scholarly journals A study of the effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different mineral content but with the same low ratio of calcium to phosphorus

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Different Levels

1.Eight groups of weanling rats were maintained for 60 days on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 0·1 at four different levels of mineral, namely 0·08, 0·12, 0·23 and 0·32% Ca, and in the presence and absence of added ergocalciferol.2. Provision of vitamin D increased final body-weight, whereas at the highest mineral intake body-weight was reduced.3. At each level of dietary mineral the serum Ca concentration was raised by vitamin D, whilst the serum P concentration was lowered except when the mineral intake was lowest.4. With increasing mineral intake the serum Ca increased until at the highest intake it declined. Serum P was increased only at the highest mineral intake.5. Measurements were made of bone weights, ash content and volume. Provision of vitamin D increased the fresh weight of bone at all levels of dietary mineral, and the dry weight and ash content were increased except at the lowest level of mineral intake. In general, the higher the dietary mineral the greater was the bone weight and its ash content.6. The presence of vitamin D resulted in an increase in tooth mass and ash content at each level of mineral intake. Tooth mass and ash increased with increasing dietary mineral except at the highest level when there was a decline.7. At the lower levels of mineral intake the ratio of tooth mass to bone mass was greater than at the higher levels of intake.8. Histological examination of the bones revealed no increase in the width of the epiphyseal cartilage in any group. In the group with the lowest levels of Ca and P without vitamin D (0·08% Ca, 0·8% P) the shafts of the femurs appeared thinner and porotic, and the trabeculae were thin; in the group fed the same diets supplemented with vitamin D the shafts were even thinner but less porotic; in all other groups the histological appearance of the bone was within normal limits.9. Changes in the appearance of the dentine were demonstrated in all groups.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different mineral content but with the same calcium to phosphorus ratio of unity

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Different Levels

1. Eight groups of ten weanling rats were maintained for 60 d on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 1:1 (w/w) at four different levels of mineral, namely 0.08, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36% Ca, with and without the addition of ergocalciferol.2. Provision of vitamin D increased final body-weight except at the highest level of mineral intake. Similarly, increasing the mineral intake increased final body-weight except at the highest level.3. Vitamin D raised the serum Ca concentration at all levels of mineral intake but in the experiment as a whole had no significant effect on serum P concentration. Serum Ca concentration was significantly higher at the two higher levels of mineral intake than at the two lower levels. Increasing dietary mineral caused a progressive increase in serum P concentration, except at the highest level of intake.4. In general, the addition of vitamin D to the diets had no effect on the fresh or dry weights of the humeri; there was an indication, however, that at the two lower levels of mineral intake, vitamin D reduced the fresh weight of bone. The addition of the vitamin caused a reduction in bone volume, and an increase in bone length, bone ash and the ratio of the weight of ash to the weight of organic matter in dry, fat-free bone. With increasing dietary mineral there was an increase in the value of all the bone measurements except bone volume, which was decreased.5. The addition of vitamin D and increasing dietary mineral both caused an increase in tooth mass and ash content.6. The ratios of tooth mass to bone mass, and tooth ash to bone ash were unaffected by vitamin D, but decreased with increasing mineral intake.7. Histological examination of the bones showed that the animals receiving 0.08 % of Ca and P were markedly rachitic although the presence of vitamin D ameliorated the condition. When the dietary mineral intake was raised to 0.12% Ca and P the animals were less severely rachitic and in the presence of vitamin D the bones appeared normal.8. The incisor teeth were abnormal at the two lower levels of mineral intake, but when vitamin D was provided, the histological appearance was improved. When the Ca and P level in the diet was 0.24%, the incisal dentine appeared normal but the apical predentine was slightlywider thannormal; addition of vitamin D produced teeth of normal appearance. The incisor teeth were normal in appearance in the remaining groups.9. These results are compared with those obtained in two previous studies where the Ca to P ratios were 1:10 and 10:1 (Harrand & Hartles, 1968, 1969).

scholarly journals A study on the effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different calcium and phosphorus content but with the same high ratio of calcium to phosphorus

