scholarly journals Iron fortification of dried skim milk and maize–soya-bean–milk mixture (CSM): availability of iron in Jamaican infants

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
Yvette March
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk Mixture

1. The availability of iron added to dried skim milk and to maize–soya-bean–milk mixture (CSM) was measured by whole-body counting in thirty clinically healthy children and compared with the availability of Fe from ferrous ascorbate alone.2. The mean absorption of Fe added as ferrous sulphate to a test meal of dried skim milk was 9·5% when the test meal was given as a sweetened drink. When maize meal was added to the dried skim milk to produce a porridge the mean absorption of the supplementary Fe was reduced to 6·3%. The mean absorption of Fe given as ferrous ascorbate alone was 59·6%.3. These results differed from those reported for indirect tests done with animals in which the absorption of inorganic Fe added to milk-based feed preparations for infants was substantially greater than that of dietary Fe.4. The mean absorption of Fe added as ferrous fumarate to a test meal of maize–soya-bean–milk mixture was 6·0%, whereas that of Fe given as ferrous ascorbate alone was 63·5%.5. The amount of supplementary Fe added to maize–soya-bean–milk mixture (USA Department of Agriculture specification) was considered to be adequate.

scholarly journals Absorption of iron from maize (Zea maysL.) and soya beans (Glycine hispidaMax.) in Jamaican infants

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
P. F. Milner ◽  
J. C. Waterlow ◽  
R. B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Apparently Healthy

1. The absorption of iron from59Fe-labelled maize and soya-bean preparations was measured by whole-body counting in forty-two apparently healthy Jamaican infants and compared with the absorption of ferrous ascorbate.2. The mean absorption of Fe from maize was 4·3% and from soya beans baked at 300°, 9·4%, compared with 28·5% for ferrous ascorbate. In a group of children given boiled soya beans the mean absorption of Fe was 2·8%, and of ferrous ascorbate 16·7%.3. There was much variability between replicate tests made on the same child at intervals of 1–2 weeks.4. The absorption of food Fe was not increased in children who were considered to be anaemic (haemoglobin less than 100 g/l) or Fe-deficient (serum Fe less than 500 μg/l and saturation of total Fe-binding capacity less than 15%).5. The poor availability of Fe in maize meal, which is a staple food of children in Jamaica, is probably an important cause of the high prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia.

scholarly journals Iron availability from peas (Pisum sativurn) and bread containing added pea testa in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait ◽  
A. J. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Body Counting

1. Iron retention in adult male rats given 3 g dried ground peas, immature and mature (Pisum sarivum cv Dark-skin perfection) and leafless (Pisum sativum cv Filby), extrinsically labelled with 0.25 μCi 58Fe, was measured by whole-body counting. The Fe was less well absorbed (P < 0.01) from the mature peas (0.251 (SE 0.021)) than from the immature (0.384 (SE 0, 032)) or leafless peas (0.344 (SE 0.026)).2. The availability of Fe from the leafless peas was compared with that of defatted soya-bean flour by the same technique. Significantly more Fe (P < 0.005) was retained from the pea flour (0.471 (SE 0.013)) than from the soya-bean flour (0.377 (SE 0.022)).3. The effect of adding pea testa to bread (97.6 g/kg dry weight), as in the production of high-fibre white bread, on Fe availability was measured and compared with the availability of ferrous sulphate in young and adult male rats. There were no significant differences between the high-fibre and low-fibre breads in either age-group, although the older rats absorbed less Fe from all three sources. Retention from high-fibre bread, low-fibre bread and FeSO4 was as follows (mean with SE): young rats 0.452 (0.037), 0.475 (0.040) 0.541 (0.032); mature rats 0.363 (0.034), 0.366 (0.030), 0.471 (0.028).4. It was concluded that the addition of pea testa to white bread does not have a detrimental effect on Fe availability. Immature and leafless peas appear to be a better source of available Fe than soya-bean flour, despite similar fibre levels, but with maturity the Fe in peas is rendered less available.

