Correlations between sport performance and different radiographic findings in the limbs of Hanoverian Warmblood horses

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Stock ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Deforming Arthropathy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
Measures Of Performance

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to quantify the additive genetic correlations between prevalent radiographic findings in the limbs of Warmblood riding horses and performance parameters. Data on 3725 Hanoverian Warmblood horses selected for sale at auctions in the period 1991 to 1998 were used. The numbers of annual entries (TE) and placings (TP) in tournament competitions in the period 1991 to 2002 served as measures of performance in riding sports. Multivariate genetic analyses were performed in linear animal models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The four most prevalent radiographic findings, i.e. osseous fragments in fetlock (OFF) and hock joints (OFH), deforming arthropathy in hock joints (DAH) and pathologic changes in navicular bones (PCN) were analysed jointly with the performance parameters, i.e. TE and TP. Additive genetic correlations between the radiographic findings and the performance in sports were in many cases close to zero. There were some indications for significantly negative, but few indications for significantly positive additive genetic correlations between radiological conditions in the equine limbs and the performance of Warmblood riding horses in dressage, show-jumping and basic build-up competitions. Breeding measures that allow for orthopaedic health traits could therefore contribute to maximize the breeding progress in terms of sport performance.

89 Effect of embryo transfer and recipient breed on offspring performance in equine show jumping

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
E. Palmer ◽  
M. Robles ◽  
A. Ricard ◽  
P. Chavatte-Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
Show Jumping

Maternal preconceptional, gestational, and postnatal environments alter offspring phenotype in humans and animals. In particular, embryo technologies were shown in horses and other species to affect offspring growth and metabolism. Quantitative genetic calculations in a database containing genealogy and a measured trait (performance) of individuals enable geneticists to estimate the respective contribution of (A) genetic aptitude for the trait (inherited from all parents), (B) genetic maternal aptitude (additional contribution of the mother and her ancestors, acting through pregnancy, lactation, and nursing), and (C) the permanent maternal environment (similarities between the offspring of a dam that are not attributed to genetics) to the variability of this trait in this population. Additionally, fixed effects can be introduced and estimated to take into account additional factors acting on individual performance. The aim of this project was to apply this method to estimate the respective contributions of A, B, and C as well as the fixed effects of maternal parity (D), age at foaling (E), foaling interval (F), embryo transfer (G), and breed of recipient mare (for ET recipients) on the adult offspring sport performance in show jumping horses. The data came from the French Horse Database established in 1976 for genealogy and performance; calculation was done using WOMBAT® software. The performance of 207,984 horses (4.5 years per horse), born to 90,438 dams (of which 4187 were ET recipients, the others being bred by AI or natural service), were studied. Performance was expressed as follows. For each event, points were distributed depending on the horse’s rank within the event and the event’s difficulty. The logarithm of the sum of points of the year has a Gaussian distribution and is then normalised to mean=0 and standard deviation=1. The genetic maternal aptitude and permanent maternal environment showed a small but significant contribution to the variance of performance (1.4 and 1.5%, respectively) compared to a direct genetic contribution of 24.4%. Within each age class of dam, offspring of primiparous mares have a handicap (−0.04 to −0.06) compared to multiparous mares. Within multiparous mares, a foaling interval of 1 year only provided a small advantage (+0.01, nonsignificant) compared to longer intervals (>2 years). The effect of embryo transfer was strong and significant (+0.24), which could reflect the better management of the horses produced by embryo transfer because of their genetic and financial value rather than a physiologic effect. The performance of offspring born to draft and warmblood recipients (+0.27v. +0.24, nonsignificant) were not different. In conclusion, although jumping performance occurs several years after birth, maternal effects are still measurable and embryo transfer is associated with a strongly increased performance independent of genetic value, probably due to better management of these horses. No effect of recipient mare’s breed was found.

