase in hepatic Zn (dry wt.) concentrations or in total hepatic Zn, demonstrating that the increase in cytosolic Zn in MT-/- mice was due to hepatic water loss rather than net Zn uptake. It appears that even at extreme plasma concentrations of Zn, little if any accumulates within the liver when there is no MT available for its sequestration. That this is not fully demonstrated in vitro is probably due to nature of cell culture, where organ architecture is lost and the external protein binding milieu is less complex.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and its isoenzymes

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Adeniyi ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Alkaline

1. Zinc deficiency in young rats reduced both the total alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and Zn concentration in serum, kidney, small intestine and femur.2. Addition of 0.01 mM-exogenous Zn had no greater activating effect with extracts of kidney, small intestine and femur from Zn-deficient than control rats, indicating that the main effect of the deficiency was on the amount of enzyme present rather than the efficiency of its operation. Exogenous Zn increased the activity of enzyme in serum of Zn-deficient rats, but it was still lower than in the serum of control animals.3. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel separated the alkaline phosphatase activity from all tissues into two bands. The bands had similar electrophoretic mobilities and appeared to be qualitatively identical in corresponding tissues from Zn-deficient and control rats.4. Zn deficiency eliminated the first band found in serum from control rats and it had selective effects on the activity of individual bands in other tissues. The major inhibitory effect was on the first bands of enzyme activity in kidney and femur, but in small intestine only the second band was affected. In liver the activity of the first band was increased and that of the second band decreased by similar amounts.

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