ISOMERIZATION OF VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Pure all-trans and neovitamin A alcohol were administered orally to young, vitamin-A-deficient rats and the vitamin A and proportion of neovitamin A in the intestinal tract, liver and kidney were measured. In both cases considerable isomerization occurred in the stomach and the resulting mixture of isomers appeared to be absorbed by the intestine. The dose of all-trans vitamin A was taken up by the intestine more quickly than was the neovitamin A dose. An oral or subcutaneous dose of neovitamin A resulted in a relatively high proportion of neovitamin A in the liver but this proportion decreased during depletion to that found after a dose of all-trans vitamin A. The proportion of neovitamin A varied inversely with the size of dose of all-trans vitamin A and directly with the size of dose of neovitamin A. The significance of these results is discussed.

ISOMERIZATION OF VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Pure all-trans and neovitamin A alcohol were administered orally to young, vitamin-A-deficient rats and the vitamin A and proportion of neovitamin A in the intestinal tract, liver and kidney were measured. In both cases considerable isomerization occurred in the stomach and the resulting mixture of isomers appeared to be absorbed by the intestine. The dose of all-trans vitamin A was taken up by the intestine more quickly than was the neovitamin A dose. An oral or subcutaneous dose of neovitamin A resulted in a relatively high proportion of neovitamin A in the liver but this proportion decreased during depletion to that found after a dose of all-trans vitamin A. The proportion of neovitamin A varied inversely with the size of dose of all-trans vitamin A and directly with the size of dose of neovitamin A. The significance of these results is discussed.

ISOMERIZATION OF 11-cis VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Potency ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Cis Isomer

Single oral doses of all-trans and 11-cis vitamin A acetate were given to young, vitamin A deficient rats and the proportion of cis isomer in the intestinal tract and liver measured. Some conversion of 11-cis to all-trans occurred in the stomach and intestine, and a mixture of the two isomers was absorbed and stored in the liver. The high proportion of cis isomer found in the liver stores 5 hours after a dose of 11-cis vitamin A disappeared completely in 23 days. Oral doses of both all-trans and 11-cis vitamin A produced greater liver stores than the same doses given subcutaneously. The relative biological potency of the 11-cis isomer was the same by either route, which indicated that the low potency of this isomer was not due only to poor absorption from the intestine.

scholarly journals Changes in the distribution of copper and molybdenum after Mo administration and subsequent additional oral or intraperitoneal Cu administration to rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nederbragt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Inbred Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Minor Extent

1. Male WAG/Cpb inbred rats fed on rations containing 1·5 mg copper/kg (deficient) and 6·0 mg Cu/kg (adequate) were supplemented with molybdenum (500 mg/kg diet). Starting at week 0 rats were killed weekly for up to 6 weeks and the caeruloplasmin activity of plasma, the Cu concentration of plasma, liver and kidney and the Mo concentration of liver and kidney were determined. The experiment was repeated with rats fed on diets of the same composition but given additional Cu for periods of 2 weeks. Cu was given orally by increasing dietary Cu to 6·0 mg/kg and 25·0 mg/kg for Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively or intraperitoneally by injecting 75 μg and 250 μg every second day to Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively.2. After Mo administration to Cu-deficient rats plasma and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased but caeruloplasmin activity and liver Cu decreased. In Cu-adequate rats plasma, liver and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased to much higher levels than in Cu-deficient rats. Caeruloplasmin activity was not affected. Fluctuations in plasma Cu and kidney Mo were correlated closely.3. No qualitative difference between the effect of oral or intraperitoneal Cu administered to Mo-treated Cu-deficient or Cu-adequate rats was found. In Cu-deficient Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu increased plasma Cu, caeruloplasmin activity and liver and kidney Cu and Mo. In Cu-adequate Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu decreased plasma Cu and liver and kidney Mo and increased caeruioplasmin activity and kidney Cu and, to a minor extent, liver Cu.4. In view of the assumption that in rats a Cu, Mo and S containing compound, related to Cu-thiomolybdate, may be formed in vivo the results suggest thai Cu binds to the Mo-S part of the compound; when this compound is formed in the gastro-intestinal tract it can not be absorbed and when it is formed at systemic sites it changes the Cu distribution.

ISOMERIZATION OF 11-cis VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
T. K. Murray ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Potency ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Cis Isomer

Single oral doses of all-trans and 11-cis vitamin A acetate were given to young, vitamin A deficient rats and the proportion of cis isomer in the intestinal tract and liver measured. Some conversion of 11-cis to all-trans occurred in the stomach and intestine, and a mixture of the two isomers was absorbed and stored in the liver. The high proportion of cis isomer found in the liver stores 5 hours after a dose of 11-cis vitamin A disappeared completely in 23 days. Oral doses of both all-trans and 11-cis vitamin A produced greater liver stores than the same doses given subcutaneously. The relative biological potency of the 11-cis isomer was the same by either route, which indicated that the low potency of this isomer was not due only to poor absorption from the intestine.

