scholarly journals Effects of isocaloric exchange of dietary sucrose and starch on fasting serum lipids, postprandial insulin secretion and alimentary lipaemia in human subjects

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Mann ◽  
A. S. Truswell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

1. Fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride, and post prandial insulin secretion and lipaemia were measured in human subjects in a metabolic ward, who were given an ordinary diet (diet 1) in which the sucrose was isocalorically replaced by starch (diet 2) or vice versa. The subjects were nine healthy normolipaemic adult males. In eight of these subjects the effect of sucrose calorie reduction (diet 3) on fasting serum lipids was also studied.2. When starch replaced sucrose, there were no singnificant differences in fasting serum lipid concentrations or immunoreactive insulin or in the insulin response and alimentary lipaemia after a standard mixed breakfast.3. Serum triglyceride concentration fell and cholesterol concentration rose during the period of sucrose (and calorie) restriction.4. After lunch and supper on the first two diets (when different carbohydrates were given) the lipaemic response was larger and the insulin response smaller after meals containing sucrose.5. Thus, there was no difference between concentrations of fasting serum lipids when starch replaced sucrose at 23% total calories, but the concentrations of serum triglycerides were higher after individual mixed meals containing sucrose.6. There were no significant differences in the fatty acid patterns of serum lipids on the different diets.

scholarly journals Validity of animal models for the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee diterpenes in human subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baukje de Roos ◽  
Janet K. Sawyer ◽  
Martijn B. Katan ◽  
Lawrence L. Rudel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Green Monkeys

Cafestol and kahweol, coffee lipids present in unfiltered coffee brews, potently increase LDL-cholesterol concentration in human subjects. We searched for an animal species in which cafestol similarly increases LDL-cholesterol. Such an animal model could be used subsequently as a model to study the mechanism of action of cafestol and kahweol. Cafestol and kahweol increased serum lipids in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), cebus (Cebus apella) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys, hamsters, rats and gerbils differently from the increase in human subjects. In African green monkeys, the rise in total cholesterol was less pronounced than that in human subjects. In addition, the increase in total cholesterol was predominantly due to a rise in HDL-cholesterol rather than LDL-cholesterol. Thus, the rise in plasma lipids might illustrate the mechanism in these monkeys rather than the mechanism in human subjects. In other animal species, cafestol and kahweol did not raise cholesterol consistently. The variability in effects on serum lipids could not be explained by the mode of administration or dose of diterpenes, nor by the amount of cholesterol in the diet. In conclusion, we did not find an animal model in which cafestol and kahweol elevate plasma lipoproteins to the same extent as in human subjects. For the time being, therefore, studies on the mechanism of action should be done preferably in human subjects.

EFFECT OF PIPERAZINE OESTRONE SULPHATE ON SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Isaacs ◽  
C. W. H. Havard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

ABSTRACT Twenty menopausal women and 2 women with gonadal dysgenesis were treated with piperazine oestrone sulphate 1.5–3 mg daily on a cyclical basis for a period of 6 months. Fasting serum lipids and lipoprotein esterified fatty acid indices (EFI) were estimated before starting treatment and after 3 and 6 months. There were small falls in serum cholesterol (significant at 3 months) and beta-lipoprotein EFI (significant at 6 months). Serum triglyceride and pre-beta-lipoprotein EFI rose significantly at both 3 and 6 months. Serum total phospholipid levels were reduced (significant at 6 months) with most marked changes in the sphingomyelin fraction. Other parameters were not significantly altered.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol levels with Hypertension in Adult Female

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Nahid Yeasmin ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽  
Sayeeda Mahmuda ◽  
Sharmin Nahar ◽  
Mahmuda Abira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Female Subjects

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most widespread medical disorder in female and its complications are increasing all over the world, leading to life threatening medical problems like cardiovascular diseases, stroke and peripheral vascular diseases. An association between hyperlipidemia and hypertension has been identified. The study was carried out to observe the association of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol level with hypertension in adult female subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. A total number of sixty female subjects were selected with age ranging from 30 to 50 years. Among them 30 female subjects with hypertension were included from the out-patient department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka as study group (B) and 30 apparently healthy females were taken as control group (A) for comparison. Estimation of fasting serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were done by enzymatic method in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College Dhaka in both groups. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of all participants were recorded by standard method. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s- test and Pearson's correlation co-efficient (r) test as applicable. The values of fasting serum TG level were significantly higher in subjects with hypertension than those of control. Fasting serum TC level was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension in comparison to controls also. In subjects with hypertension fasting serum TG and fasting serum TC levels were higher and showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Present study revealed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure has positive relationship with fasting serum triglyceride (TG) and fasting serum cholesterol (TC) levels. Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 35-39

scholarly journals Tyramine-Mediated Activation of Sympathetic Nerves Inhibits Insulin Secretion in Humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 4035-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Gilliam ◽  
Jerry P. Palmer ◽  
Gerald J. Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Inhibit Insulin Secretion

