scholarly journals Absorption of iron from maize (Zea maysL.) and soya beans (Glycine hispidaMax.) in Jamaican infants

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
P. F. Milner ◽  
J. C. Waterlow ◽  
R. B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Apparently Healthy

1. The absorption of iron from59Fe-labelled maize and soya-bean preparations was measured by whole-body counting in forty-two apparently healthy Jamaican infants and compared with the absorption of ferrous ascorbate.2. The mean absorption of Fe from maize was 4·3% and from soya beans baked at 300°, 9·4%, compared with 28·5% for ferrous ascorbate. In a group of children given boiled soya beans the mean absorption of Fe was 2·8%, and of ferrous ascorbate 16·7%.3. There was much variability between replicate tests made on the same child at intervals of 1–2 weeks.4. The absorption of food Fe was not increased in children who were considered to be anaemic (haemoglobin less than 100 g/l) or Fe-deficient (serum Fe less than 500 μg/l and saturation of total Fe-binding capacity less than 15%).5. The poor availability of Fe in maize meal, which is a staple food of children in Jamaica, is probably an important cause of the high prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia.

scholarly journals Iron fortification of dried skim milk and maize–soya-bean–milk mixture (CSM): availability of iron in Jamaican infants

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
Yvette March
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk Mixture

1. The availability of iron added to dried skim milk and to maize–soya-bean–milk mixture (CSM) was measured by whole-body counting in thirty clinically healthy children and compared with the availability of Fe from ferrous ascorbate alone.2. The mean absorption of Fe added as ferrous sulphate to a test meal of dried skim milk was 9·5% when the test meal was given as a sweetened drink. When maize meal was added to the dried skim milk to produce a porridge the mean absorption of the supplementary Fe was reduced to 6·3%. The mean absorption of Fe given as ferrous ascorbate alone was 59·6%.3. These results differed from those reported for indirect tests done with animals in which the absorption of inorganic Fe added to milk-based feed preparations for infants was substantially greater than that of dietary Fe.4. The mean absorption of Fe added as ferrous fumarate to a test meal of maize–soya-bean–milk mixture was 6·0%, whereas that of Fe given as ferrous ascorbate alone was 63·5%.5. The amount of supplementary Fe added to maize–soya-bean–milk mixture (USA Department of Agriculture specification) was considered to be adequate.

scholarly journals An animal model to study iron availability from human diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Narasinga Rao ◽  
J. Siva Prasad ◽  
C. Vijaya Sarathy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Retention Ratio ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting

1. The retention of ferric- and ferrous-iron was determined in guinea-pigs and monkeys using55Fe and59Fe.2. The bioavailability of Fe from two typical Indian diets based on rice and wheat was determined in humans and monkeys using a59Fe tracer and whole-body counting.3. The retention ratio, ferric-Fe; ferrous-Fe was 0.90 in guinea-pigs and 0.33 in monkeys, indicating that monkeys absorb ferrous-Fe preferentially.4. In monkeys retention of Fe from the test diets, as from ferrous ascorbate was lower than that in humans.5. When food-Fe retention was expressed in relation to inorganic-Fe retention the value for retention ratio, food Fe: inorganic Fe in monkeys was similar to that in human subjects.6. The results indicate that the monkey can be used as a model to study Fe absorption from human diets.

Comparison of Stable Isotopes and Radioisotopes in the Measurement of Iron Absorption in Healthy Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon F. R. Barrett ◽  
Paul G Whittaker ◽  
John D. Fenwick ◽  
John G. Williams ◽  
Tom Lind
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Body Counting