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TAEKWONDO ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Preeti Srivastava ◽  
V. Padma
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
And Performance

Taekwondo (TKD) is a Korean combat sport, recognised by Olympics, involving the combination of kick movements which include power, speed, agility, muscular strength and endurance. Nutrition is an important determinant of physical tness of athletes. Cross sectional study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional status along with tness parameters of the 150 TKD players of 8-24 years age through purposive random sampling in training centres of Kolkata. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit information on training pattern, physical, physiological, performance parameters and nutritional status. Mean Vo2max uptake in males ranged between 22.0±2.0-34.±1.8ml/kg/min in 8-24 year athletes whereas in female it was reported 22.3±1.7-32.5±1.9ml/kg/min indicating as low in majority of the athletes. Average performance was observed among the athletes on assessing physical tness components. Adequate consumption of cereals, pulses, milk and vegetables were reported however low consumption was noted in green leafy vegetables, fruits and nuts. Nutritional inadequacy of protein, iron and calcium as indicated through 24 hour diet recall was found signicant difference at 0.05 level. Therefore, guidance in nutrition is required to make prudent dietary choices that will improve the body composition, thereby increasing sport performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between age at first start and racing performance in Polish Thoroughbreds and Arab horses

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-649
Author(s):  
M. Sobczynska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Racing Performance ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for age at first start (AFS) and performance traits were estimated for Polish Thoroughbred and Arab horses using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) with an animal model. The traits representing a horse’s racing performance were log of earnings (EA) and square root of number of starts (NS). Separate analyses per first racing season and whole career were carried out. The first racing season comprised 1 759 Thoroughbreds and 1 026 Arab horses. The racing results of whole racing career were available for 1 319 Thoroughbreds and 815 Arab horses. The model accounted for fixed effects of birth year, month of birth, sex and trainer. The average of AFS of Thoroughbreds was 933.2 days for first racing season and 935.1 for whole career. The same AFS was observed at first season and whole career (about 1 199 days) in Arab horses. Heritability estimates for AFS were rather low (0.15-0.21) . All genetic correlations for Arab horses between age and performance traits varied from moderate to high (from −0.25 to −0.85). For whole career of Thoroughbreds, the genetic correlations had opposite signs compared to those observed in Arabs. Genetic correlation between AFS and EA in first racing season was very low in Thoroughbreds (−0.07), whereas high between AFS and NS (−1); the corresponding values for Arab horses were −0.25 and −0.76. The opposite signs of phenotypic and genetic correlations (0.16 vs −1 and −0.24 vs 1 in first season and whole career, respectively) between AFS and NS in Thoroughbreds were observed. Phenotypic correlations between AFS and performance traits were close to zero for whole career while were rather low and moderate (−0.22 and −0.37) for first season in Arab horses. Delay of the first start of Thoroughbreds is favourable from the point of view of future racing performance in whole career and has no effect on earnings in the first racing season. Arab horses beginning their career at a young age are start frequently and earn more money then those beginning their career later.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic parameters for productive traits in the first three lactations of Khuzestan buffaloes in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Madad ◽  
N. G. Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
A. A. Shadparvar
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Productive Traits

Abstract. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk and fat yields in Khuzestan buffaloes of Iran. A total of 5 258 production records of the first three lactations of the Khuzestan buffaloes obtained from the Animal Breeding Centre of Iran between 1993 and 2009 were used for the analysis. Genetic parameters were estimated by the multivariate restricted maximum-likelihood (REML) procedure in the Wombat program. The averages of milk and fat production were 2 220.0 kg and 137.6 kg for first lactation; 2 236.8 kg and 137.9 kg for second lactation; and 2 303.6 kg and 143.3 kg for third lactation, respectively. Heritability estimates for milk and fat yields were 0.06 and 0.24 for the first; 0.06 and 0.28 for the second and 0.26 and 0.47 for the third lactation, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between first and second, first and third, and second and third lactations were 0.77, 0.67 and 0.79 for milk and −0.61, −0.21 and −0.25 for fat yields. These estimates for milk yield are consistent with previous estimates obtained from animal models. Milk production of different lactations is essentially the same trait genetically and combining all lactation records as a single trait is appropriate. On the other hand, negative genetic correlations for fat yield in different lactations indicated that fat yields in all lactations were determined by different genes.