Abstract Context: Older studies have shown that high doses of norepinephrine infused into human subjects can inhibit insulin secretion. Similar inhibition during electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves in animals raises the possibility that the suppression of insulin secretion seen in humans could reflect a physiological effect of sympathetic nerves on islet β-cells. However, a direct test of the hypothesis that moderate and selective activation of these nerves is sufficient to inhibit insulin secretion in humans is lacking. Objective: We sought to test this hypothesis by releasing moderate amounts of endogenous norepinephrine selectively from the sympathetic nerves of normal human subjects by infusing them with low doses of the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine. Methods: During a single study visit, 11 healthy subjects received iv injections of arginine either alone or in combination with a low-dose tyramine infusion. Physiological (blood pressure) and biochemical (insulin, glucose, and norepinephrine) parameters were measured. Results: The acute insulin response to arginine was significantly reduced during tyramine compared with that seen in the absence of tyramine (P = 0.036). Conclusions: These data suggest that moderate and selective activation of sympathetic nerves inhibits insulin release in humans.

scholarly journals Effect of sex hormones on fasting serum triglycerides in baboons given high-sucrose diets

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M Coltart ◽  
I Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
High Sucrose

1. The incorporation of [14C]sucrose in to serum triglyceride was shown to increase in both male and female baboons after a period of high sucrose intake. During the same period of high sucrose intake there was an increase in the fasting serum triglyceride concentration of the male baboons but not of the females.2. When the male baboons were given a parenteral oestrogen preparation in addition to the sucrose diet the increase in fasting serum triglycerides was greatly reduced but there was little alteration in the extent of the incorporation of sucrose into serum triglyceride compared to that with the diet and no oestrogen.3. A parenteral testosterone preparation given to the female baboons in addition to sucrose diet had no effect on either the extent of incorporation of sucrose into triglyceride the fasting serum concentrations of triglyceride.4. The findings suggest that the differing patterns of fasting triglyceride response in the male and female baboons to the sucrose diet may have resulted from oestrogen enhancing the removal of triglyceride from the serum of the female animals.

The Response of Rat Serum Lipids to Diets of Varying Composition or Contaminated with Organochlorine Pesticides

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinrad Boll ◽  
Lutz W. D. Weber ◽  
Andreas Stampfl
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract The effects of different diets (high carbohydrate, high protein, high fat) and diets contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and/or γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) on the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids were investigated in Wistar rats. Serum triglyceride levels differed significantly among the diets, while those of cholesterol and phospholipids were much less affected by the diet composition. A change in diet composition resulted in a gradual adaptation to the lipid levels characteristic of the new diet with major variations including oscillations. There was, however, no specific component of a diet that could be associated with any specific change in serum lipids. While feed deprivation decreased the serum lipids (40-65% in 3 days), refeeding the starved animals caused pronounced increases of the lipids that were different among the diets. The response of the triglyceride levels was the strongest (up to 10 times the starvation levels) followed by those of the phospholipids (4-fold) and cholesterol (2.5-fold). Response of the triglyceride levels peaked within 1 or 2 days of refeeding, whereas those of cholesterol and phospholipids took 4 days to reach the maximum. Feeding PCB-contaminated diets increased the serum lipids in a dose-dependent manner (15-250 ppm). Higher PCB concentrations were increasingly inhibitory (350 ppm) or overtly toxic (> 400 ppm). Elevated lipids returned to the starting levels immediately after peaking (triglycerides) or only after several days (cholesterol, phospholipids) but with an earlier onset at lower PCB concentrations. Refeeding starved animals with PCB- contaminated diets also increased the serum lipids dose-dependently. Feeding lindane-containing diets (50-150 ppm) as well as refeeding animals with lindane diets resulted in a considerable increase of the triglyceride levels, while cholesterol and phospohlipids increased much less. Higher lindane concentrations ( 250 ppm) were inhibitory. The outcome on serum lipid levels on feeding diets contaminated with both PCBs and lindane was basically additive.

