What to Do with the Ideophones? A Problem in Lexical Classification From Upper Necaxa Totonac

2007 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
David Beck
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Classification

scholarly journals On the Cognitive Foundation of Lexical Classification of the Subject World

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Alexey D. Koshelev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cognition ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Classification

The paper presents a language of thought (a set of cognitive units and relations) used to provide non-verbal definitions for the following five concepts: ARMCHAIR, MUG, RAVINE, LAKE, TREE. These definitions make it possible to describe concepts on two levels of specificity. On the first level, a concept is presented as a holistic cognitive unit. On the second, more specific, level, the same concept is viewed as a partitive system, i.e. a hierarchical system of its parts, the latter being smaller concepts into which the original holistic unit is decomposed. A hypothesis is advanced that such structure is inherent to all visible objects. The partitive system is argued to play a major role in human cognition. It, first, provides for an in-depth understanding of the perceived objects through understanding the role of their parts, and, second, underlies the formation of the hierarchy of concepts with respect to their generality. Besides, it can be considered as one of the defining properties of the human species as it accounts for the human ability to purposefully change the world.

scholarly journals A simple algorithm for the lexical classification of comparable adjectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 626-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cristani ◽  
Ilaria Chitó ◽  
Claudio Tomazzoli ◽  
Margherita Zorzi
Keyword(s):  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Lexical Classification

Variable direction in zero-derivation and the unity of polysemous lexical items

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Plank
Keyword(s):  
Word Class ◽  
Variable Direction ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Classification

The adjective, noun, and verb fett/Fett/fett- ‘fat’ in German are polysemous in each word class. The zero-derivational relationships that hold between them are described. The theoretical points are made (i) that, in cases of polysemy, individual senses rather than lexical items as a whole are involved in zero-derivation, and (ii) that, in this particular case, the direction of derivation differs depending on which of the senses are implicated, going from noun to adjective (substance to contentiveness) or from adjective to noun (dimension to state), and thereby precluding the designation of one lexical classification as basic tout court. The implication of such cases is that, with their individual semantic components so autonomous as to be alternately basic and derived in different morphological oppositions, ‘lexical entries’, categorised in terms of word class, cannot be the integral principal organising units of mental lexicons and dictionaries they are commonly taken to be.

scholarly journals „Композитный взрыв” в современном русском газетном дискурсе

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Anna Romanik
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Foreign Word ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Lexical Classification ◽  
Modern Russian

“Compounding explosion” in modern Russian journalese discourseThe author of the paper deals with compound words, which are one of active developing phenomena in the journalese texts. Researched material was excerpted from Russian specialized magazines published in 2010–2016. The number of compounds constantly increases. Most of them are borrowed from English or derived from foreign word-formation models. Neologisms, which contain minimum two components in their structure, are productive in journal discourse because of few reasons. First of all, they are used to name new designate as economic way of nomination. Second of all, compound words play manipulative and styling role in written texts. The main aim of the analysis was to research the structure of compound words, to present lexical classification and to point out the reasons of popularity of compound words. „Eksplozja kompozytów” we współczesnym rosyjskim dyskursie medialnymPrzedmiotem zainteresowania niniejszych rozważań są złożenia, których wysoka frekwencja jest szczególnie zauważalna we współczesnym dyskursie prasowym. Materiał egzemplifikacyjny został wyekscerpowany z rosyjskich czasopism, umownie określanych jako „czasopisma kobiece” 2013–2016. Głównym celem podjęcia tego tematu badawczego jest klasyfikacja leksykalno-semantyczna zgromadzonych jednostek złożonych, analiza strukturalna oraz ustalenie przyczyn ich rosnącej popularności. Istotą badania jest również zwrócenie uwagi na problem niestabilności ortograficznej i graficznej kompozytów zapożyczonych z innych systemów językowych, a także zaakcentowanie braku jednolitej bazy teoretycznej przy klasyfikacji statusu słów złożonych.

