In vitro studies on the environmental biology of Goiodes colchici (Denny) (Mallophaga : Ischnocera) II. The effects of temperature and humidity on water loss

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Body Lice

Weight changes have been used to assess the effect of various conditions of temperature and humidity on the rates of water loss of pheasant body lice, G. colchici. Both living and dead animals, in 0% R.H., lose water at a low but increasing rate from 32 to 40C; above this temperature, the rate of water loss suddenly increases. Living insects lose water at half the rate of dead ones over this temperature range. At 35C and 0% R.H., all non-moulting stages lose water at a similar rate. Moulting insects lose water at half the rate of non-moulting ones. The threshold humidity for survival of these insects is within the range 52.5-62.5% R.H. The weight of mature animals does not vary at different humidities above the threshold. In general, the patterns of humidity requirements and regulation of water loss of G. colchici do not differ from those of other insects. There is no evidence that the dependence of these animals on temperatures in the 30-40C range for survival and reproduction is connected with more efficient control of water loss under these conditions.

In vitro studies on the environmental biology of Goiodes colchici (Denny) (Mallophaga : Ischnocera) I. The effects of temperature and humidity on the bionomics of G. colchici

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Chill Coma ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
High Level ◽  
Body Lice

Pheasant body lice, G. colchici, were exposed to various conditions of temperature and humidity, and the consequent variations in adult longevity, egg production, fecundity, and egg resorption recorded. Temperatures in the 30-40C range were found to be essential for normal existence. Above this, animals died within 48 hr. Below this, irrespective of humidity, chill-coma supervened, survival was curtailed, and no eggs were laid. At 30�C, survival was maximal, but few eggs were laid. Due to a high level of fecundity, egg production was maximal at 35C at a high humidity, and survival equalled that at 30C. Levels of fecundity, egg-laying, and survival dropped as the humidity fell, and also as the temperature increased or decreased about 35C. It is evident that survival, fecundity, egg production, and egg-laying are closely geared to temperature and humidity.

In Vitro Studies on the Environmental Biology of Goniodes Colchici (Denny) (Mallophaga:Ischnocera)

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-568
Author(s):  
R. T. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Active Uptake ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

1. Active uptake of water vapour, following previous desiccation, has been studied in the pheasant body louse, Goniodes colchid (Denny). 2. Uptake is not continuous but occurs during limited periods of varying duration. 3. Water vapour is taken up by adult lice at temperatures of 32-44 °C and at humidities of 60-100 % R.H. The rate of uptake is not affected by temperature. The amount of uptake is not affected by humidity but is maximal at 36.8 °C. 4. Water vapour is not taken up at humidities below 50 % R.H. At 55 % R.H. about half of the lice take up the normal amount, the rest none at all. 5. Immature lice take up either much water vapour or none at all at temperatures of 32-44 °C; there is no temperature of maximal uptake. 6. Lice are unable to take up water vapour during moulting and/or starvation. But within 48 h of moulting they are often able to take up enough to increase the body weight above its pre-moult level. 7. It is concluded that in lice of this species the greater part of their water intake is by active uptake of water vapour. The conditions of temperature and humidity which these lice require for survival and reproduction can be understood on this basis.

Effects of temperature and humidity on the development of eggs ofToxocara canisunder laboratory conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Egg Maturation ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe influence of temperature and humidity on the survival and development ofToxocara caniseggs in anin vitromodel system was investigated. Two soil samples were inoculated withT. caniseggs and maintained at 3% and 50% humidity and temperatures of 19–24°C. Nine soil samples were inoculated withT. caniseggs of which three samples were kept at 4°C with humidities at 3%, 15%, and 30%; three were maintained at 21°C and three more were incubated at 34°C, and at the same three humidity levels. Samples were monitored every 7 days for a total of 2 months, for the presence and development of eggs. With increasing temperature, the number of eggs undergoing development increased (P<0.01); the number of deformed eggs decreased, the number of infective eggs increased (P<0.01), and egg maturation was accelerated. A decrease in the survival of infective eggs occurred at 34°C. An increase in humidity produced a rise in the number of developed eggs at all three temperatures (P<0.01). This study suggests that elevated temperatures accelerated the development as well as the degradation of eggs ofT. canis, whereas the range in humidity was directly correlated with egg development.

Structure-Reactivity Relationships on Substrates and Inhibitors of the Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin 2 from Schistosoma Mansoni (SmSirt2)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Monaldi ◽  
Dante Rotili ◽  
Julien Lancelot ◽  
Martin Marek ◽  
Nathalie Wössner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Parasitic Life Cycle

The only drug for treatment of Schistosomiasis is Praziquantel, and the possible emergence of resistance makes research on novel therapeutic agents necessary. Targeting of Schistosoma mansoni epigenetic enzymes, which regulate the parasitic life cycle, emerged as promising approach. Due to the strong effects of human Sirtuin inhibitors on parasite survival and reproduction, Schistosoma sirtuins were postulated as therapeutic targets. In vitro testing of synthetic substrates of S. mansoni Sirtuin 2 (SmSirt2) and kinetic experiments on a myristoylated peptide demonstrated lysine long chain deacylation as an intrinsic SmSirt2 activity for the first time. Focused in vitro screening of the GSK Kinetobox library and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of identified hits, led to the first SmSirt2 inhibitors with activity in the low micromolar range. Several SmSirt2 inhibitors showed potency against both larval schistosomes (viability) and adult worms (pairing, egg laying) in culture without general toxicity to human cancer cells.<br>

In vitro effects of temperature on red blood cell deformability and membrane stability in human and various vertebrate species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adam Attila Matrai ◽  
Gabor Varga ◽  
Bence Tanczos ◽  
Barbara Barath ◽  
Adam Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Way ◽  
Rbc Deformability

BACKGROUND: The effects of temperature on micro-rheological variables have not been completely revealed yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-rheological effects of heat treatment in human, rat, dog, and porcine blood samples. METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) - buffer suspensions were prepared and immersed in a 37, 40, and 43°C heat-controlled water bath for 10 minutes. Deformability, as well as mechanical stability of RBCs were measured in ektacytometer. These tests were also examined in whole blood samples at various temperatures, gradually between 37 and 45°C in the ektacytometer. RESULTS: RBC deformability significantly worsened in the samples treated at 40 and 43°C degrees, more expressed in human, porcine, rat, and in smaller degree in canine samples. The way of heating (incubation vs. ektacytometer temperation) and the composition of the sample (RBC-PBS suspension or whole blood) resulted in the different magnitude of RBC deformability deterioration. Heating affected RBC membrane (mechanical) stability, showing controversial alterations. CONCLUSION: Significant changes occur in RBC deformability by increasing temperature, showing inter-species differences. The magnitude of alterations is depending on the way of heating and the composition of the sample. The results may contribute to better understanding the micro-rheological deterioration in hyperthermia or fever.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

scholarly journals Effects of floral thermogenesis on pollen function in Asian skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Seymour ◽  
Yuka Ito ◽  
Yoshihiko Onda ◽  
Kikukatsu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Skunk Cabbage ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth rate were measured in vitro in thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius Schott ex Tzvelev, and related to floral temperatures in the field. This species has physiologically thermoregulatory spadices that maintain temperatures near 23°C, even in sub-freezing air. Tests at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33°C showed sharp optima at 23°C for both variables, and practically no development at 8°C. Thermogenesis is therefore a requirement for fertilization in early spring. The narrow temperature tolerance is probably related to a long period of evolution in flowers that thermoregulate within a narrow range.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document