Body composition of the Kangaroo (Macropus Sp)

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Tribe ◽  
L Peel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Edible Protein

Results are reported of the dissections of nine red kangaroos (M. rufus) and four grey kangaroos (M. major). Weights of dissected carcass muscle, bone, and fat, of the viscera, and of the parotid and submaxillary glands were all significantly correlated with empty liveweight. The mean percentage of carcass muscle in the liveweight was 51.7%. The kangaroos had more muscle, and less total fat than have domestic livestock of similar liveweights. The parotid and submaxillary glands were similar histologically to those of the calf and the sheep, but the parotid glands of the kangaroo were about twice the weight of those of the calf or sheep. The weight of the submaxillary gland was half the weight of the parotid gland in the kangaroo, and of similar size to that of the sheep or the calf. In view of its body composition it is suggested that the value of the kangaroo as a producer of edible protein in areas marginal for the production of domestic livestock is worthy of investigation.

scholarly journals AB0267 BODY COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1432.2-1432
Author(s):  
N. Toroptsova ◽  
O. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N. Demin ◽  
L. Shornikova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Osteosarcopenic Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory disease that modifies body composition. Using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in RA patients could be a method for body composition changes detection.Objectives:To study the body composition using DXA in patients with RA.Methods:The study involved 79 women with RA, median age 60 [55; 65] years. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry using «Discovery A» (Hologic, USA). Assessment of body composition was carried out, using the program «Whole body». Sarcopenia (SP) was diagnosed as a decrease in appendicular mass index (AMI) <6.0 kg/m2. Osteoporosis (OP) was diagnosed as a decrease in T-score <-2.5 SD. Osteosarcopenia was determined when T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2, osteosarcopenic obesity - T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2and total fat was >35%.Results:The mean duration of RA was 9 [3; 11] years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.6±4.8 kg/m2. Disease activity score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 4.5±1.3 points for the group. 39 (49.3%) patients used oral glucocorticoids continuously. Appendicular muscle mass and AMI were on average 17.8±3.0 kg and 6.8±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. AMI <6 kg/m2was detected in 20 (25.3%) patients. 56 (70.9%) women with RA had total fat > 35%, while only 22 (27.8%) of women with RA had obesity according to BMI (BMI >30 kg/m2). Isolated OP was found in 13 (16.5%), osteosarcopenia in 7 (8.9%) and osteosarcopenic obesity in 13 (16.5%) patients RA. No cases with isolated sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity were detected. Only 3 (3.8%) patients did not have appendicular muscle mass, AMI and BMD decrease and overfat or obesity.Conclusion:About 97% women with RA had abnormal body composition phenotype: 16,5% - OP, 8.9% -osteosarcopenia, 16,5% - osteosarcopenic obesity and 54,4% - overfat.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Cellular dynamics of rats' submaxillary gland during heat acclimatization

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Horowitz ◽  
W. A. Soskolne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Gland Enlargement

Male laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) ranging between 130 and 160 g were subjected to ambient temperatures of 34.5 degrees C from 0 to 28 days. The submaxillary gland, liver, spleen, and kidney were weighed. The acini size and the mitotic index of the acinar cells after intraperitoneal injection of vinblastine sulfate and colchicine were recorded for the submaxillary and parotid glands. The submaxillary glands showed increased growth rate over the initial 5 days, whereas the growth rate of the other organs decreased. The submaxillary gland enlargement was due to an initial hyperplasia of the acini cells reaching a maximum on the 2nd day. This was followed by hypertrophy of the Acini reaching a maximum on the l0th day. The parotid acini at control values throughout the experiment. It is postulated that the gland enlargement is effected to increase evaporative heat loss during the early stages of acclimatization prior to the lowering of heat production resulting from biochemical adaptation.

Reproduction and nutrient reserves of arctic ground squirrels

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kiell ◽  
John S. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Stored Reserves

Body composition, caloric value, and size of selected organs of arctic ground squirrels (Spermorphilus parryii) were examined seasonally and in relation to reproductive status in order to determine if females obtain nutrients for offspring from stored reserves prior to the availability of new vegetation. Seasonal changes in body composition were similar in males and females. Females showed a depletion of skeletal components, total fat, and caloric value during lactation. The mean reduction in caloric value between pregnancy and lactation (495 kcal; 1 cal = 4.1868 J) accounted for only 31% of the estimated 1600 kcal contributed to offspring by a female. Females must support offspring through an increased ingestion of food prior to the availability of new vegetation.