1. Stable isotope methods are being used to investigate the absorption of dietary iron. In order to be certain that this new methodology is accurate, we have compared results obtained using stable isotopes and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with those determined using a radioisotope and whole body counting. 2. The stable isotope 54Fe (2.8 mg) was given to 10 healthy non-pregnant women. Six women received the isotope in aqueous form, and four took it with a meat meal. The 54Fe served as a carrier for 10 ng of the radioisotope 59Fe. An ampoule (200 μg) of the isotope 57Fe or 58Fe was then given intravenously, and in serum samples taken over the next 10 h the ratios of the stable iron isotopes were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the oral iron absorption was calculated. This was then compared with the results obtained by using a whole body counter to measure (on day 0 and day 14) the γ-activity emitted by the radioisotope. 3. The mean iron absorption measured by both methods ranged from 8% to 45%. Measurement of the post-absorptive serum enrichment of the stable isotopes provided estimates of absorption from both aqueous and food iron which were similar to that yielded by whole body counting, the mean difference being −1.5% (95% confidence interval −5.2 to 2.1%). Absorption estimated by stable isotopes exhibited the same inverse relationship with the serum ferritin level (body iron stores) to that known to exist with whole body counting. Similar estimates of food iron absorption were obtained irrespective of the type of isotope used as an extrinsic label, implying that stable isotopes are as valid as radioisotopes in reflecting intrinsic food iron absorption. 4. This study validates the use of stable isotopes and post-absorption curves as a new and accurate technique in the measurement of iron absorption.

Studies of Calcium Absorption in Man Using a CD-2 Whole-Body Counter

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
K. Bakos ◽  
Věra Wernischová
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Calcium Malabsorption ◽  
Whole Body Counting

SummaryWhole-body counting makes an important contribution of radioisotope techniques to ȁEin vivo“ absorption studies, in comparison with other methods. In a large number of subjects, the method was tested for its usefulness in the diagnosis of calcium malabsorption. The effects of drugs, of the calcium load in the gut and of the whole-body content of calcium on the absorption process were studied in a control group.

A Modified Chair Geometry for Whole Body Counting

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
S. C. Jain ◽  
G. C. Bhola ◽  
A. Nagaratnam ◽  
M. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Buddha

SummaryIn the Marinelli chair, a geometry widely used in whole body counting, the lower part of the leg is seen quite inefficiently by the detector. The present paper describes an attempt to modify the standard chair geometry to minimise this limitation. The subject sits crossed-legged in the “Buddha Posture” in the standard chair. Studies with humanoid phantoms and a volunteer sitting in the Buddha posture show that this modification brings marked improvement over the Marinelli chair both from the point of view of sensitivity and uniformity of spatial response.

Body potassium by four-pi 40K counting: an anthropometric correction

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. F234-F239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pierson ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. C. Thornton ◽  
T. B. Van Itallie ◽  
E. W. Colt
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting

Four-pi whole body counting for the 1.46 meV photon of 40K has apparent advantages over single-crystal or two-pi counters in efficiency and in subject geometry independence. However, our studies of obese populations have disclosed a systematic undermeasurement of 40K, suggesting that nonhomogeneous K distribution results in systematic undercounting of 40K. In the current study 42K, emitting a 1.52 meV photon, was used in 109 volunteers ranging from 50 to 181 kg, and multiregression covariance analysis was applied to develop correction formulas based on anthropometrics. These corrections quantitatively account for the unappreciated loss of 40K and 42K photons in annular adipose tissue that surrounds the lean body, in which most K+ is concentrated. The correction ranges from 1 to 28% and is a linear (although different) function of weight in both sexes. Thus corrected, body potassium measurements, taken in conjunction with exchangeable sodium and water measurements, provide estimates for whole body osmolality that match measured serum values. Such a quantitative accounting for previously "lost" cation in 58 subjects provides independent evidence for the appropriateness and accuracy of the correction. With this correction, body potassium was recalculated in the 1,492 adult members of a previously reported group of 3,083 subjects.

Whole Body Counting of Vitamin B12 58Co Absorption Supplemented by Profile Scanning

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
N. D. C. Finlayson ◽  
J. D. Simpson ◽  
D. J. C. Shearman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting
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