Cephalic phase of insulin secretion and food stimulation in humans: a new perspective

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. E639-E645 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bellisle ◽  
J. Louis-Sylvestre ◽  
F. Demozay ◽  
D. Blazy ◽  
J. Le Magnen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Test Situation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Response ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Spontaneous Oscillations ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Food Stimulation

Insulinemia and glycemia were measured at a 1-min interval at the hour of a lunch meal in human subjects. When no food was presented to naive subjects (n = 4), cyclic oscillations of insulinemia were found (period, 12-20 min; amplitude, 2.8-10.3 microU/ml). It is proposed that these spontaneous oscillations must be taken into consideration when evaluating the insulin response on cephalic contact with food stimuli; they might otherwise constitute a source of artifacts. Four subjects were then submitted to a series of four test meals scheduled at a 1-wk interval. Although their prandial glycemia remained comparable with preprandial values for the first 16 min of the meals, insulinemia often exhibited early peaks (within a few min after meal onset) whose amplitude appeared related to palatability conditions. Evidence suggests that the insulin peaks triggered by cephalic stimulation are Pavlovian reflexes that become conditioned to the test situation. A typical neuroendocrine response to alimentary frustration is also described. The results are discussed in perspective with animal works, in terms of the effects of neuroendocrine events on feeding behavior.

scholarly journals Effects on liver and serum lipids of dietary supplements of methionine and excess lysine given to previously-starved rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoritaka Aoyama ◽  
Kazuhiro Sakaida ◽  
Akira Yoshida ◽  
Kiyoshi Ashida
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Maize Oil

1. The addition of lysine hydrochloride (50 g/kg) to a diet supplemented with methionine (3 g/kg) had no effect on liver lipids when rats (Wistar and Sprague-Dawley) were fed ad lib. for 14 d. However, refeeding a diet supplemented with methionine and excess lysine hydrochloride to previously-starved rats (Wistar) for 6, 7 or 9 d, but not 3 or 4 d, resulted in liver lipid accumulation, mainly triglycerides, which was prevented by the addition of arginine, citrulline, ornithine, adenine, allopurinol or maize oil, but not by guanine, cytosine, thymine or uracil.2. The addition of lysine hydrochloride to a methionine-supplemented diet resulted in reduced serum triglyceride levels after refeeding for 3 or 4 d and reduced serum cholesterol levels after refeeding for 3, 4 or 6 d. Serum lipids were unaffected by refeeding the diets for 7 or 9 d.3. Since hepatic lipid accumulation was preceded by the decline in the level of serum triglycerides, one of the factors responsible for lipid accumulation in the liver might be reduced transport of triglycerides from the liver into the blood.4. When adenine and allopurinol were added to the diet supplemented with methionine and lysine hydrochloride refed for 4 d, there was an increase in serum triglycerides. However, when this diet was refed for 7 d, with the addition of arginine, citrulline, guanine, pyrimidine bases, allopurinol or maize oil, no effects on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed.

No Evidence for Short-Term Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Activity by Insulin in Man

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Vuorinen-Markkola ◽  
llpo Puhakainen ◽  
Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryIn crossectional studies a positive correlation has been found between circulating insulin, triglycerides and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity. To directly examine the effect of insulin on PAI-1 activity in vivo, we determined the response of PAI-1 activity in 17 normal subjects to acute hyperinsulinemia (serum free insulin 92 ± 8 mU/l) during maintenance of normoglycemia (plasma glucose 5.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l). In 12 matched control subjects PAI-1 activity was measured during infusion of saline (serum free insulin 3.6 ± 0.3 mU/l, plasma glucose 5.2 ± 0.1 mmol/l). Plasma PAI-1 activity decreased during the insulin infusion from 9.0 α 1.4 to 5.6 α 0.8 U/ml (p <0.01), and during saline infusion from 7.0 ± 1.4 to 4.3 ± 0.6 U/ml (p <0.05). Serum triglyceride concentrations decreased from 1.09 ± 0.20 to 0.76 ± 0.09 mmol/l (p < 0.001) during hyperinsulinemia but remained unchanged during the saline infusion (1.04 ± 0.11 vs. 1.02 ± 0.12 mmol/l, NS). We conclude that insulin does not acutely change plasma PAI-1 activity, and that acute insulin-induced changes in serum triglycerides occur independently from those of PAI-1 activity.

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