Investigating audience orientation in courtroom communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-570
Author(s):  
Krisda Chaemsaithong
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Closing Arguments ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Relational Work ◽  
Relational Practice ◽  
Interpersonal Negotiation

Abstract This study presents an empirical study of audience orientation, investigating lawyers’ overt interpersonal negotiation with jurors. Drawing upon a corpus of the closing arguments of five high-profile American trials, the quantitative and qualitative analysis identifies the traces and degree of the jury’s presence through pronominal choices, questions, directives, references to shared knowledge and asides. Such relational practice does not merely “oil the wheels” of courtroom communication but also constitutes a key way to the meaning-making process in this phase of the trial. The findings attest to the centrality of relational work in accomplishing transactional goals in institutional discourses.

Dialogic features and interpersonal management in the early courtroom action game

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-362
Author(s):  
Krisda Chaemsaithong
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Negotiate Agreement ◽  
Old Bailey ◽  
Early English ◽  
Opening Statements ◽  
Interpersonal Negotiation

Abstract There are certain areas where present-day studies of language use can learn from history. Using a dialogue-analytic approach, this study investigates dialogic features and interpersonal management in the early English courtroom. Drawing upon a corpus of 81 opening statements from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey (1759–1799), the quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals that this courtroom action game is highly dialogic and that an active jury was significantly presupposed in this particular historical setting. The lawyers consistently endeavored to solicit solidarity and in-groupness through pronominal choices, and to argumentatively negotiate agreement and secure consent through directives, shared knowledge markers, asides, and questions. The findings testify to the central role of dialogism and interpersonal negotiation in historical courtroom action games.

scholarly journals Empirical Study of Car Crash Simulation Analysis within the Development Phase

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2843-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naouress Fatfouta ◽  
Julie Stal-Le Cardinal ◽  
Christine Royer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Crash Simulation ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Industrial Context ◽  
Current Practices

AbstractCar crash simulation analysis is an important phase within the vehicle development. It intends to analyse the crashworthiness of the vehicle model and examine the level of passive security. However, this activity is not trivial because of the considerable collaboration within the project, the large amount of analysed and exchanged data and a high exigency. Consequently, a solution to assist, ease and reduce the time of the process is desired.To study the current practices followed in the car crash simulation analysis an empirical study has been conducted. This study has been applied within the simulation analysis team, in the development phase, within an automotive company. This paper describes a qualitative analysis of the industrial context and diagnoses the dysfunctions in the current practices. This paper also highlights the current challenges encountered in the car crash simulation analysis.

scholarly journals Defining Inspection Techniques for Detecting Privacy Problems in Online Social Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Andrey  Rodrigues ◽  
Natasha  M. C. Valentim ◽  
Eduardo  Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Inspection Techniques

In the last few years, Online Social Networks (OSN) have experienced growth in the number of users, becoming an increasingly embedded part of people’s daily lives. Privacy expectations of OSNs are higher as more members start realizing potential privacy problems they face by interacting with these systems. Inspection methods can be an effective alternative for addressing privacy problems because they detect possible defects that could be causing the system to behave in an undesirable way. Therefore, we proposed a set of privacy inspection techniques called PIT-OSN (Privacy Inspection Techniques for Online Social Network). This paper presents the description and evolution of PIT-OSN through the results of a preliminary empirical study. We discuss the quantitative and qualitative results and their impact on improving the techniques. Results indicate that our techniques assist non-expert inspectors uncover privacy problems effectively, and are considered easy to use and useful by the study participants. Finally, the qualitative analysis helped us improve some technique steps that might be unclear.

scholarly journals Facebook and a Fair Trial: Caution, Challenge and Contradiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Kate Tubridy
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
High Profile ◽  
To Receive

This article explores the often fraught intersections between social media, fair trial principles and community engagement with high-profile crimes. Specifically, a detailed analysis is undertaken of the Facebook response to the arrest of Adrian Ernest Bayley for the murder of Ms Gillian (Jill) Meagher in Victoria, Australia in 2012. As one of the first Australian crimes to receive a significant social media response, this research provides empirical insights into the dynamic and evolving relationship between social media, the community and criminal trials. By drawing on a critical discourse analysis of over 3,000 comments on the R.I.P Jill Meagher Facebook page, this article identifies and critiques a ‘Discourse of Challenge’ in which digital communication enabled the reinterpretation of legal principles. Further, this article provides empirical insights into the meaning-making processes of Facebook discourses and focuses on how fair trial principles are contested on Facebook in novel and, at times, contradictory, ways.  