Effect of Feeding Bt176 Maize on Physiological and Performance Parameters in Broiler Chickens

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-246
Author(s):  
M.A. Tony ◽  
A. Butschke ◽  
J. Zagon ◽  
H. Broll ◽  
M. Schauzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

scholarly journals Comparison of a Novel Polymeric Hollow Fiber Heat Exchanger and a Commercially Available Metal Automotive Radiator

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Tereza Kroulíková ◽  
Tereza Kůdelová ◽  
Erik Bartuli ◽  
Jan Vančura ◽  
Ilya Astrouski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Flat Tubes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Louvered Fins

A novel heat exchanger for automotive applications developed by the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory at the Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic, is compared with a conventional commercially available metal radiator. The heat transfer surface of this heat exchanger is composed of polymeric hollow fibers made from polyamide 612 by DuPont (Zytel LC6159). The cross-section of the polymeric radiator is identical to the aluminum radiator (louvered fins on flat tubes) in a Skoda Octavia and measures 720 × 480 mm. The goal of the study is to compare the functionality and performance parameters of both radiators based on the results of tests in a calibrated air wind tunnel. During testing, both heat exchangers were tested in conventional conditions used for car radiators with different air flow and coolant (50% ethylene glycol) rates. The polymeric hollow fiber heat exchanger demonstrated about 20% higher thermal performance for the same air flow. The efficiency of the polymeric radiator was in the range 80–93% and the efficiency of the aluminum radiator was in the range 64–84%. The polymeric radiator is 30% lighter than its conventional metal competitor. Both tested radiators had very similar pressure loss on the liquid side, but the polymeric radiator featured higher air pressure loss.

scholarly journals Effect of Dam Depth and Relief Track Depth on Steady-State and Dynamic Performance Parameters of 3-Lobe Pressure Dam Bearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
S. K. Kakoty
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
And Performance

The present study analyzes the effect of pressure dam depth and relief track depth on the performance of three-lobe pressure dam bearing. Different values of dam depth and relief track depth are taken in nondimensional form in order to analyze their effect. Results are plotted for different parameters against eccentricity ratios and it is shown that the effect of pressure dam depth and relief track depth has great significance on stability and other performance parameters. Study of stability and performance characteristics is undertaken simultaneously.

scholarly journals Doses of caffeine on the development and performance of pepper crops under greenhouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar Montes ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Francisco Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Stimulant Effect ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
And Performance

A number of experiments on plant organs demonstrated that caffeine acts as a growth stimulator. In this study we aimed to determine the influence of caffeine on development of pepper crops under stress in the autumn-winter cycle, as peppers stop growing and developing in November and January. The experiments were conducted to determine how caffeine applied to the soil by fertigation, with doses of 2.25 µM and 9.00 µM for T1 and T2, respectively, compared to the control crop, affect the morphological development and performance of the pepper crops during two crop cycles (2008-2009 and 2009-2010 in autumn-winter). Throughout the whole vegetative plant cycle, performance parameters of fruit quality and the influence on the morphological development were obtained on different dates. With respect to the remainder of the morphological and production parameters, no significant differences were discovered in either of the evaluated cycles, thus leading to the conclusion that the two doses of caffeine, 2.25 µM and 9.00 µM, did not have any stimulant effect on the development and performance of the pepper crop during both cycles. Total yields were unaffected by either treatment, 4.89, 4.90 and 4.88 kg/m2 for the first assay and 5.28, 5.23 and 5.28 for the second, for treatments control and caffeine dosses 2.25 µM y 9.00 µM respectively.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy and performance of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Octavio Álvarez ◽  
Coral Falcó ◽  
Isabel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Total Response Time ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

Development of self-efficacy scales allows the analysis of athletes’ perceptions and examination of the relationship between perception and performance. The aim of this paper was to: (1) develop a specific self-efficacy scale in a taekwondo task, the roundhouse kick, and (2) analyse the sport performance and its relationship with two self-efficacy scales (specific and general) outcomes according to the athletes’ gender.<strong> </strong>Forty-three taekwondo athletes (33 male and 10 female) participated in this study. The Physical (PSE) and Specific (RKSES) self-efficacy scales were administered. Performance data (impact force and total response time) were acquired by athletes kicking twice to an instrumented target. Results showed that the specific self-efficacy scale has high reliability and is able to predict sport performance in males and females. Males had higher self-efficacy scores and also higher performance results than females. Females’ taekwondo psychological training should be focus on improving their self-efficacy perception in order to increase their performance in the roundhouse kick. This specific self-efficacy scale for the taekwondo roundhouse kick offers empirical information to coaches, sport psychologists and researchers that allow them to predict athletes’ sport performance in the roundhouse kick.

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