Metabolic Rates and Critical Swimming Speeds of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Relation to Size and Temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
N. R. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
B Values ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Standard Metabolism

Ten years research on metabolic rates and swimming speeds of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) ranging in weight from 2 to 2000 g, at temperatures from 2 to 24 C, is reviewed and summarized. Analysis of weight–slope relations (b values) at three temperatures, using log–log transformations, provided an overall mean of 0.88 for standard metabolism and 0.99 for active metabolism. A previously determined semilog equation for temperature effect on standard metabolic rate (at approximately 50 g) was supported by supplementary data at 2 C. Predictive graphic models in the form of isopleths of metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds in relation to weight, length, and temperature are depicted. These provide a composite presentation useful in estimating the metabolic rate and maximum sustained speed for any size and temperature.

Metabolic rates and swimming performance of adult Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) after a controlled infection with Parvicapsula minibicornis

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2124-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
G N Wagner ◽  
S G Hinch ◽  
L J Kuchel ◽  
A Lotto ◽  
S RM Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Holding Period

Adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) acquire infections with the myxosporean kidney parasite Parvicapsula minibicornis during their spawning migration in the Fraser River, British Columbia. Controlled infections with this parasite in wild sockeye salmon had no significant impact on plasma ionic status, metabolic rates, and initial maximum prolonged swimming performance (Ucrit) for fish ranked as either strongly, weakly, or noninfected by polymerase chain reaction analysis of kidney tissue. However, strongly infected fish had significantly lower second Ucrit and recovery ratio (8%) values, indicating decreased ability to recover from exercise. As the present study shows that the severity of infection is affected by time and temperature, the accumulated thermal units (ATU) of exposure in this study were compared with those experienced by naturally migrating sockeye salmon. A parallel telemetry study revealed that early-timed sockeye experienced significantly more ATU (741.4 ± 29.4 °C) than normally migrating salmon (436.0 ± 20.0 °C) prior to spawning because of a significantly longer holding period in the lake system. The present data are discussed in the context of a threshold of >450 °C ATU for severe infection that would first manifest in early-timed fish in the upper reaches of the Fraser River and certainly on the spawning grounds.

scholarly journals Routine and Active Metabolic Rates of Migrating Adult Wild Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum) in Seawater and Freshwater

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Wagner ◽  
L. J. Kuchel ◽  
A. Lotto ◽  
D. A. Patterson ◽  
J. M. Shrimpton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Metabolic Rates

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Acute Temperature Change and Elevated pCO2 on the Metabolic Rates and Hypoxia Tolerances of Clearnose Skate (Rostaraja eglanteria), Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata)

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schwieterman ◽  
Crear ◽  
Anderson ◽  
Lavoie ◽  
Sulikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Summer Flounder ◽  
Paralichthys Dentatus ◽  
Clearnose Skate ◽  
Species Specific

Understanding how rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and hypoxia affect the performance of coastal fishes is essential to predicting species-specific responses to climate change. Although a population’s habitat influences physiological performance, little work has explicitly examined the multi-stressor responses of species from habitats differing in natural variability. Here, clearnose skate (Rostaraja eglanteria) and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) from mid-Atlantic estuaries, and thorny skate (Amblyraja radiata) from the Gulf of Maine, were acutely exposed to current and projected temperatures (20, 24, or 28 °C; 22 or 30 °C; and 9, 13, or 15 °C, respectively) and acidification conditions (pH 7.8 or 7.4). We tested metabolic rates and hypoxia tolerance using intermittent-flow respirometry. All three species exhibited increases in standard metabolic rate under an 8 °C temperature increase (Q10 of 1.71, 1.07, and 2.56, respectively), although this was most pronounced in the thorny skate. At the lowest test temperature and under the low pH treatment, all three species exhibited significant increases in standard metabolic rate (44–105%; p < 0.05) and decreases in hypoxia tolerance (60–84% increases in critical oxygen pressure; p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the interactive effects of increasing temperature and changing ocean carbonate chemistry are species-specific, the implications of which should be considered within the context of habitat.

scholarly journals Components of standard metabolic rate variability in three species of gammarids

