Jij doe wat girafe?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelleke Strik ◽  
Ana T. Pérez-Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Children

In this study we consider the role of cross-linguistic influence in the domain of wh-movement and subject-verb inversion in children simultaneously acquiring Dutch and French, two typologically different languages. Wh-questions were elicited in Dutch by means of an elicited production task. The participants consisted of 5- and 7-year-old Dutch-French bilingual children, and two control groups of monolingual Dutch children and adults (N = 46). Target-like wh-fronted questions with subject-verb inversion formed the majority of responses. However, two qualitatively different structures were produced as a result of transfer from French: wh-in-situ questions and wh-fronted questions without inversion. Structural overlap approaches to transfer can predict cross-linguistic influence from the language with more structural options (French) to the one with only one interrogative construction (Dutch). However, we argue that a complexity-based theory of transfer provides a better account for the presence of the attested structures than a structural overlap approach.

scholarly journals Dutch speech intelligibility in bilingual Turkish-Dutch children in Flanders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Simon ◽  
Evelien D’haeseleer ◽  
Feyza Altinkamis ◽  
Koen Plevoets
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Intelligibility Test ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Or Task ◽  
And Task

Abstract This study examines the Dutch intelligibility of a group of monolingual Dutch and bilingual Turkish-Dutch preschool children in Flanders, as rated by native Dutch listeners and measured by a Dutch intelligibility test. The intelligibility of the bilingual children is compared to that of the monolingual Dutch children, in order to examine whether age and/or task effects are similar or different in the two groups. The results revealed that intelligibility was affected by age, but showed no significant interaction between age and group. However, we found a significant interaction between age and task: children’s intelligibility increased with age for a word production as well as a sentence production task, but much more so for the latter than for the former. We discuss the results in relation to the children’s developing phonological systems, the age of exposure to Dutch and the nature of the test.

scholarly journals The Role of Prosody in the Identification of Persian Sentence Types: Declarative or Wh-question?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shiamizadeh ◽  
Johanneke Caspers ◽  
Niels O. Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Frequency Code ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractIt has been reported that prosody contributes to the identification of utterances which lack lexico-syntactic indicators of interrogativity but do have characteristic prosodic correlates (e.g. Vion and Colas 2006. Pitch cues for the recognition of yes-no questions in French. Journal of Psycholinguistics Research 35. 427–445). In Persian wh-in-situ questions, the interrogativity device (the wh-phrase) does not move to the sentence-initial position, and the pre-wh part is characterized by specific prosodic correlates (Shiamizadeh et al. 2016. Do Persian native speakers prosodically mark wh-in-situ questions? Manuscript submitted for publication). The current experiment investigates the role of prosody in the perception of Persian wh-in-situ questions as opposed to declaratives. To this end, an experiment was designed in which Persian native speakers were asked to choose the correct sentence type after hearing only the pre-wh part of a sentence. We hypothesized that prosody guides perception of wh-in-situ questions independent of wh-phrase type. The results of the experiment corroborate our hypothesis. The outcome is discussed in terms of Ohala´s frequency code, and Bolinger´s claim about the universal dichotomous association between relaxation and declarativity on the one hand and tension and interrogativity on the other hand.

Wh-questions in child bilingual acquisition of French: Derivational complexity and cross-linguistic influence

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelleke Strik
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Developmental Course ◽  
Dutch Children

AbstractThis study investigates the development ofwh-questions in French in a group of bilingual French-Dutch children. Fifteen children (aged 4 to 8, mean age 6;03, first exposure to French under age 4 for most of the children) participated in an elicited production task. Their results were compared to those of 4-year-old and 6-year-old monolingual children from a previous study. In order to examine possible influence from Dutch, two main hypotheses with contrasting predictions are proposed: structural overlap and derivational complexity. The results show that the bilingual children exhibited the same developmental course forwh-questions as their monolingual peers. The majority of responses involvedwh-fronting without inversion, whereaswh-fronting with inversion, the only possible structure in Dutch, was not frequent. Therefore, the results do not provide clear evidence for influence from Dutch. Instead, they confirm that derivational complexity constrains the development ofwh-questions in French.

scholarly journals The role of age of onset and input in early child bilingualism in Greek and Dutch

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON UNSWORTH ◽  
FROSO ARGYRI ◽  
LEONIE CORNIPS ◽  
AAFKE HULK ◽  
ANTONELLA SORACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Input Cues ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Regular Patterns ◽  
General Perspective

ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is the acquisition of grammatical gender in Greek and Dutch by bilingual children whose other language is English. Although grammatical gender languages share the property of noun classification in terms of grammatical gender, there are important differences between the languages under investigation here in terms of both the morphological cues for gender marking available to the child and the developmental path followed by monolingual children. Dutch offers limited input cues for grammatical gender, but Greek shows consistent and regular patterns of morphological gender marking on all members of the nominal paradigm. This difference is associated with the precocious pattern of gender acquisition in Greek and the attested delay in monolingual Dutch development. We explore the development of gender in Dutch and Greek with the aim of disentangling input from age of onset effects in bilingual children who vary in the age of first exposure to Dutch or Greek. Our findings suggest that although bilingual Greek children encounter fewer difficulties in gender acquisition compared to bilingual Dutch children, amount of input constitutes a predictive factor for the pattern attested in both cases. Age of onset effects could be partly responsible for differences between simultaneous and successive bilinguals in Greek, but this is clearly not the case for Dutch. Our findings are also addressed from the more general perspective of the status of “early” and “late” phenomena in monolingual acquisition and the advantages of investigating these from the bilingual perspective.

Further studies on competition of antigens. II. Cellular deficit or inhibitory factor: an indirect evaluation of the problem

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eidinger ◽  
Malcolm Baines
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
The One ◽  
Antigenic Competition

An indirect approach to the question of the role of a presumptive inhibitory factor or cell deficit to account for immunosuppression by antigenic competition was carried out in the present work.Several characteristics of antigenic competition were delineated. The response to PVP,* classed as a non-thymus dependent antigen, was capable of suppressing the response to a test antigen administered subsequently, and conversely, of being suppressed by unrelated antigens administered as initial antigens. Induction of immunological tolerance to RRBC* with cyclophosphamide did not prevent the capacity of the antigen to suppress the induction of humoral antibody formation to KLH* in a model of antigenic competition. Actinomycin-D in a dose of 0.60 mg/kg body weight abolished suppression by antigenic competition, although the drug suppressed the response to the suppressing antigen GRBC* and enhanced the response to RRBC, the test antigen, when administered to individual control groups of animals immunized with only the one antigen. Consequently, interpretation of the data in terms of antigenic competition was difficult.

Assessing the role of current and cumulative exposure in simultaneous bilingual acquisition: The case of Dutch gender

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON UNSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Adjectival Inflection ◽  
Target Performance ◽  
Ultimate Attainment

This paper investigates the role of amount of current and cumulative exposure in bilingual development and ultimate attainment by exploring the extent to which simultaneous bilingual children's knowledge of grammatical gender is affected by current and previous amount of exposure, including in the early years. Elicited production and grammaticality judgement data collected from 136 English–Dutch-speaking bilingual children aged between three and 17 years are used to examine the lexical and grammatical aspects of Dutch gender, viz. definite determiners and adjectival inflection. It is argued that the results are more consistent with a rule-based than a piecemeal approach to acquisition (Blom, Polišenskà & Weerman, 2008a; Gathercole & Thomas, 2005, 2009), and that non-target performance on the production task can be explained by the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (Haznedar & Schwartz, 1997; Prévost & White, 2000; Weerman, Duijnmeijer & Orgassa, 2011).

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

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