scholarly journals Vitamin E and stress

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Diplock ◽  
J. Green ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
M. A. Cawthorne ◽  
Jean Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Deficient Animal ◽  
Oxidative Reactions ◽  
Liver And Kidney

1. The effects of iron overloading and unsaturation of dietary lipid on the metabolism of α-tocopherol in the rat were studies.2. Young adult male vitamin E-deficient rats were given 1000 i.u. of vitamin A and 100 μg of [14C-5-Me]D-α-tocopherol and then given diets containing 5% methyl oleate or 5% cod-liver oil fatty-acid methyl esters. Rats from each group were given intramuscular injections of iron-dextran (50 mg Fe/kg rat) at 48 h intervals for 15 days, and compared with controls given dextran. After this time, liver, kidney and the remainder of the carcass were analysed for [14C]α-tocopherol, and liver and kidney were also analysed for vitamin A.3. There was no evidence that Fe overloading caused any increase in the destruction of either tocopherol or vitamin A in vivo, whether or not the diet contained polyunsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, treatment with Fe significantly decreased the metabolism of the radioactive tocopherol dose in all three tissues studied.4. These experiments show that the stress effect of Fe in the vitamin E-deficient animal is unrelated to an increase in oxidative reactions. They provide further evidence that ‘lipid peroxidation’ is not causally concerned in ‘anti-vitamin E’ stress conditions and that α-tocopherol does not function, in vivo, as an antioxidant.

scholarly journals On the relationship between vitamin A and vitamin E in the rat

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cawthorne ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
A. T. Diplock ◽  
Elspeth A. Murrell ◽  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
The Relationship

1. The effect of vitamin E on the metabolism, utilization and storage of vitamin A has been studied in the rat.2. Male weanling rats were given a vitamin A-deficient, vitamin E-deficient diet until growth had ceased for 3 days, and each rat was then given 50 i.u. vitamin A palmitate. The rats were divided into four groups and given the diet with the addition of 10% methyl oleate or 10% cod-liver oil methyl esters, or either of these diets supplemented with 100 ppm D-α-tocopheryl acetate. There was no increase in maximum weight-gain response in the two groups given vitamin E. There was a significantly lower weight-gain response in the groups given cod-liver oil methyl esters. This effect was not influenced by the presence of vitamin E in the diet.3. Weanling rats of both sexes were made deficient in vitamins A and E and then divided into two groups. One group received, every other day, 1·75 i.u. vitamin A palmitate and 0·6 mg D-α-tocopherol given together; the second group received the two vitamins, in the same amounts, on alternate days. After 28 days there was no difference in the growth of the two groups of rats, irrespective of sex.4. Vitamin A-depleted, vitamin E-deficient rats were given 17·51 μg ‘14C-carbinol’retinyl acetate and then a vitamin A-deficient, vitamin E-deficient diet or that diet supplemented with 100 ppm D-α-tocopheryl acetate. After 6 days, the total remaining ‘14C’retinol and its lipidsoluble metabolites were measured in the carcasses of the rats. Vitamin E administration did not affect the metabolism of the vitamin A dose or its effect on growth.5. Vitamin E-deficient rats were given vitamin A until their liver reserves exceeded 30000 i.u. and were then divided into two groups. One group received a diet deficient in vitamins A and E and the other received, in addition to this diet, a weekly oral supplement of 1 mg D-α-tocopheryl acetate. The vitamin E supplement significantly decreased the rate of vitamin A depletion from the liver during the next 6 weeks. This effect, which was not found to occur when the initial liver reserves were only 3000 i.u., suggests a role for vitamin E in connexion with the capacity of the liver to bind vitamin A.6. The relationship between vitamin A and vitamin E in vivo cannot, in the light of these results, be regarded as that between an antioxidant and a peroxidizable substrate.

scholarly journals Vitamin E and stress

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green ◽  
A. T. Diplock ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
I. R. Muthy ◽  
D. Mchale
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Acid Methyl

1. Liver necrosis was produced in rats given diets deficient in selenium and vitamin E and the metabolism of [5-Me-14C]D-α-tocopherol was studied during the development of the disease. 2. When a torula yeast diet (containing sufficient of the yeast to provide essential fatty acids) was used, the addition of 5 % cod-liver oil fatty acid methyl esters produced only a slight decrease in the time taken to produce the disease, compared to controls given methyl oleate; methionine had little protective effect. The metabolism of the radioactive tocopherol was unaffected by dietary lipid, Se or methionine and was not influenced by the development of necrosis. 3. When a casein diet (devoid of fat and containing insufficient Se to prevent liver necrosis) was used, the addition of small amounts of linoleic acid to the diet (as 2 % maize oil fatty acid methyl esters) decreased the time taken to produce the disease and increased its incidence. However, the metabolism of the radioactive tocopherol was independent of dietary lipid or Se. 4. It would appear that either Se or vitamin E may be necessary for effective utilization of the ratapos;s requirement for linoleic acid.

