Observations on Spontaneous Stress-Related Mortality Among Males of the Dasyurid Marsupial Antechinus Stuartii Macleay.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
IK Barker ◽  
I Beveridge ◽  
AJ Bradley ◽  
AK Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Related Mortality

Splenic follicle sizes in male A. stuartii killed during the period of male mortality in 1973 were smaller than those of females killed at the same time. In 1974, all 17 males and two of four females held in the laboratory died during the period of male mortality in the field. Significant findings in some moribund animals included moderate anaemia, associated with heavy parasitaemias by Babesia sp. and elevated plasma corticosteroid levels. At autopsy, a high proportion of animals had haemoglobinuria, focal hepatic necrosis, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to gastric and duodenal ulcers. Males dying spontaneously had severely involuted splenic follicles. Listeria monocytogenes was recovered from four livers with focal necrosis but not from six livers with no necrotic foci. Splenic follicles were smaller in one group of males treated experimentally with a high level of exogenous corticosteroid. Deaths were related mainly to gastrointestinal haemorrhage, listeriosis and possibly babesiosis, considered to be associated with an adrenocortical response to stress, and concomitant reduction in resistance to infec- tion or latent disease. The probability that this syndrome is involved in mortality in the field is discussed.

Changes in the Haematology of Antechinus Stuartii (Marsupialia), and Their Association With Male Mortality.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Cheal ◽  
AK Lee ◽  
JL Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

Seasonal changes in the blood parameters of A. stuartii show that most males and a few females are anaemic immediately preceding the post-mating mortality of males. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage and intravascular haemolysis, possibly resulting from infections of Babesia sp., appear probable causes of the anaemias. The marked lymphopenias and neutrophilias observed in males, but not females, are consistent with other evidence of a severe stress response in males at this time. The reduction in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit detected in most anaemic animals was correlated with an increase in the resting oxygen consumption and a reduction in aerobic scope. These changes coincide with a time of considerable energy expenditure by males and may contribute to their demise.

scholarly journals Establishing an ad hoc COVID-19 mortality surveillance during the first epidemic wave in Belgium, 1 March to 21 June 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Renard ◽  
Aline Scohy ◽  
Johan Van der Heyden ◽  
Ilse Peeters ◽  
Sara Dequeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mortality Surveillance ◽  
Related Mortality

Background COVID-19-related mortality in Belgium has drawn attention for two reasons: its high level, and a good completeness in reporting of deaths. An ad hoc surveillance was established to register COVID-19 death numbers in hospitals, long-term care facilities (LTCF) and the community. Belgium adopted broad inclusion criteria for the COVID-19 death notifications, also including possible cases, resulting in a robust correlation between COVID-19 and all-cause mortality. Aim To document and assess the COVID-19 mortality surveillance in Belgium. Methods We described the content and data flows of the registration and we assessed the situation as of 21 June 2020, 103 days after the first death attributable to COVID-19 in Belgium. We calculated the participation rate, the notification delay, the percentage of error detected, and the results of additional investigations. Results The participation rate was 100% for hospitals and 83% for nursing homes. Of all deaths, 85% were recorded within 2 calendar days: 11% within the same day, 41% after 1 day and 33% after 2 days, with a quicker notification in hospitals than in LTCF. Corrections of detected errors reduced the death toll by 5%. Conclusion Belgium implemented a rather complete surveillance of COVID-19 mortality, on account of a rapid investment of the hospitals and LTCF. LTCF could build on past experience of previous surveys and surveillance activities. The adoption of an extended definition of ‘COVID-19-related deaths’ in a context of limited testing capacity has provided timely information about the severity of the epidemic.

Corticosteroid levels and male mortality in Antechinus stuartii

1977 ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. Lee ◽  
Adrian J. Bradley ◽  
Richard W. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Male Mortality ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

scholarly journals Enabling the assessment of trauma-induced hemorrhage via smart wearable systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. eabb1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Zia ◽  
Jacob Kimball ◽  
Christopher Rolfes ◽  
Jin-Oh Hahn ◽  
Omer T. Inan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Median Error ◽  
High Level ◽  
Smart Wearable ◽  
Digital Biomarkers ◽  
Related Mortality

As the leading cause of trauma-related mortality, blood loss due to hemorrhage is notoriously difficult to triage and manage. To enable timely and appropriate care for patients with trauma, this work elucidates the externally measurable physiological features of exsanguination, which were used to develop a globalized model for assessing blood volume status (BVS) or the relative severity of blood loss. These features were captured via both a multimodal wearable system and a catheter-based reference and used to accurately infer BVS in a porcine model of hemorrhage (n = 6). Ultimately, high-level features of cardiomechanical function were shown to strongly predict progression toward cardiovascular collapse and used to estimate BVS with a median error of 15.17 and 18.17% for the catheter-based and wearable systems, respectively. Exploring the nexus of biomedical theory and practice, these findings lay the groundwork for digital biomarkers of hemorrhage severity and warrant further study in human subjects.