Absorption of Copper in Homozygotes and Heterozygotes for Wilson's Disease and Controls: Isotope Tracer Studies with 67Cu and 64Cu

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Strickland ◽  
W. M. Beckner ◽  
Mei-Ling Leu
Keyword(s):  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Mean

1. Absorption of copper was determined by the simultaneous administration of 64Cu orally and 67Cu intravenously to six patients with Wilson's disease (WD), eighteen of their parents and siblings, four normal subjects and three subjects with cirrhosis of the liver. Absorption was calculated by three methods: (1) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu body retention at 3 and 4 days as determined by whole-body counting; (2) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu at 3 and 4 days as determined by faecal excretion; and (3) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu plasma radioactivity 6–24 h after administration. 2. The total-body counting and faecal methods for determining copper absorption agreed with each other, demonstrating that the normal absorption of copper is 40–70% (mean 56%) of the dose and that absorption is not influenced by cirrhosis of the liver, age or sex; but it appears to be inversely related to the amount of carrier copper. The absorption of copper in both homozygotes and heterozygotes for WD did not differ significantly from that of the control subjects. Therefore, the increased body burden of copper in WD does not appear to be due to over absorption, but rather to decreased biliary excretion of copper.

scholarly journals A preliminary simulated iron fortification trial in South Indian preschool children

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Pereira ◽  
Almas Begum ◽  
V. I. Mathan ◽  
S. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

1. The effect of fortification of food with iron to provide 10 mg elemental Fe/child per d was studied in preschool children maintained on a cereal diet, over a 5-month period.2. The absorption of 5 mg Fe as ferrous sulphate mixed in one meal was 3.3% of the test dose and when 3.3 mg was given with each of three meals over a 2 d period the corresponding value was 4.8%.3. The mean absorption of a test dose of ferrous ascorbate studied in twenty-four children midway through the trial was 42%.4. The only beneficial effect of Fe fortification in this time-period in the experimental group was the prevention of the decrease in packed cell volume which occurred in the control group.

scholarly journals An animal model to study iron availability from human diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Narasinga Rao ◽  
J. Siva Prasad ◽  
C. Vijaya Sarathy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Retention Ratio ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting

1. The retention of ferric- and ferrous-iron was determined in guinea-pigs and monkeys using55Fe and59Fe.2. The bioavailability of Fe from two typical Indian diets based on rice and wheat was determined in humans and monkeys using a59Fe tracer and whole-body counting.3. The retention ratio, ferric-Fe; ferrous-Fe was 0.90 in guinea-pigs and 0.33 in monkeys, indicating that monkeys absorb ferrous-Fe preferentially.4. In monkeys retention of Fe from the test diets, as from ferrous ascorbate was lower than that in humans.5. When food-Fe retention was expressed in relation to inorganic-Fe retention the value for retention ratio, food Fe: inorganic Fe in monkeys was similar to that in human subjects.6. The results indicate that the monkey can be used as a model to study Fe absorption from human diets.

Comparison of Stable Isotopes and Radioisotopes in the Measurement of Iron Absorption in Healthy Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon F. R. Barrett ◽  
Paul G Whittaker ◽  
John D. Fenwick ◽  
John G. Williams ◽  
Tom Lind
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Body Counting

