Further studies on competition of antigens. II. Cellular deficit or inhibitory factor: an indirect evaluation of the problem

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eidinger ◽  
Malcolm Baines
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
The One ◽  
Antigenic Competition

An indirect approach to the question of the role of a presumptive inhibitory factor or cell deficit to account for immunosuppression by antigenic competition was carried out in the present work.Several characteristics of antigenic competition were delineated. The response to PVP,* classed as a non-thymus dependent antigen, was capable of suppressing the response to a test antigen administered subsequently, and conversely, of being suppressed by unrelated antigens administered as initial antigens. Induction of immunological tolerance to RRBC* with cyclophosphamide did not prevent the capacity of the antigen to suppress the induction of humoral antibody formation to KLH* in a model of antigenic competition. Actinomycin-D in a dose of 0.60 mg/kg body weight abolished suppression by antigenic competition, although the drug suppressed the response to the suppressing antigen GRBC* and enhanced the response to RRBC, the test antigen, when administered to individual control groups of animals immunized with only the one antigen. Consequently, interpretation of the data in terms of antigenic competition was difficult.

scholarly journals MICROBIOCENOSIS, IMMUNE SYSTEM AND HEREDITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Voevodin ◽  
G. N. Rozanova ◽  
A. V. Poddubikov ◽  
N. A. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Biological Mechanism ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Perinatal Programming ◽  
The One

The formation of pro-/eukaryotic systems is the general biological mechanism of formation and variability of the phenotype of plants, animals, human beings under the influence of external Wednesday, i.e. formation of adaptive potency conditions to external Wednesday that increases the «biological status» prokaryotic structures in sustaining body health. Prominent role in the formation of the phenotype of micro media, immunological tolerance (immunological programming), as a basis for the formation of individual pro-/eukaryotic interactions in perinatal age, the dominant role of maternal influence in this process on the one hand, micro-variability due to external stress impact on the other, makes it possible to consider pro-/eukaryotic interaction as a possible mechanism of perinatal programming and epigenetics inheritance and therefore, as one possible approach for correction of chronic and congenital pathology. This points to the need to improve monitoring ofthe formation microbiocenosis of children, improve the methods of assessment and correction.

Jij doe wat girafe?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelleke Strik ◽  
Ana T. Pérez-Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Children

In this study we consider the role of cross-linguistic influence in the domain of wh-movement and subject-verb inversion in children simultaneously acquiring Dutch and French, two typologically different languages. Wh-questions were elicited in Dutch by means of an elicited production task. The participants consisted of 5- and 7-year-old Dutch-French bilingual children, and two control groups of monolingual Dutch children and adults (N = 46). Target-like wh-fronted questions with subject-verb inversion formed the majority of responses. However, two qualitatively different structures were produced as a result of transfer from French: wh-in-situ questions and wh-fronted questions without inversion. Structural overlap approaches to transfer can predict cross-linguistic influence from the language with more structural options (French) to the one with only one interrogative construction (Dutch). However, we argue that a complexity-based theory of transfer provides a better account for the presence of the attested structures than a structural overlap approach.

Further studies of competition of antigens. I. Variation in immunosuppression induced by alterations of dosage, route of injection, nature of antigen, and immunological status of host

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Eidinger ◽  
H. F. Pross ◽  
R. S. Kerbel ◽  
M. G. Baines ◽  
A. Ackerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responsiveness ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
Antigenic Competition

Several characteristics of antigenic competition were studied in mice using various pairs of antigens administered in sequence. Enhanced immunosuppression of the response to the second antigen was obtained by increasing the dose of the initial antigen relative to the dose of the test antigen. Diminished immunosuppression was elicited when the dose of the second antigen was increased to near maximum levels, corresponding to the plateau of immune responsiveness to this antigen when it was administered in equivalent dosage to normal control groups of animals. Induction of a primary immune response to the initial antigen was a more effective immunosuppressant than was induction of a secondary immune response to an equivalent dose of the same antigen. Antigenic competition was manifested when antigen was administered in differing sites in the animal such as in separate footpads. Administration of the antigens in the same site did not invariably result in antigenic competition, since a combination of two intraperitoneal injections of unrelated antigens in sequence was not associated with immunosuppression of response to the test antigen. Immunosuppression by antigenic competition did not alter the affinity of the antibody product to the test antigen.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Public Procurement Principles Generated by the Treaty of Rome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Ioan-Gabriel Popa
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
The One

AbstractIn order to understand the principles of public procurement in Romania, it is necessary to analyze, on the one hand, the European directives that regulate the actual public procurement and, on the other hand, the context in which the European directives were adopted. Even with the directives in force, the more general provisions contained in the Treaty of the European Economic Community (EEC) in Rome, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty, are applied, as well as many more general principles of law that will guide the interpretation of these directives. The Treaty was adopted in Rome, in 1957 and became applicable from January 1, 1958. It is considered that the source of the principles of public procurement is the Treaty. Even if in Treaty contained no specific provisions regarding the field of public procurement, it reflects the principles and the general framework for the functioning of the single market, a market characterized through the prism of the fundamental freedoms established by the Treaty: the free movement of goods, services, capital and persons. As the field of public procurement is closely linked to the free movement of goods, this principle is promoted and implemented in the practice of this field based on the regulations, directives and decisions of the Community institutions. The role of the free movement of goods is to harmonize the relationships involved in the process of purchasing goods, but also to ensure the homogeneity, coherence and balance of this process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document