scholarly journals Vitamin E and stress

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Diplock ◽  
J. Green ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
M. A. Cawthorne ◽  
Jean Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Deficient Animal ◽  
Oxidative Reactions ◽  
Liver And Kidney

1. The effects of iron overloading and unsaturation of dietary lipid on the metabolism of α-tocopherol in the rat were studies.2. Young adult male vitamin E-deficient rats were given 1000 i.u. of vitamin A and 100 μg of [14C-5-Me]D-α-tocopherol and then given diets containing 5% methyl oleate or 5% cod-liver oil fatty-acid methyl esters. Rats from each group were given intramuscular injections of iron-dextran (50 mg Fe/kg rat) at 48 h intervals for 15 days, and compared with controls given dextran. After this time, liver, kidney and the remainder of the carcass were analysed for [14C]α-tocopherol, and liver and kidney were also analysed for vitamin A.3. There was no evidence that Fe overloading caused any increase in the destruction of either tocopherol or vitamin A in vivo, whether or not the diet contained polyunsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, treatment with Fe significantly decreased the metabolism of the radioactive tocopherol dose in all three tissues studied.4. These experiments show that the stress effect of Fe in the vitamin E-deficient animal is unrelated to an increase in oxidative reactions. They provide further evidence that ‘lipid peroxidation’ is not causally concerned in ‘anti-vitamin E’ stress conditions and that α-tocopherol does not function, in vivo, as an antioxidant.

scholarly journals Turnover of mammalian phospholipids. Rates of turnover and metabolic heterogeneity in cultured human lymphocytes and in tissues of healthy, starved and vitamin A-deficient rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Pasternak ◽  
Beverly Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Phospholipid Turnover ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Metabolic Heterogeneity ◽  
Turn Over

1. Choline- and inositol-labelled phospholipids of human cultured lymphocytes turn over in a biphasic manner; phytohaemagglutinin activation stimulates turnover. 2. Choline-labelled phospholipids of rat liver and kidney, but not of blood, turn over in vivo as fast as those of duodenum, ileum or colon. Turnover in the intestinal tissues is greater in fed than in starved or vitamin A-deficient rats. In each case phosphatidylcholine turns over relatively faster than sphingomyelin or lyso-phosphatidylcholine. 3. It is concluded that phospholipid turnover of the type described is a common feature of viable cells, and that metabolically favourable conditions increase, rather than decrease, turnover.

Activation of isolated heterophils from chicks stimulated in vivo with salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
R. B. Moyes ◽  
R. E. Droleskey ◽  
M. H. Kogut ◽  
J. R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Immune Lymphokines ◽  
Organ Invasion

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is of great concern to the poultry industry due to the organism's ability to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the laying hen and subsequently colonize the ovaries and yolk membrane. The resultant subclinical infection can lead to SE infection of raw eggs and egg products. Interference with the ability of the organism to invade has been linked to the activation and recruitment of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells, heterophils, to the lamina propria of the intestinal tract.Recently it has been established that heterophil activation and increased resistance to SE organ invasion can be accomplished by the administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK) obtained from supernatants of concanavalin-A stimulated SE immune T lymphocytes from SE hyperimmunized hens. Invasion of SE into the lamina propria provides a secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of SE invasion.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

Preparation and Biochemical Evaluation of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Punica granatum Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Haroun ◽  
Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa ◽  
Samia M.M. Mohafrash
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Functionalized Mwcnts ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: Funcionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNTs) were used for the preparation of therapeutic nanoparticles for delivery of some bioactive compounds. Consequently, this work deals with the preparation of grafted MWCNTs with n-vinyl caprolactam in the presence of pomegranate peel extract (P. granatum), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or silver nanoparticeles and their toxic effects on male mice using in vivo biological examination (liver and kidney dysfunction biomarkers) and the histopathological analysis. Methods: P. granatum extract was immobilized onto functionalized MWCNTs using simple adsorption technique. Moreover, The prepared materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vivo examination using liver and kidney dysfunction biomarkers was investigated. In addition, the histopathological study was carried out. Results: The ox-MWCNTs induced significant elevation in the liver enzymes including AST, ALT and ALP relative to the control group. While, the treatment with P. granatum extract only did not induce any change in the liver and kidney biomarkers. In other words, P. granatum extract loaded onto functionalized MWCNTs showed low effects on liver enzymes and kidney function biomarkers in the treated mice in comparison with ox-MWCNTs and extract separately. Moreover, histopathological analysis revealed that the P. granatum extract functionalized MWCNTs exhibited normal renal tissue with no histopathological alteration. Conclusion: The grafted MWCNTs with n-vinyl caprolactam in the presence of pomegranate peel extract (P. granatum), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or silver nanoparticeles were successfully prepared. SEM-micrographs showed complete coating of MWCNTs fiber with the extract. The prepared materials resulted in no toxic effects and the histopathological findings were confirmed by inflammation of the liver and kidney tissues.

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