1. Stable isotope methods are being used to investigate the absorption of dietary iron. In order to be certain that this new methodology is accurate, we have compared results obtained using stable isotopes and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with those determined using a radioisotope and whole body counting. 2. The stable isotope 54Fe (2.8 mg) was given to 10 healthy non-pregnant women. Six women received the isotope in aqueous form, and four took it with a meat meal. The 54Fe served as a carrier for 10 ng of the radioisotope 59Fe. An ampoule (200 μg) of the isotope 57Fe or 58Fe was then given intravenously, and in serum samples taken over the next 10 h the ratios of the stable iron isotopes were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the oral iron absorption was calculated. This was then compared with the results obtained by using a whole body counter to measure (on day 0 and day 14) the γ-activity emitted by the radioisotope. 3. The mean iron absorption measured by both methods ranged from 8% to 45%. Measurement of the post-absorptive serum enrichment of the stable isotopes provided estimates of absorption from both aqueous and food iron which were similar to that yielded by whole body counting, the mean difference being −1.5% (95% confidence interval −5.2 to 2.1%). Absorption estimated by stable isotopes exhibited the same inverse relationship with the serum ferritin level (body iron stores) to that known to exist with whole body counting. Similar estimates of food iron absorption were obtained irrespective of the type of isotope used as an extrinsic label, implying that stable isotopes are as valid as radioisotopes in reflecting intrinsic food iron absorption. 4. This study validates the use of stable isotopes and post-absorption curves as a new and accurate technique in the measurement of iron absorption.

scholarly journals The effect of ‘fibre-filler’ (F-plan diet) on iron, zinc and calcium absorption in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tail ◽  
A. J. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fibre Filler ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Zn Availability

1. The availability of iron, zinc and calcium in a diet containing 400 g ‘fibre-filler’ (a mixture of bran, fruit and nuts, used in the F-plan diet)/kg diet (HF diet) was measured by whole-body counting in rats, using 59Fe, 66Zn and 47Ca as extrinsic labels, and compared with a diet of similar mineral content but no ‘fibre-filler’ (LF diet). Absorption of Fe and Ca was significantly higher from the HF than from the LF diet but there was no difference in Zn availability between the two diets.2. The ability of rats given LF or HF diets for 3 or 28 d to absorb Fe, Zn and Ca was measured using ferrous sulphate, zinc chloride and calcium chloride in a cooked starch-sucrose (1: 1 w/w) paste, extrinsically-labelled with the appropriate isotope. There was no difference in Fe absorption between the HF- and LF-fed groups but both Zn and Ca absorption were higher in LF- than in HF-fed animals after 3 and 28 d.3. The mineral status of the animals given HF or LF diets for 28 d was examined, and there were no differences in blood haemoglobin, liver and bone Zn and plasma and bone Ca levels. The total liver Fe was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the HF-fed animals.4. It was concluded that ‘fibre-filler’did not have an adverse effect on Fe, Zn or Ca metabolism in rats although the long-term effect on Fe status warrants more detailed investigation. Further work is required to extend these studies to man.

Mono ferrous acid citrate (FeC6O7H2O) as an iron fortificant

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Narasinga Rao ◽  
Soonita Kathoke ◽  
S. V. Apte
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ferrous Citrate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Whole Body Counting

1. Iron absorption from ferrous citrate (monoferrous acid citrate, FeC6H6O7H2O) was studied in normal healthy male and female volunteers using ferrous citrate labelled with radioactive Fe and whole-body counting. Ferrous citrate was either given alone or with a rice-based meal.2. Fe absorption from ferrous citrate was satisfactory and was comparable to that from ferrous sulphate.3. Fortification of crude cooking salt with ferrous citrate was not satisfactory due to colour development on storage. Ferrous citrate can, however, serve as an effective Fe fortificant with sugar or wheat flour.

Studies of Calcium Absorption in Man Using a CD-2 Whole-Body Counter

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
K. Bakos ◽  
Věra Wernischová
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Calcium Malabsorption ◽  
Whole Body Counting

SummaryWhole-body counting makes an important contribution of radioisotope techniques to ȁEin vivo“ absorption studies, in comparison with other methods. In a large number of subjects, the method was tested for its usefulness in the diagnosis of calcium malabsorption. The effects of drugs, of the calcium load in the gut and of the whole-body content of calcium on the absorption process were studied in a control group.

A Simple Method for the Evaluation of Internal Doses in Nuclear Medicine

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.

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