scholarly journals Estrés académico y valores de cortisol en estudiantes de medicina.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Julio Conchado Martínez ◽  
Robert Alvarez Ochoa ◽  
Gabriela Cordero Cordero ◽  
Fausto Gutiérrez Ortega ◽  
Francisco Terán Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chemical Mediation ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
El Alto ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
High Level ◽  
De Medicina

El estrés constituye uno de los problemas de salud más generalizado actualmente. Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia del estrés académico (EA) sobre los niveles de cortisol, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó 113 estudiantes (49 hombres y 64 mujeres) del primer ciclo de medicina de la Sede Azogues de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, a los cuales se aplicó el inventario SISCO al concluir el último examen final, procediendo posteriormente a extraer muestra de sangre para la determinación de los valores de cortisol. Los principales resultados muestran que el total de estudiantes tuvieron niveles medio (13.3% hombres, 15.9% mujeres) y alto (30.1% hombres, 40.7% mujeres) de EA. El nivel de EA alto se presentó en un porcentaje significativamente superior de estudiantes y en mujeres. Los valores de cortisol fueron significativamente más elevados en los hombres que en las mujeres en el nivel de EA medio y similares en el alto. En ambos géneros y en general los estudiantes con niveles de EA alto presentaron valores de cortisol significativamente más elevados. Concluyendo, la totalidad de los estudiantes manifiestan niveles medios y altos de EA, constituyendo el cortisol una hormona cuyo incremento desempeña mediación química clave en la respuesta al mismo. ABSTRACT Stress is one of the most widespread health problems today. The main objective of this research was to determine the relation between levels of academic stress (AE) perceived and the concentrations of cortisol in blood, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out that included 113 students (49 men and 64 women) from the first cycle of medicine at the Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE)-Ext. Azogues, to which the SISCO inventory was applied at the conclusion of the last final examination, proceeding subsequently to extract a blood sample for the determination of cortisol values. The main results show that the total of students had average levels (13.3% men, 15.9% women) and high (30.1% men, 40.7% women) of academic stress. The high level of academic stress was presented in a significantly high percentage of students and in female gender. Cortisol values were significantly higher in men than in women at the level of average academic stress and similar in the high level. In both genders and in general, students with high academic stress levels had significantly higher cortisol values. In conclusion, all the students manifest medium and high levels of academic stress, being cortisol a hormone whose increase plays a key chemical mediation in response to stress.      

scholarly journals COVID-19 causes more mortality of men than women, why and how? Scientists view

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
MSA Mansur Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Better Than

As of August 6, 2020, 15;46 GMT COVID -19 cases were 19,062,200 and deaths were 712,741(1). Since the inception of Covid-19, countries around the world are reporting the mortality rate of COVID-19 is significantly higher in men than it is in women. In almost all countries where data is available, it appears men are dying at a higher rate once infected with COVID-19 (2). Research suggests that mast cells in women are able to initiate a more active immune response, which may help them fight infectious diseases better than men. Initial reports from China revealed the early evidence of increased male mortality associated with COVID. According to the Global Health 50/50 research initiative, nearly every country is now reporting significantly higher COVID-19-related mortality rates in males than in females as of June 4 (3). As regards sex of the first deaths reported by the China National Health Commission (NHC) a review was done. The NHC reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm on January 22, 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females (4). According to the WHO Situation Report no. 7 issued on Jan. 27,71% of cases were male. (5)

scholarly journals Diagnosing Microcystin Intoxication of Canines: Clinicopathological Indications, Pathological Characteristics, and Analytical Detection in Postmortem and Antemortem Samples

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Foss ◽  
Mark T. Aubel ◽  
Brandi Gallagher ◽  
Nancy Mettee ◽  
Amanda Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
High Level

