The effects of body size and temperature on metabolic rate of organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richard Robinson ◽  
Robert Henry Peters ◽  
Jess Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Multiple regression analyses of previously published data were performed to describe the effect of variations in body mass (M, in grams) and temperature (t, in degrees Celsius) on the rate of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text], in millilitres O2 per gram per hour). For homeotherms and poikilotherms, the resultant equations describing standard metabolic rate are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The metabolic rate of unicells was described by [Formula: see text], although the temperature term was not statistically significant. When solved at 39 °C, the homeotherm equation is essentially similar to previously published relations. At 20 °C, the poikilotherm relation is slightly higher, and the unicell relation considerably lower, than Hemmingsen's widely cited relations. Enough data were available to provide a statistical description of active reptiles and fish: [Formula: see text]; this relationship may be used to approximate the metabolic rate of actively foraging fish and reptiles. Equations for the standard metabolic rate can serve as components in the calculation of minimal metabolic rates of homeotherms and higher poikilotherms in nature; such values could then be increased by estimates of the additional demands associated with movement, feeding, growth, etc. For unicells and lower vertebrates, standard rates also serve as estimates of free-living rates.

Interaction Between Thyroxine and Dibenzyline on Metabolic Rate

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena B. Schwartz ◽  
Gerald E. Hammond ◽  
Gerald A. Gronert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Doses of Dibenzyline adequate to block the pressor effect of epinephrine were administered to rats with various degrees of chronic hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Rate of oxygen consumption was measured under barbiturate anesthesia. Dibenzyline decreased or did not change hypothyroid metabolic rates, but increased metabolic rates in hyperthyroid rats. The data indicated that Dibenzyline exerts a synergistic effect with thyroxine on metabolism resembling the previously reported synergism between thyroxine and epinephrine. Apparently discrepant findings presented in the literature regarding the interaction of thyroxine and Dibenzyline probably result from differences in the thyroid status of the experimental animals.

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

scholarly journals Body size and temperature effects on standard metabolic rate for determining metabolic scope for activity of the polychaete Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lopes Galasso ◽  
Marion Richard ◽  
Sébastien Lefebvre ◽  
Catherine Aliaume ◽  
Myriam D. Callier
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Scope ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature

Considering the ecological importance and potential value of Hediste diversicolor, a better understanding of its metabolic rate and potential growth rates is required. The aims of this study are: (i) to describe key biometric relationships; (ii) to test the effects of temperature and body size on standard metabolic rate (as measure by oxygen consumption) to determine critical parameters, namely Arrhenius temperature (TA), allometric coefficient (b) and reaction rate; and (iii) to determine the metabolic scope for activity (MSA) of H. diversicolor for further comparison with published specific growth rates. Individuals were collected in a Mediterranean lagoon (France). After 10 days of acclimatization, 7 days at a fixed temperature and 24 h of fasting, resting oxygen consumption rates (VO2) were individually measured in the dark at four different temperatures (11, 17, 22 and 27 °C) in worms weighing from 4 to 94 mgDW (n = 27 per temperature). Results showed that DW and L3 were the most accurate measurements of weight and length, respectively, among all the metrics tested. Conversion of WW (mg), DW (mg) and L3 (mm) were quantified with the following equations: DW = 0.15 × WW, L3 = 0.025 × TL(mm) + 1.44 and DW = 0.8 × L33.68. Using an equation based on temperature and allometric effects, the allometric coefficient (b) was estimated at 0.8 for DW and at 2.83 for L3. The reaction rate (VO2) equaled to 12.33 µmol gDW−1 h−1 and 0.05 µmol mm L3−1 h−1 at the reference temperature (20 °C, 293.15 K). Arrhenius temperature (TA) was 5,707 and 5,664 K (for DW and L3, respectively). Metabolic scope for activity ranged from 120.1 to 627.6 J gDW−1 d−1. Predicted maximum growth rate increased with temperature, with expected values of 7–10% in the range of 15–20 °C. MSA was then used to evaluate specific growth rates (SGR) in several experiments. This paper may be used as a reference and could have interesting applications in the fields of aquaculture, ecology and biogeochemical processes.

scholarly journals Components of standard metabolic rate variability in three species of gammarids

Web Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Shokri ◽  
Mario Ciotti ◽  
Fabio Vignes ◽  
Vojsava Gjoni ◽  
Alberto Basset
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract. Standard metabolic rate is a major functional trait with large inter-individual variability in many groups of aquatic species. Here we present results of an experimental study to address variation in standard metabolic rates, over different scales of organisation and environments, within a specific group of aquatic macro-invertebrates (i.e. gammarid amphipods) that represent the primary consumers in detritus food webs. The study was carried out using flow-through microrespirometric techniques on male specimens of three gammarid species from freshwater, transitional water and marine ecosystems. We examined individual metabolic rate variations at three scales: (1) at the individual level, during an 8 h period of daylight; (2) at the within-population level, along body-size and body-condition gradients; (3) at the interspecific level, across species occurring in the field in the three different categories of aquatic ecosystems, from freshwater to marine. We show that standard metabolic rates vary significantly at all three scales examined, with the highest variation observed at the within-population level. Variation in individual standard metabolic rates during the daylight hours was generally low (coefficient of variation, CV<10 %) and unrelated to time. The average within-population CV ranged between 30.0 % and 35.0 %, with body size representing a significant source of overall inter-individual variation in the three species and individual body condition exerting only a marginal influence. In all species, the allometric equations were not as steep as would be expected from the 3∕4 power law, with significant variation in mass-specific metabolic rates among populations. The population from the transitional water ecosystem had the highest mass-specific metabolic rates and the lowest within-population variation. In the gammarid species studied here, body-size-independent variations in standard individual metabolic rates were higher than those explained by allometric body size scaling, and the costs of adaptation to short-term periodic variations in water salinity in the studied ecosystems also seemed to represent a major source of variation.

Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Taylor ◽  
N. C. Heglund ◽  
G. M. Maloiy
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

This series of four papers investigates the link between the energetics and the mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. Two experimental variables are used throughout the study: speed and body size. Mass-specific metabolic rates of running animals can be varied by about tenfold using either variable. This first paper considers metabolic energy consumed during terrestrial locomotion. New data relating rate of oxygen consumption and speed are reported for: eight species of wild and domestic artiodactyls; seven species of carnivores; four species of primates; and one species of rodent. These are combined with previously published data to formulate a new allometric equation relating mass-specific rates of oxygen consumed (VO2/Mb) during locomotion at a constant speed to speed and body mass (based on data from 62 avian and mammalian species): VO2/Mb = 0.533 Mb-0.316.vg + 0.300 Mb-0.303 where VO2/Mb has the units ml O2 s-1 kg-1; Mb is in kg; and vg is in m s-1. This equation can be expressed in terms of mass-specific rates of energy consumption (Emetab/Mb) using the energetic equivalent of 1 ml O2 = 20.1 J because the contribution of anaerobic glycolysis was negligible: Emetab/Mb = 10.7 Mb-0.316.vg + 6.03 Mb-0.303 where Emetab/Mb has the units watts/kg. This new relationship applies equally well to bipeds and quadrupeds and differs little from the allometric equation reported 12 years ago by Taylor, Schmid-Nielsen & Raab (1970). Ninety per cent of the values calculated from this genera equation for the diverse assortment of avian and mammalian species included in this regression fall within 25% of the observed values at the middle of the speed range where measurements were made. This agreement is impressive when one considers that mass-specific rates of oxygen consumption differed by more than 1400% over this size range of animals.

The effect of temperature on standard metabolic rate of Brown Anoles

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Steffen ◽  
Arthur G. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Male And Female

Understanding the influences of sex and ambient temperature on metabolic rates of reptiles is of fundamental interest to biologists because of the role that temperature-dependent metabolic rates play in shaping behaviour, life history evolution and geographic range. We investigated the effects of sex, body mass and temperature on standard metabolic rate, respiratory quotient (RQ), and Q10 in male and female Brown Anoles, Norops sagrei. When mass-adjusted, oxygen consumption increased linearly with temperature, and there was no effect of sex. RQ did not differ by sex or temperature. Q10 was within the range published for other lizards.

scholarly journals Respiration in Chondracanthus Zei de la Roche (Copepoda)

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Keen Interest ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Copepod Parasite ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

In spite of the keen interest evinced in the taxonomy of the parasitic copepods, there is little information on their metabolic rate, though the respiration of free-living forms has been studied by such workers as Marshall & Orr (1955, 1957), Clarke & Bonnett (1939), Zeuthen (1947), Raymont & Gauld (1951), Gauld & Raymont (1953) and Conover (1956). Since the rate of oxygen consumption is a reflexion of the metabolic rate of an animal, it was felt that a study of the rate of oxygen consumption of a copepod parasite would be of interest. Chondracanthus zei De la Roche, 1811, is easily available and large.

The Oxygen Consumption of an Echiuroid, Bonellia Viridis Rolando

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
A. E. BRAFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. The oxygen consumption of the echiuroid Bonellia viridis has been investigated by means of a continuous-flow polarographic respirometer. 2. The general rate of oxygen consumption per unit dry weight is similar to that characteristic of polychaetes, and declines exponentially with increasing body size. 3. The rate of oxygen consumption rises in the light and falls again if darkness is restored. 4. The oxygen consumption of the isolated proboscis plus that of the isolated body region corresponds closely to that of the entire animal. 5. The oxygen consumption per unit dry weight of the proboscis is considerably higher than that of the body region. 6. The oxygen consumption of an isolated body region increases in the presence of light, but that of an isolated proboscis does not. 7. These findings are discussed in relation to the biology of the animal, observed muscular activity, and the occurrence of the pigment bonellin.

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

The Swimming of Nymphon Gracile (Pycnogonida): The Energetics of Swimming at Constant Depth

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
ELFED MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Constant Depth ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tide Period

1. The mechanical power required by Nymphon for swimming at constant depth has been calculated from drag forces acting on the legs. For an adult male this was found to be 3.4 W kg. Only about 60% of this is used to support the animal's weight in water. 2. The metabolic rate fluctuates spontaneously over a tidal cycle, being greatest during the ebb-tide period. The mean rate of oxygen consumption during the animals least active phase was found to be about 0.1 μlO2 mg−1 h−1. 3. The total carbohydrate and lipid immediately available for combustion have been estimated at 4.64 and 16 μg/mg wet wt respectively. These quantities should be adequate for about 42 h periodic swimming in an adult Nymphon.

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