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

1. Eight groups of ten weanling rats were maintained for 60 days on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 10:1 at four different levels of mineral, namely 0.8, 1.19, 2.29 and 3.33% Ca.2. At the two lower levels of mineral intake the provision of vitamin D reduced final body-weight. Increasing the mineral intake increased final body-weight except at the highest level.3. Increasing the dietary mineral content had no effect on serum Ca, but serum P was higher in the groups receiving the two higher levels of dietary mineral. Vitamin D raised the serum Ca level in the rats receiving the two lower levels of mineral, and serum P was raised by the vitamin at all levels of mineral intake.4. Provision of vitamin D at the two lower levels of mineral intake decreased the fresh weight, dry weight and volume of the humerus but had no significant effect on the absolute amount of mineral ash in the bone. Consequentially there was an increase in percentage of ash, overall density and the ratio of weight of ash to organic matter in dry fat-free bone (A:R value). With increasing mineral intake there was an increase in all the bone measurements except volume.5. The presence of vitamin D had no effect on tooth mass or ash content. Increasing the mineral intake caused an increase in tooth mass and ash except at the highest level of intake.6. The ratio of tooth ash to bone ash was very much greater at the lower levels of mineral intake than at the higher levels.7. In the animals on the two lower levels of mineral intake the bones were frankly rachitic, and the presence of vitamin D ameliorated the condition. With increase in mineral intake histological signs of rickets were reduced, but even at the highest level of dietary mineral the epiphyseal discs appeared slightly wider than normal.8. The incisor teeth of animals on the two lower levels of dietary mineral had wide predentine, and the presence of vitamin D reduced the amount of predentine. At the two higher levels of mineral intake the dentine appeared normal when vitamin D was present in the diet.9. Quantitatively, the bones were much more affected than the teeth by a low intake of mineral at a Ca to P ratio of 10:1.

scholarly journals A study in the rat of the interaction between the effects of calcium and phosphorus content of the diet at two different levels and the presence or absence of vitamin D

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

1. Four groups of weanling rats were maintained on diets containing either 0.12% or 0.24% of both calcium and phosphorus, in the presence and absence of added ergocalciferol. 2. Increase in mineral intake or the provision of vitamin D increased the final body-weight, with a significant interaction between the two factors. 3. Serum Ca and P concentrations were raised significantly by both the vitamin and the increase in mineral intake without signi ficant interaction. 4. Measurements were made of bone and tooth weights and ash values and of the length of the humeri. For only two measurements was there any interaction between the effect of vitamin D and increase in mineral intake, namely the length of the humeri, and their ash values expressed as a percentage of the dry fat-free weight. 5. It is concluded that in relation to the amount of mineral deposited, the incisor tooth is more resistant to nutritional stress than is the bone.

scholarly journals Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Foltyn ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
I. Šafařík ◽  
A. Lohniský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of extruded full-fat soybean (EFFSB) in the diet on growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in digesta of broilers was determined. In the first experiment, two-hundred sixty ROSS 308 male chickens were used to investigate the effect of EFFSB on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in the digesta and AIAAD. Five dietary treatments were used, containing 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. The inclusion of EFFSB at the level of 160 g/kg in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased final body weight (2443 g in 0 group vs. 2093 in 160 group) and worsened feed efficiency. AIAAD was lower when diet contained more than 40 g/kg EFFSB. But at the level of 160 g/kg AIAAD increased in several amino acids (threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine). Trypsin activity increased with increasing EFFSB in the diets. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in AIAAD between groups 80, 120, and 160. Villus height (groups 0: 966.2; 4: 852.1; 8: 792.6; 12: 836.3; 16: 926.7 µm) and crypt depth (groups 0: 160.1; 4: 134.8; 8: 122.9; 12: 129.5; 16: 134.6 µm) of ileum decreased with inclusion of EFFSB in the diet, but villi/crypt ratio increased. In the second experiment, male chickens ROSS 308 were divided into 4 groups with 2 replicates per 100 chicks each. The groups were fed 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. Final body weight (2594 g in 0 group vs. 2624 g in 120 group) was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the diet. The study showed that EFFSB at the level of 120 g/kg in grower broiler diet had no adverse effect on performance.  

