Standard metabolic rates of three nectarivorous meliphagid passerine birds

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Vitali ◽  
P. C. Withers ◽  
K. C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Se

Standard metabolic rate (VO2 STD) was determined for three species of passerine bird from the family Meliphagidae to investigate the possible effect of nectarivory on standard metabolic rate in this family. The three species that we investigated did not show a significant departure from allometric predictions of standard metabolic rate for passerine species. Disparities between standard metabolic rate for meliphagids in the present study and previous data appear to reflect methodological differences, and no general allometric relationship is apparent for meliphagids at present. In meliphagids, nectarivory per se is not an important correlate with standard metabolic rate. Data from additional meliphagid species, collected under standardised conditions, are required to confirm the generality of the findings of the present study, that nectarivorous meliphagids have a standard metabolic rate typical of passerine birds.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENCES OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL IN THE SKIN OF HUMAN SUBJECTS AND BASAL METABOLISM

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Purdy ◽  
Charles Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Electric Potentials ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

High metabolic rates are associated normally with small differences of electric potential, whereas low metabolic rates are associated with large differences of electric potential as measured on the extremities of the body. Within the normal range of metabolism there appears to be a definite correlation between the metabolic rates and the difference of electric potential over a specified area of the skin, provided the person under test has no abnormalities of the circulatory system or of the functions of the skin. If there are no dysfunctions of the circulation or of the skin, the metabolic rate may be calculated, within ±4 points, from the expression See PDF for Equation where x is the metabolic rate and y is the difference of electric potential across the specified areas of skin (electrodes 12 cm. apart). In general, there are abnormalities of the circulation of the blood or of the functions of the skin of persons for whom the metabolic rates determined by the two methods (difference of electric potentials and gasometric procedures) do not agree with ±4 points. Manifest retardation or return to normality in the rate of circulation of the blood, such as may be produced by the sphygmomanometric cuff under varying pressures, produces marked changes in the difference of electric potentials obtained across a specified intervening area of skin. Retardation of flow of blood produces increased differences of electric potential. Preliminary investigations indicate that there is an inverse correlation between cutaneous temperatures and differences of electric potential. Day by day variations, emotive effects and the partaking of food have less effect, in general, on the electric potentials across a specified area of skin than they have on the metabolic rates. These experimental results indicate that there may be a more direct correlation between electric potentials and the circulation of the blood per se than between electric potentials and the metabolism of the body per se. When normality of circulation of the blood and of the functions of the skin exists in the areas under test for differences of electric potential, there is apparently a correlation between metabolic rates and electric potentials.

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Acute Temperature Change and Elevated pCO2 on the Metabolic Rates and Hypoxia Tolerances of Clearnose Skate (Rostaraja eglanteria), Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata)

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schwieterman ◽  
Crear ◽  
Anderson ◽  
Lavoie ◽  
Sulikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Summer Flounder ◽  
Paralichthys Dentatus ◽  
Clearnose Skate ◽  
Species Specific

Understanding how rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and hypoxia affect the performance of coastal fishes is essential to predicting species-specific responses to climate change. Although a population’s habitat influences physiological performance, little work has explicitly examined the multi-stressor responses of species from habitats differing in natural variability. Here, clearnose skate (Rostaraja eglanteria) and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) from mid-Atlantic estuaries, and thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) from the Gulf of Maine, were acutely exposed to current and projected temperatures (20, 24, or 28 °C; 22 or 30 °C; and 9, 13, or 15 °C, respectively) and acidification conditions (pH 7.8 or 7.4). We tested metabolic rates and hypoxia tolerance using intermittent-flow respirometry. All three species exhibited increases in standard metabolic rate under an 8 °C temperature increase (Q10 of 1.71, 1.07, and 2.56, respectively), although this was most pronounced in the thorny skate. At the lowest test temperature and under the low pH treatment, all three species exhibited significant increases in standard metabolic rate (44–105%; p < 0.05) and decreases in hypoxia tolerance (60–84% increases in critical oxygen pressure; p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the interactive effects of increasing temperature and changing ocean carbonate chemistry are species-specific, the implications of which should be considered within the context of habitat.

scholarly journals Components of standard metabolic rate variability in three species of gammarids