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matylda Włodarczyk ◽  
Irma Taavitsainen
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Relational Practice ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Activity Types ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Diachronic Changes ◽  
Historical Periods

Abstract This introductory paper defines the present state of the art of historical (socio)pragmatics. We single out interactional and social foci as the most important, and we briefly characterise some more narrowly defined perspectives. These involve a politeness-related view that relies on relational practice with dynamic negotiations and the context-based approach to language use in time and space with its situational and cultural constraints. Next, the paper discusses the research questions addressed in this Special Issue. The papers cover diachronic changes in rhetorical and sociocultural modes of communication, whether and how irony and sarcasm can be detected in different historical periods, how metadiscourse reveals politeness strategies and intercultural transfer, what disruptive institutional activity types occur and what their cognitive underpinnings are, how ephemeral texts have been used in social and political conflict, how meaning-making practices work on the macro level of genres, and how literacy skills are reflected in correspondence with a connection to genre models. Overall, this introduction aims to set the scene for current historical (socio)pragmatics. We show its interdisciplinarity and methodologically eclectic research ground, and how it may develop in relation to, and feed into, the neighbouring fields of linguistics and the humanities in general.

Supporting students’ content learning in Biology through teachers’ use of classroom talk drawing on concept sketches

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-260
Author(s):  
Caroline Ho ◽  
June Kwai Yeok Wong ◽  
Natasha Anne Rappa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Classroom Talk ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Multimodal Literacy ◽  
Classroom Discussions ◽  
Content Learning ◽  
Teacher’S Role ◽  
Teacher's Role

Abstract This article examines teachers’ attempts to enhance students’ content learning in Biology through the use of talk centred on concept sketches. Of specific interest is how teachers provide scaffolding through purposeful classroom discourse (Lemke, 1990) with the use of talk moves (Chapin, O’Connor, & Anderson, 2013), drawing on concept sketches (Johnson & Reynolds, 2005) annotated by students. Informed by socioconstructivist (Vygotsky, 1978/86) perspectives and grounded in multimodal literacy (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001) underpinnings, the study acknowledges the teacher’s role in productive classroom discussions to guide students’ thinking and facilitate meaning-making. Qualitative analysis of classroom discourse illustrates how teachers’ classroom talk can scaffold and address the gaps in students’ learning. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

In search of continuity

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-584
Author(s):  
Tomasz Olejniczak ◽  
Anna Pikos ◽  
Toshio Goto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Empirical Illustration ◽  
Continuity Analysis

Purpose This study aims to represent an early attempt to define the notion of continuity and empirically illustrate its explanatory potential and methodological challenges. Design/methodology/approach This study combines historical and qualitative research techniques to conduct a qualitative analysis of continuity in the Jablkowski Brothers Department Store, a Polish centennial company. The paper highlights the potential synergies between historical and qualitative methods when applied to the analysis of long periods of time. Findings The authors find that using a theoretical framework of continuity provides novel ontological and epistemological insights into the nature of long-lived companies. Based on the findings, the authors present continuity in the context of existing theories and argue that it is a unique concept that deserves more scientific attention and rigorous empirical study. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature in three ways. First, it provides a brief, interdisciplinary overview of the concept of continuity. Second, it provides an empirical illustration of continuity analysis in a Polish centennial company with extremely discontinuous history. Finally, it positions continuity within the wider context of existing theories and shows how, through continuity, history can contribute to both the practice and theory of management.

scholarly journals Interrelation between procrastination and Internet addiction in high school students in the context of risks of modern education

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 08030
Author(s):  
Ivan Malyshev ◽  
Igor Arkhipenko
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
School Students ◽  
Modern Education

The article discusses manifestations of procrastination and Internet addiction in high school students within the context of risks of the modern society and education. The purpose of the study is to analyze interrelations between the phenomena of procrastination and Internet addiction in high school students’ personality. The empirical study involved 120 students of the 9th – 11th grades from the cities of Saratov and Balashovaged 15 to 17. We used the questionnaire called “The Degree of Procrastination Intensity” by M.A. Kiselev (system vector psychology SVP), the technique for determining Internet addiction by S.H. Chen and the test for Internet addiction identification by Kimberly Young. We used the author’s questionnaire for qualitative analysis of the interrelation between procrastination and Internet addiction of the subjects. The established relationships between the phenomena of procrastination and Internet addiction (analysis of correlation relationships, typological analysis).New data have been obtained that reveal the nature of the determination of these phenomena in a sample of high school students interacting in modern conditions of education.

Self-proclaimed ignorance about public affairs

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Joffe ◽  
Robert Farr
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Lives ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper explores the consequences of the socio-historical exclusion of women, and of young people, from public life. It is based upon an empirical study in which depth-interviews were conducted with 96 Britons, male and female, and of a younger and an older generation, concerning their private and public lives. Self-proclaimed ignorance is significantly more likely to be found in the interviews of the women rather than the men, and in those of the younger rather than the older generation. Qualitative analysis reveals that self-proclaimed ignorance is associated with a sense of distance from public affairs. The various manifestations of distance are discussed in terms of exposure to knowledge, the individualistic society's expectations concerning the knowing “I”, the privatized market economy and the effects of modernity itself.

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