scholarly journals PSX-29 Levels of hay and narasin inclusion on carcass characteristics and meat composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 455-455
Author(s):  
Lairana A Sardinha ◽  
Daniel M Polizel ◽  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
Arnaldo C Limede ◽  
José P R Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Meat Composition ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of narasin on carcass characteristics of lambs fed a diet containing different levels. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial body weight (BW), in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis). The experiment lasted 112 days. At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat composition. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to obtain the means. The effects were considered significant when P < 0.05. There was no interaction between forage levels and narasin inclusion. The experimental diets did not affect the slaughter BW (54.8 ± 1.6 kg), hot carcass weight (29.3 ± 0.96 kg), dressing percentage (53.5 ± 0.67%) and LM area (18.8 ± 0.89 cm2). The inclusion of narasin increased 12th-rib fat (2.10 vs 2.75 mm; P < 0.01) and BW thickness (16.9 vs 20.2 mm; P < 0.01). The inclusion of 20% of hay decreased BW thickness (19.21 vs 17.9 mm; P = 0.03). The experimental diets did not affect the moisture (74.2 ± 0.53%) and ash content in meat (1.27 ± 0.04%). Narasin inclusion increased the fat (2.81 vs 3.62%; P < 0.01) and decreased the CP (21.3 vs 20.7%; P = 0.02) in meat composition. The inclusion of 10% of hay increased the fat in meat (3.5 vs 2.9%; P = 0.03), however, did not affect the CP content. In conclusion, the narasin inclusion and levels of hay improve the carcass characteristics and change the meat composition.

scholarly journals Description And Composition Chemistry of Meat and Carapace (Thalasina Anomala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Tengku Muhammad Ghazali ◽  
Fillia R.G Sitinjak ◽  
Wahdi Simanullang
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Two Stages

Thalasina anomala is a type of shrimp that is generally found in the muddy areas of the mangrove area on the coast of the Selat Panjang. The purpose of this study was to obtain the chemical composition of meat and carapace and the rendemen of T. Anoma. Meat and carapace as raw material. This research method description and data analyzed statistically. In this study, there are two stages, namely preparation and rendement of body parts of rama shrimp and then proximate analysis of meat and carapace. Proximate test results from meat and carapace of successive shrimp are water content 76.58 %, 38.93 % gross weight (gw), protein content 81, 46 %, 10.12 % dry weight (dw) , fat content of 5.01% (dw), 2.36% (dw), ash content of 3.93% (bk), 73.96% (dw) and Carbohydrates 9.61% (dw), 14.62% (dw). This value shows that protein in meat is beneficial in food, while carapaces ash content shows the high mineral content

Effect of single neonatal vitamin D3 treatment (hormonal imprinting) on the bone mineralization of adult non-treated and dexamethasone treated rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cs Karabélyos ◽  
Cs Horváth ◽  
I Holló ◽  
G Csaba
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hormonal Imprinting ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Old Females

Hormonal imprinting (the first encounter between the hormone and receptor after birth) is needed for the normal development of receptor. Presence of the appropriate hormone in excess, or its absence, as well as presence of hormone-like molecules able to bind to the maturing receptor in this time, can cause faulty imprinting. In this experiment the effect of neonatal treatment with a single dose of 0.05 mg cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) was studied by bone densitometry. The treatment caused significant decrease of body weight in 3-month old females and also significant reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in males. Dexamethasone treatment of 3-month old rats for 10 days increased BMD in males and BMC in females without affecting body weight. The double treatment (vitamin D neonatally and dexamethasone when adult) decreased the body weight of both sexes and increased BMD in males, and BMC, BMD/bw and BMC/bw in both sexes, related to the control or the only vitamin D treated groups. Considering the hormonal imprinting effect of neonatal vitamin D treatment at glucocorticoid receptorial level in other experiments, similar effects also can be supposed for vitamin D itself, manifested in the changes of bone mineralization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ameliorative Effects of Spirulina in PropylthiouracilInduced Hyperlipidaemia, Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Eman M. Ragheb ◽  
Buthaina M. Aljehany
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Peroxidation Product