Web Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Shokri ◽  
Mario Ciotti ◽  
Fabio Vignes ◽  
Vojsava Gjoni ◽  
Alberto Basset
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract. Standard metabolic rate is a major functional trait with large inter-individual variability in many groups of aquatic species. Here we present results of an experimental study to address variation in standard metabolic rates, over different scales of organisation and environments, within a specific group of aquatic macro-invertebrates (i.e. gammarid amphipods) that represent the primary consumers in detritus food webs. The study was carried out using flow-through microrespirometric techniques on male specimens of three gammarid species from freshwater, transitional water and marine ecosystems. We examined individual metabolic rate variations at three scales: (1) at the individual level, during an 8 h period of daylight; (2) at the within-population level, along body-size and body-condition gradients; (3) at the interspecific level, across species occurring in the field in the three different categories of aquatic ecosystems, from freshwater to marine. We show that standard metabolic rates vary significantly at all three scales examined, with the highest variation observed at the within-population level. Variation in individual standard metabolic rates during the daylight hours was generally low (coefficient of variation, CV<10 %) and unrelated to time. The average within-population CV ranged between 30.0 % and 35.0 %, with body size representing a significant source of overall inter-individual variation in the three species and individual body condition exerting only a marginal influence. In all species, the allometric equations were not as steep as would be expected from the 3∕4 power law, with significant variation in mass-specific metabolic rates among populations. The population from the transitional water ecosystem had the highest mass-specific metabolic rates and the lowest within-population variation. In the gammarid species studied here, body-size-independent variations in standard individual metabolic rates were higher than those explained by allometric body size scaling, and the costs of adaptation to short-term periodic variations in water salinity in the studied ecosystems also seemed to represent a major source of variation.

Cost of Sustained and Burst Swimming to Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Puckett ◽  
L. M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate (milligrams per kilogram per hour) and sustained swimming speed (calculated from tailbeat frequency) was determined for 1.2-g juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at 15 °C. The data are best described by the following equation: log oxygen consumption rate = 2.2 + 0.13 (body lengths-s−1). This relationship is very similar to that extrapolated for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) of the same size, thus potentially enabling researchers to utilize the extensive sockeye data base to predict metabolic rates of coho. The oxygen consumption rate during burst swimming (9 body lengths∙s−1) was also determined. The burst swimming metabolic rate (38 000 mgO2∙kg−1∙h−1) is nearly 40 times greater than the maximum sustained swimming metabolic rate.

Temperature effects on swimming performance, energetics, and aerobic capacities of mature adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) compared with those of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan J MacNutt ◽  
Scott G Hinch ◽  
Chris G Lee ◽  
James R Phibbs ◽  
Andrew G Lotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha

We assessed the prolonged swimming performance (Ucrit), metabolic rate (M-dotO2-min and M-dotO2-max), and oxygen cost of transport (COT) for upper Fraser River pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792); 53.5 ± 0.7 cm FL) and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792); 59.3 ± 0.8 cm FL) across a range of naturally occurring river temperatures using large Brett-type swim tunnel respirometers. Pink salmon were capable of similar relative critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) as sockeye salmon (2.25 FL·s–1), but sockeye salmon swam to a higher absolute Ucrit (125.9 cm·s–1) than pink salmon (116.4 cm·s–1) because of their larger size. Nevertheless, three individual pink salmon (Ucrit-max = 173.6 cm·s–1) swam faster than any sockeye salmon (Ucrit-max = 157.0 cm·s–1), indicating that pink salmon are far better swimmers than has been previously assumed. Metabolic rate increased exponentially with swimming speed in both species and was highest for pink salmon, but swimming efficiency (i.e., COT) did not differ between species at their optimal swimming speeds. The upper and lower limits of metabolism did not differ between species and both M-dotO2-min and M-dotO2-max increased exponentially with temperature, but aerobic costs of transport were independent of temperature in both species. Strong thermal dependence of both swimming performance and COT were expected but not demonstrated in either species. Overall, a higher degree of inter-individual variability in pink salmon swim performance and capacity suggests that this species might not be as locally adapted to particular river migration conditions as are sockeye salmon.

Standard metabolic rates of three nectarivorous meliphagid passerine birds

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Vitali ◽  
P. C. Withers ◽  
K. C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Se

Standard metabolic rate (VO2 STD) was determined for three species of passerine bird from the family Meliphagidae to investigate the possible effect of nectarivory on standard metabolic rate in this family. The three species that we investigated did not show a significant departure from allometric predictions of standard metabolic rate for passerine species. Disparities between standard metabolic rate for meliphagids in the present study and previous data appear to reflect methodological differences, and no general allometric relationship is apparent for meliphagids at present. In meliphagids, nectarivory per se is not an important correlate with standard metabolic rate. Data from additional meliphagid species, collected under standardised conditions, are required to confirm the generality of the findings of the present study, that nectarivorous meliphagids have a standard metabolic rate typical of passerine birds.

The Relation of Size to Rate of Oxygen Consumption and Sustained Swimming Speed of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1491-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The relation of size (log weight, g) to metabolic rate (log O2-uptake, mg O2/hr) of sockeye salmon was found to have a continuous change in slope (0.78–0.97) with increasing activity at 15 C.The slope of the equation relating the 60-min sustained swimming speed (log speed, cm/sec) to length (cm) had a value of 0.50, demonstrating a rapid decrease in relative performance with increasing size.

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