Web Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Shokri ◽  
Mario Ciotti ◽  
Fabio Vignes ◽  
Vojsava Gjoni ◽  
Alberto Basset
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract. Standard metabolic rate is a major functional trait with large inter-individual variability in many groups of aquatic species. Here we present results of an experimental study to address variation in standard metabolic rates, over different scales of organisation and environments, within a specific group of aquatic macro-invertebrates (i.e. gammarid amphipods) that represent the primary consumers in detritus food webs. The study was carried out using flow-through microrespirometric techniques on male specimens of three gammarid species from freshwater, transitional water and marine ecosystems. We examined individual metabolic rate variations at three scales: (1) at the individual level, during an 8 h period of daylight; (2) at the within-population level, along body-size and body-condition gradients; (3) at the interspecific level, across species occurring in the field in the three different categories of aquatic ecosystems, from freshwater to marine. We show that standard metabolic rates vary significantly at all three scales examined, with the highest variation observed at the within-population level. Variation in individual standard metabolic rates during the daylight hours was generally low (coefficient of variation, CV<10 %) and unrelated to time. The average within-population CV ranged between 30.0 % and 35.0 %, with body size representing a significant source of overall inter-individual variation in the three species and individual body condition exerting only a marginal influence. In all species, the allometric equations were not as steep as would be expected from the 3∕4 power law, with significant variation in mass-specific metabolic rates among populations. The population from the transitional water ecosystem had the highest mass-specific metabolic rates and the lowest within-population variation. In the gammarid species studied here, body-size-independent variations in standard individual metabolic rates were higher than those explained by allometric body size scaling, and the costs of adaptation to short-term periodic variations in water salinity in the studied ecosystems also seemed to represent a major source of variation.

Metabolic Rates and Critical Swimming Speeds of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Relation to Size and Temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
N. R. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
B Values ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Standard Metabolism

Ten years research on metabolic rates and swimming speeds of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) ranging in weight from 2 to 2000 g, at temperatures from 2 to 24 C, is reviewed and summarized. Analysis of weight–slope relations (b values) at three temperatures, using log–log transformations, provided an overall mean of 0.88 for standard metabolism and 0.99 for active metabolism. A previously determined semilog equation for temperature effect on standard metabolic rate (at approximately 50 g) was supported by supplementary data at 2 C. Predictive graphic models in the form of isopleths of metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds in relation to weight, length, and temperature are depicted. These provide a composite presentation useful in estimating the metabolic rate and maximum sustained speed for any size and temperature.

The effects of body size and temperature on metabolic rate of organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richard Robinson ◽  
Robert Henry Peters ◽  
Jess Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Multiple regression analyses of previously published data were performed to describe the effect of variations in body mass (M, in grams) and temperature (t, in degrees Celsius) on the rate of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text], in millilitres O2 per gram per hour). For homeotherms and poikilotherms, the resultant equations describing standard metabolic rate are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The metabolic rate of unicells was described by [Formula: see text], although the temperature term was not statistically significant. When solved at 39 °C, the homeotherm equation is essentially similar to previously published relations. At 20 °C, the poikilotherm relation is slightly higher, and the unicell relation considerably lower, than Hemmingsen's widely cited relations. Enough data were available to provide a statistical description of active reptiles and fish: [Formula: see text]; this relationship may be used to approximate the metabolic rate of actively foraging fish and reptiles. Equations for the standard metabolic rate can serve as components in the calculation of minimal metabolic rates of homeotherms and higher poikilotherms in nature; such values could then be increased by estimates of the additional demands associated with movement, feeding, growth, etc. For unicells and lower vertebrates, standard rates also serve as estimates of free-living rates.

scholarly journals METABOLIC RATES (SMR, RMR, AMR, AND MMR) OF Oplegnathus fasciatus ON DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY SETTINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Young Jin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Routine Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Oplegnathus Fasciatus ◽  
Rock Bream ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Maximum Metabolic Rate