Automatic lexical classification: bridging research and practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1924) ◽  
pp. 3621-3632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Lexical Resource ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Word Classification ◽  
The Many ◽  
Bridging Research And Practice ◽  
Language Technologies ◽  
Lexical Classification

Natural language processing (NLP)—the automatic analysis, understanding and generation of human language by computers—is vitally dependent on accurate knowledge about words . Because words change their behaviour between text types, domains and sub-languages, a fully accurate static lexical resource (e.g. a dictionary, word classification) is unattainable. Researchers are now developing techniques that could be used to automatically acquire or update lexical resources from textual data. If successful, the automatic approach could considerably enhance the accuracy and portability of language technologies, such as machine translation, text mining and summarization. This paper reviews the recent and on-going research in automatic lexical acquisition. Focusing on lexical classification, it discusses the many challenges that still need to be met before the approach can benefit NLP on a large scale.

scholarly journals Sign language lexicography: a case study of an online dictionary

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-122
Author(s):  
Lucia Vlášková ◽  
Hana Strachoňová
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Semantic Definition ◽  
Lexical Classification ◽  
Shape And Size

As a growing field of study within sign language linguistics, sign language lexicography faces many challenges that have already been answered for audio-oral language material. In this paper, we present some of these challenges and methods developed to help navigate the complex lexical classification field. The described methods and strategies are implemented in the first Czech sign language (ČZJ) online dictionary, a part of the platform Dictio, developed at Masaryk University in Brno. We cover the topic of lemmatisation and how to decide what constitutes a lexeme in sign language. We introduce four types of expressions that qualify for a dictionary entry: a simple lexeme, a compound, a derivative, and a set phrase. We address the question of the place of classifier constructions and shape and size specifiers in a dictionary, given their peculiar semantic status. We maintain the standard classification of classifiers (whole entity and holding classifiers) and size and shape specifiers (SASSes; static and tracing specifiers). We provide arguments for separating the category of specifiers from the category of classifiers. We discuss the proper treatment of mouthings and mouth gestures concerning citation forms, derivation and translation. We show why it is difficult in sign language to distinguish synonyms from variants and how our proposed phonological criteria can help. We explain how to construct a semantic definition in a sign language and what is the solution for multiple meanings of one form. We offer simple guidelines for forming proper examples of use in a sign language. And finally, we briefly comment on the process of the translation between sign and spoken languages. We conclude the paper with a summary of roles that Dictio plays in the ČZJ-signing community.

scholarly journals Towards a typology of complement control

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Stiebels
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Infinitival Complements ◽  
Lexical Classification

It is the aim of this paper to evaluate the various types of sentential complementation available in terms of complement control cross-linguistically. I will propose a lexical classification of control classes on the basis of the instantiated subordination patterns. I want to focus on an important distinction, namely that of structural vs. inherent control. Structural control is found with predicates that select a clausal complement whose structure requires argument identification and thus 'induces' control. Infinitival complements are prototypical cases for this kind of control because in most languages infinitival complements can only 'survive' in structures of control or raising. The interesting question is which predicates license structural control and which cross-linguistic differences emerge between potential licensors. Inherent control is found with predicates that require control readings independent of the instantiated structure of sentential complementation (e.g. a directive predicate such as zwingen 'force'). In addition, I will recapitulate and add arguments for the dual lexical-syntactic nature of complement control.  

Image-based Abuse: Debate and Reflections on the “Iveco Case” in Spain on Twitter

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096714
Author(s):  
Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon ◽  
Maria Dosil Santamaria ◽  
Maitane Belasko Txertudi ◽  
Israel Alonso Saez
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Married Woman ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Social Reaction ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Lexical Classification

The instance of image-based abuse that ended in the victim’s suicide, known as the “Iveco case,” had an unprecedented social impact in Spain in 2019. This case provoked a great social reaction and became particularly viral on social networks such as Twitter. The present research investigates how this case has been dealt with through Twitter discourse. In particular, this study aimed to identify the main elements that could explain how people engaged with the problem of nonconsensual sharing of sexually explicit images in general, and with this case in particular. In total, 1,895 tweets with the word “Iveco” written in Spain were selected by streaming API, and their content was analyzed by lexical analysis using Iramuteq software (Reinert method). This software carries out an automatic lexical classification cluster analysis that groups the most significant words and text segments according to their co-occurrence. The results revealed that, on Twitter, it was stressed that the victim was a married woman with children who had practiced sexting. However, in response to this initial description, many voices also emerged that labelled this image-based abuse as gender-based online violence. Criticism was aimed at both the passivity of the company, and the attitude of hundreds of thousands of people who share the sexting video by WhatsApp groups without permission. Consequently, several feminist mobilizations emerged, framing this case within a sexist and patriarchal society and asking for accountability. However, in contrast, countermovements such as the #NotAllMen also emerged.

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