STUDIES ON VITAMIN E IN THE HOUSE CRICKET, ACHETA DOMESTICUS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE): III. TARSAL ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN E AND FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS BY LARVAE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Acid Methyl

AbstractWhen fatty acid methyl esters or vitamin E are painted on the surface of eggs of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), second-stage larvae originating from these eggs may show reduction of the tarsi. The effect of the chemicals is on the first-stage larvae which absorb the chemicals through the tarsi during escape from the shell. The reduced tarsi are regenerated at the next moult or next two moults.

scholarly journals Vitamin E and stress

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green ◽  
I. R. Muthy ◽  
A. T. Diplock ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
M. A. Cawthorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liver Vitamin

1. The nature of the relationship between vitamins A and E has been studied in the rat and the chick.2. Stress induced by diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found to have no effect on the liver vitamin A reserves of vitamin E-deficient rats given dietary vitamin A or repeated small oral doses of vitamin A.3. Dietary PUFA did not affect the liver vitamin A reserves of young rats given necrogenic diets deficient in vitamin E and selenium, nor were these reserves affected by the onset of liver necrosis or its prevention by Se.4. The effect of dietary PUFA on the rate of depletion of liver vitamin A reserves in weanling rats or rats depleted initially of vitamins A and E and then given a single large dose of vitamin A was studied over periods from 2 to 12½ weeks. In three experiments the dietary PUFA did not significantly accelerate vitamin A depletion. In one experiment the depletion rate was increased, but this was not reversed by dietary vitamin E and thus could not be attributed to an enhancement of peroxidation in vivo but rather to a toxic effect. The effect of vitamin E in these experiments was not consistent but, in general, it slightly decreased the rate of depletion.5. Large doses of vitamin A did not affect the metabolism of small amounts of [14C]D-α-tocopherol in the vitamin E-deficient rat or chick, when interaction of the two vitamins in the gastro-intestinal tract was avoided.6. Large doses of vitamin A (40000 i.u. in total) given to vitamin E-deficient chicks receiving a diet containing 1% linoleic acid (as maize oil esters) did not accelerate the onset of encephalomalacia and therefore failed to exert a pro-oxidative effect on tissue tocopherol.7. The conclusion drawn from these experiments was that any relationship that may exist in vivo between vitamins A and E is not concerned with an effect of vitamin E in preventing oxidation of vitamin A. A critical review of the literature on the nature of the relationship in general supports this view.

scholarly journals Nutritional effects of autoxidized fats in animal diets

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. L'estrange ◽  
K. J. Carpenter ◽  
C. H. Lea ◽  
L. J. Parr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
High Peroxide ◽  
Lower Vitamin ◽  
Oxidized Fat

1. Beef fat oxidized to a peroxide value of 109 μmoles/g (218 m-equiv./kg), with a reduction in iodine value of 3.4 units, was incorporated at a 5% level in the diet of day-old chicks (diet 2) and stored for 8 weeks at room temperature during feeding. Similar diets containing fresh fat (diet 1, peroxide value zero) or oxidized fat in which the peroxide had been largely destroyed by heating (diet 3, peroxide value 2 μmoles/g) were also used. The diets contained adequate but not excessive levels of all vitamins, including stabilized vitamin A, except that for half of the chicks the supplement of stabilized vitamin E was omitted. 2. No further oxidation of the dietary lipid occurred during storage, and the initially high peroxide value in diet 2 decreased rapidly. The natural vitamin E decreased by more than 50% in diet 2, but remained unaffected in diets 1 and 3. 3. The chicks grew normally, with no difference in weight gain or feed conversion between the groups, the only differences attributable to the diets being marginally lower vitamin A levels accumulated in the livers of the birds on diet 2 and ajustdetectablyhigher liver weight in the birds on diet 3. 4. One of the twelve chicks receiving oxidized fat (diet 2) without synthetic vitamin E developed encephalomalacia. There was no other suggestion of performance being inferior as a consequence of the absence of the vitamin E supplement. 5. No difference could be detected in the flavour of the chickens, either freshly roasted or reheated.