In the summer of 2018, six dogs exposed to a harmful algal bloom (HAB) of Microcystis in Martin County Florida (USA) developed clinicopathological signs of microcystin (MC) intoxication (i.e., acute vomiting, diarrhea, severe thrombocytopenia, elevated alanine aminotransferase, hemorrhage). Successful supportive veterinary care was provided and led to survival of all but one patient. Confirmation of MC intoxication was made through interpretation of clinicopathological abnormalities, pathological examination of tissues, microscopy (vomitus), and analytical MC testing of antemortem/postmortem samples (vomitus, blood, urine, bile, liver, kidney, hair). Gross and microscopic examination of the deceased patient confirmed massive hepatic necrosis, mild multifocal renal tubular necrosis, and hemorrhage within multiple organ systems. Microscopy of a vomitus sample confirmed the presence of Microcystis. Three analytical MC testing approaches were used, including the MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) technique, targeted congener analysis (e.g., liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry of MC-LR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total Adda MCs (as MMPB) were confirmed in the liver, bile, kidney, urine, and blood of the deceased dog. Urinalysis (MMPB) of one surviving dog showed a high level of MCs (32,000 ng mL−1) 1-day post exposure, with MCs detectable >2 months post exposure. Furthermore, hair from a surviving dog was positive for MMPB, illustrating another testable route of MC elimination in canines. The described cases represent the first use of urine as an antemortem, non-invasive specimen to diagnose microcystin toxicosis. Antemortem diagnostic testing to confirm MC intoxication cases, whether acute or chronic, is crucial for providing optimal supportive care and mitigating MC exposure.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants Against Aluminum Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Musadia Afa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
High Level

Aluminum (Al 3+) is rhizotoxic ions in the soil (mineral) acid. Al activities increases with increasing soil acidity, below pH 5.5 the solubility of Al 3+ cations will increase. High level of soluble can cause interference with metabolic processes and plant physiology. Cumulatively, the physiology of metabolic disorders and initially looked at the root system. The tip of the root and lateral roots become thickened and hair and roots become lower, causing a decrease in root length and root tissue enlargement thus inhibiting the growth of roots, the absorption of nutrients and water, will further lower the growth, production and productivity of crops. Although Al disrupt metabolism and suppress the growth of the plant, until a certain threshold of adverse effects in Al still be tolerated, depending on the type of plant and the level of activity of Al. Tolerance of crops to Al can be expressed through two mechanisms, namely: external tolerance mechanism and internal tolerance mechanism. The main difference between the two mechanisms is in the area of detoxification Al whether in symplast (internal) or apoplast (exclusion). The ability of plants to be able to adapt to drought stress Al, depends on the ability of plants to produce organic acid in an amount sufficient for eliminating the toxic influence of stress Al. Root exudates of plants capable of producing such an organic acid that plays an important role in adaptation strategies. The high production of organic acids is associated with the formation of specific enzymes, as a response to stress Al. Allegedly the sensitive strain, the synthesis of organic acids is not adequate to chelate Al

scholarly journals Interactions between Ambient Air Particles and Greenness on Cause-specific Mortality in Seven Korean Metropolitan Cities, 2008–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sera Kim ◽  
Honghyok Kim ◽  
Jong-Tae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Related Mortality

This study aims to investigate the association of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) and greenness with cause-specific mortality and their interactions in seven Korean metropolitan cities. We obtained the annual standardized cause-specific mortality rates, annual mean concentration of PM10, and annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 73 districts for the period 2008–2016. We used negative binomial regression with city-specific random effects to estimate the association of PM10 and greenness with mortality. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and spatial autocorrelation. We also conducted stratified analyses to investigate whether the association between PM10 and mortality differs by the level of greenness. Our findings suggest an increased risk of all causes examined, except respiratory disease mortality, with high levels of PM10 and decreased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality with a high level of greenness. In the stratified analyses, we found interactions between PM10 and greenness, but these interactions in the opposite direction depend on the cause of death. The effects of PM10 on cardiovascular-related mortality were attenuated in greener areas, whereas the effects of PM10 on non-accidental mortality were attenuated in less green areas. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Reproductive parameters of surviving 'die-off' male Antechinus flavipes and Antechinus stuartii (Dasyuridae : Marsupialia) in their second year of life

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Male Mortality ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Year Of Life

Males of the genus Antechinus (Dasyuromorphia) undergo dramatic behavioural, physical and physiological change that results in complete male mortality after the mating period. Occasionally, males in the wild survive longer than this immediate post-mating period, and post ‘die-off’ survivorship for a second year has also been documented in captivity. The present study sought to quantify changes in the physiology and behaviour of male A. flavipes and A. stuartii that survive through a second year of life. Males from both species never demonstrated spermatorrhoea in their second year, although secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behaviour were recovered in their second year. Thus, the seminiferous tubular collapse seen before the mating period in their first year of life is irreversible and complete, although the cycling of other sexual characteristics suggests that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal pathways and function of the interstitial cells of the testes are retrievable.

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