The metabolic rate of aquatic animals is closely related to oxygen concentration and influenced by internal and external factors. Despite its high value as marine fish species in South Korea, information on rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus metabolism is scarcely available. This study observed the standard metabolic rate (SMR), routine metabolic rate (RMR), and active metabolic rate (AMR) of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus subjected to different temperature settings. Another observation was performed to find out the maximum metabolic rate (MMR) on rock bream subjected to different salinity settings. Fish (TL: 26.86 ± 0.29 cm and BW: 469.40 ± 38.21 g for SMR, RMR, and AMR measurement; TL: 26.7 ± 0.4 cm and BW: 451.0 ± 44.4 g for MMR measurement) were observed using respirometer (dimension = 30 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm; volume: 10.4 L) inside a recirculation systems. SMR, RMR, and AMR were measured at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. Meanwhile, MMR was measured at 15, 25, and 35 psu. The results showed that SMR, RMR, and AMR increased linearly by increasing the temperatures (SMR: 58.7 ± 3.2, 102.7 ± 4.3, and 157.1 ± 4.1 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C, respectively; RMR: 66.0 ± 8.6, 112.6 ± 10.2, and 175.2 ± 21.3 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C, respectively; AMR: 73.4 ± 7.4, 122.0 ± 6.3, and 196.7 ± 15.4 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C, respectively), whilst MMR decreased by lowering salinity (48.5 ± 5.2, 61.1 ± 5.5, and 89.3 ± 14.7 mg O2/kg/hour at salinity of 15, 25, and 35 psu, respectively).

scholarly journals Ecological and evolutionary consequences of metabolic rate plasticity in response to environmental change

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20180180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Norin ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Response To Environmental Change

Basal or standard metabolic rate reflects the minimum amount of energy required to maintain body processes, while the maximum metabolic rate sets the ceiling for aerobic work. There is typically up to three-fold intraspecific variation in both minimal and maximal rates of metabolism, even after controlling for size, sex and age; these differences are consistent over time within a given context, but both minimal and maximal metabolic rates are plastic and can vary in response to changing environments. Here we explore the causes of intraspecific and phenotypic variation at the organ, tissue and mitochondrial levels. We highlight the growing evidence that individuals differ predictably in the flexibility of their metabolic rates and in the extent to which they can suppress minimal metabolism when food is limiting but increase the capacity for aerobic metabolism when a high work rate is beneficial. It is unclear why this intraspecific variation in metabolic flexibility persists—possibly because of trade-offs with the flexibility of other traits—but it has consequences for the ability of populations to respond to a changing world. It is clear that metabolic rates are targets of selection, but more research is needed on the fitness consequences of rates of metabolism and their plasticity at different life stages, especially in natural conditions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

The effect of temperature on standard metabolic rate of Brown Anoles

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Steffen ◽  
Arthur G. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Male And Female

Understanding the influences of sex and ambient temperature on metabolic rates of reptiles is of fundamental interest to biologists because of the role that temperature-dependent metabolic rates play in shaping behaviour, life history evolution and geographic range. We investigated the effects of sex, body mass and temperature on standard metabolic rate, respiratory quotient (RQ), and Q10 in male and female Brown Anoles, Norops sagrei. When mass-adjusted, oxygen consumption increased linearly with temperature, and there was no effect of sex. RQ did not differ by sex or temperature. Q10 was within the range published for other lizards.

scholarly journals The interaction between metabolic rate, habitat choice, and resource use in a polymorphic freshwater species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Andersson ◽  
Kristin Scharnweber ◽  
Peter Eklöv
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Resource Polymorphism ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Individual Fitness

1. Resource polymorphism is common across taxa and can result in alternate ecotypes with specific morphologies, feeding modes, and behaviours that increase performance in a specific habitat. This can result in high intraspecific variation in the expression of specific traits and the extent to which these traits are correlated within a single population. Although metabolic rate influences resource aquisition and the overall pace of life of individuals it is not clear how metabolic rate interact with the larger suite of traits to ultimately determine individual fitness. 2. We examined the relationship between metabolic rates and the major differences (habitat use, morphology, and resource use) between littoral and pelagic ecotypes of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from a single lake in Central Sweden. 3. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was significantly higher in pelagic perch but did not correlate with resource use or morphology. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was not correlated with any of our explanatory variables or with SMR. Aerobic scope (AS) showed the same pattern as SMR, differing across habitats, but contrary to expectations, was lower in pelagic perch. 4. This study helps to establish a framework for future experiments further exploring the drivers of intraspecific differences in metabolism. In addition, since metabolic rates scale with temperature and determine predator energy requirements, our observed differences in SMR across habitats will help determine ecotype-specific vulnerabilities to climate change and differences in top-down predation pressure across habitats.

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