ISOMERIZATION OF VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Pure all-trans and neovitamin A alcohol were administered orally to young, vitamin-A-deficient rats and the vitamin A and proportion of neovitamin A in the intestinal tract, liver and kidney were measured. In both cases considerable isomerization occurred in the stomach and the resulting mixture of isomers appeared to be absorbed by the intestine. The dose of all-trans vitamin A was taken up by the intestine more quickly than was the neovitamin A dose. An oral or subcutaneous dose of neovitamin A resulted in a relatively high proportion of neovitamin A in the liver but this proportion decreased during depletion to that found after a dose of all-trans vitamin A. The proportion of neovitamin A varied inversely with the size of dose of all-trans vitamin A and directly with the size of dose of neovitamin A. The significance of these results is discussed.

ISOMERIZATION OF VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Pure all-trans and neovitamin A alcohol were administered orally to young, vitamin-A-deficient rats and the vitamin A and proportion of neovitamin A in the intestinal tract, liver and kidney were measured. In both cases considerable isomerization occurred in the stomach and the resulting mixture of isomers appeared to be absorbed by the intestine. The dose of all-trans vitamin A was taken up by the intestine more quickly than was the neovitamin A dose. An oral or subcutaneous dose of neovitamin A resulted in a relatively high proportion of neovitamin A in the liver but this proportion decreased during depletion to that found after a dose of all-trans vitamin A. The proportion of neovitamin A varied inversely with the size of dose of all-trans vitamin A and directly with the size of dose of neovitamin A. The significance of these results is discussed.

Biosynthesis of trans fatty acids from acetate in the bacterium Pseudomonas atlantica

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Guckert ◽  
David B. Ringelberg ◽  
David C. White
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acids ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Starvation Survival ◽  
Adhesion Process

The cis configuration in fatty acids is the only known product of bacterial biosynthetic pathways of monounsaturated membrane fatty acids. The trans configuration is considered "nonphysiologic" or "unnatural." This research shows that in vivo synthesis of trans-monounsaturated membrane fatty acids from acetate occurs in the bacterium Pseudomonas atlantica. The saturated, trans, and cis phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of P. atlantica grown in the presence of [14C]acetate were physically separated as the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and the presence of trans FAME was verified by infrared spectroscopy. The FAME isomers were quantified by gas chromatography and 14C incorporation into these isomers was counted. The specific activities of trans and saturated PLFA were found to be equivalent, indicating that P. atlantica has the in vivo biosynthetic capabilities to synthesize trans PLFA from acetate. From these results, a biosynthetic pathway is hypothesized and the suggestion is made that P. atlantica would be a preferred test organism to elucidate this pathway as well as to test the ecological implications of these trans PLFA in terms of starvation survival and the initial biofouling–adhesion process.

scholarly journals Turnover of mammalian phospholipids. Rates of turnover and metabolic heterogeneity in cultured human lymphocytes and in tissues of healthy, starved and vitamin A-deficient rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Pasternak ◽  
Beverly Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Phospholipid Turnover ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Metabolic Heterogeneity ◽  
Turn Over

1. Choline- and inositol-labelled phospholipids of human cultured lymphocytes turn over in a biphasic manner; phytohaemagglutinin activation stimulates turnover. 2. Choline-labelled phospholipids of rat liver and kidney, but not of blood, turn over in vivo as fast as those of duodenum, ileum or colon. Turnover in the intestinal tissues is greater in fed than in starved or vitamin A-deficient rats. In each case phosphatidylcholine turns over relatively faster than sphingomyelin or lyso-phosphatidylcholine. 3. It is concluded that phospholipid turnover of the type described is a common feature of viable cells, and that metabolically favourable conditions increase, rather than decrease, turnover.

Comparison of Technologies on Extracting and Concentrating Natural Vitamin E Using Supercritical CO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liu ◽  
Xiao-lin Ding ◽  
Dan-hua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Natural Vitamin ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Separation Factors ◽  
Column Extraction

Solubilities are measured for natural tocopherols and fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs) under partly isothermal, isobaric and isochoric conditions in the range of temperature of 40-60deg.C and pressure of 9.7-16.2MPa based on soybean de-odorizer(DOD) pretreatment, the separation factors between FAMEs and tocopherols are 3.1-5.4 in this study. Furthermore, three different technology projects are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively of single column extraction (SCE), extraction and fractionation (EF), two-column extraction (TCE).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document