Background: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug widely used in the management of hyperthyroidism. The drug was observed to cause hepatitis and fulminant liver failure.Spirulinais documented to exhibit several therapeutic effectsincluding hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant activities. Objective: This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of Spirulina,and to examine its  ameliorative effects against PTU-induced hypothyroidism associated with hyperlipidemia, liver, and kidney toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out on 50 rats (5 groups, n = 10). Hypothyroidism was induced in 40 ratsvia injecting 10 mg/kg/day PTUfor 6 weeks. Results: The results of this study showed that Spirulina contains 57.30 % of its dry weight proteins while it contains only 8.2% of its dry weight fats. It contains several minerals and vitamins (E and β-carotene).Spirulina increases the final body weight, food intake, and body weight gain % values compared to PTU rats. The Alga increased FT3 and FT4 levels, while decrease TSH level compared to PTU rats. Spirulina significantly decreased serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and serum kidney function markers (creatinine and urea) compared to PTU rats. Besides, it reduced serum lipid profile markers (TC, TG, and LDL-C) and increased HDL-C. The Alga reduced the lipid peroxidation product and increased glutathione peroxidase concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the protective role of Spirulina versus PTU associated hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, hepatic, and nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant impact of Spirulina may elucidate its defensive effect against various PTU toxicities.

Medullary bone attributes in aged Lohmann LSL-lite layers fed different levels of calcium and top-dressed 25-hydroxy vitamin D3

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki ◽  
T. Heuthorst ◽  
A. Wornath-Vanhumbeck ◽  
M. Neijat ◽  
E. Kiarie
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Structural bone depletion over the course of lay cycle predisposes hens to skeletal problems. We investigated the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) and top-dressed 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) on attributes [relative weight, ash content (AC), and ash concentration (ACN)] in whole ulna, femur, tibia, and subparts of femur and tibia (epiphysis, medullary, and cortical) in 74-wk-old Lohmann LSL-lite layers. Four levels of Ca (3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, and 4.5%) and three levels of 25OHD3 (0, 69, and 138 μg kg−1) were tested. All diets had basal level of 3300 IU of vitamin D3 kg−1. Eighty-four, 74-wk-old hens were placed in individual cages, and 13 spare hens were sacrificed for baseline samples. Diets (n = 7) were fed to 81 wks of age, and hens were sacrificed for bone samples. There were no (P > 0.05) diet effects on whole bone attributes. Interaction (P < 0.05) between Ca and 25OHD3 on femur subparts was such that 25OHD3 linearly increased medullary ACN and concomitantly decreased cortical ACN at all Ca levels. In tibia, 25OHD3 (P < 0.05) increased AC and ACN in medullary and reduced these parameters in cortical. The results suggested that subparts and not whole medullary bone attributes are more amenable to dietary interventions in aged hens.

EFFECT OF DIETARY CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND VITAMIN D ON ZEARALENONE TOXICOSIS IN RATS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
T. K. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Three experiments were conducted to measure the effects of dietary vitamin D, phosphorus and calcium on zearalenone (Z) toxicosis in female weanling rats Experiments were of completely randomized design and were for 14 days. All diets were supplied to groups of 15 rats with or without 250 μg Z/g feed. Vitamin D was fed at 0, 555, 1113, 2225 and 4450 IU per kg diet. There was no significant correlation between dietary vitamin D level and feed consumption, feed efficiency, plasma phosphorus or plasma calcium. Final body weight was negatively correlated with dietary vitamin D for rats fed both levels of Z. Dietary phosphorus was supplied at 0.00, 0.23, 0.45, 0.91 and 1.40% and this resulted in curvilinear correlations between phosphorus and final body weight, feed consumption and feed efficiency. Plasma calcium concentration was negatively correlated with dietary phosphorus. A positive correlation was seen between dietary levels of phosphorus and plasma concentrations of phosphorus. Calcium was fed at 0, 0.25, 0.58, 1.00 and 2.00% but no effect of dietary calcium was seen on body weights or feed efficiencies, while feed consumption was correlated with dietary calcium but only for those rats fed Z. Plasma concentrations of calcium rose with dietary calcium while there was a simultaneous drop in plasma phosphorus concentration. The plasma changes were more pronounced in those rats fed Z. In all experiments, inclusion of Z in diets caused depressions in final body weight, feed consumption and feed efficiency compared to rats fed the same diet devoid of Z.

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