Relationship of salivary flow and pressure in dog submaxillary and parotid glands

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Langley ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Relationship Of

The maximal secretion pressure in both the submaxillary and parotid gland varies directly with the rate of flow. At high rates (1 ml/min) of flow the pressure in the submaxillary gland is significantly higher than that in the parotid. At these flow rates the secretion pressure in both glands is higher than the capillary blood pressure.

scholarly journals The Long-term Recovery of Parotid Glands and Oral QOL in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treated by Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Tasaka ◽  
Keiichi Jingu ◽  
Noriyoshi Takahashi ◽  
Haruo Matsushita ◽  
Rei Umezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundXerostomia is one of the most common adverse events of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal volume the change of parotid gland after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer and the relationship between parotid irradiation dose and xerostomia symptoms.Methods We retrospectively analyzed longitudinal changing of parotid gland volumes in 20 patients treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). We assessed xerostomia 4 years or more after IMRT by measuring the degree of oral moisture and oral QOL evaluation.ResultsThe relative parotid volumes at 0-6, 7-18, 19-30, 31-42, 43-54 and 55-66 months after IMRT were67.9 ± 10.1%, 67.7 ± 13.6%, 74.3 ± 12.5%, 75.8 ± 12.4%, 78.3 ± 17.4%, and 75.3% ± 17.7%, respectively. The parotid volume had recovered significantly at 31-42 months after IMRT, especially in parotid receiving less than 40 Gy. The mean irradiated dose for bilateral parotids showed negative correlations with oral QOL score and oral moisture. ConclusionThe mean irradiated dose for the parotid should be reduce as much as possible to improve oral QOL long after IMRT.

scholarly journals Changes in Adiposity and Dietary Intake during Nowruz Holiday in University Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Gholampour ◽  
Ahmadreza Zarifian ◽  
Samaneh Ansari ◽  
Aminreza Amini ◽  
Abdolreza Norouzy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Total Fat

Aims: This study aimed to assess possible alterations in adiposity and dietary intake during holiday periods in healthy subjects. Study Design: 452 students of medicine faculty of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were participated in this study and announced via internet and campus announcement in Feb 2014. Methodology: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured using standard protocols. Individual nutritional intakes were assessed using the Dietplan6 software. SPSS software version 11.5 was used for statistical analysis.  Results: Of the 452 students who attended the pre-holiday visit, 433 returned for the post-holiday appointments. Of these participants, 82 (18.1%) were men. The mean age was 24.4 years for men and 23.8 years for women (p=0.171). All the adiposity and body composition variables significantly changed over the follow-up except for fat free mass (p=0.074) and truck fat free mass (p=0.935). Mean weight of participants increased from 63.5 kg to 63.9 kg at the end of holiday (absolute change 0.37 kg, p<0.001). Total energy intake increased by 16.4%, carbohydrate by 15.9% and total fat by 25.4%, and significant association were observed between changes in some dietary variables and change in adiposity during follow-up (15 days). Conclusion: In conclusion, holidays like Nowruz play a significant role in periodical weight gain and obesity in the college students of Mashhad University. Moreover we have found that dietary intake of carbohydrate and total fat increased through Nowruz holiday.  Understanding times when people are more likely to gain weight including holidays is important for the development of prevention strategies.

The development of parotid salivation in the lamb

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Stimulation Of

The development of the parotid gland was studied in lambs reared under the following three dietary conditions: (a) lambs freely grazed with their ewes; (b) lambs hand-reared on milk and hay; (c) lambs hand-reared on milk alone. Weekly measurements were made of the saliva flowing from the cannulated parotids of two anaesthetized lambs from each group, during reflex and electrical stimulation of their glands. The fresh weights of the parotid and submaxillary glands and of the four stomachs were also recorded. Before 4 weeks of age, all the parotid glands were physiologically immature, secreting only 0.1–0.2 g saliva/g parotid tissue/min. The parotids of the grazing lambs developed rapidly from 4 to 6 weeks of age and reached adult capacity of 0.50–0.65 g/g/min between 7 and 10 weeks of age. The parotids of the lambs receiving millr and hay developed more slowly than the grazing lambs, while the parotids of the lambs receiving milk only scarcely developed at all. The histological examination of these glands showed that the parotids of the 2-week-old lambs were immature. Differentiation in the grazing group occurred at 4–6 weeks of age, while no differentiation occurred in the lambs fed milk only. The rate of flow of parotid saliva from all lambs was significantly correlated with the fresh weight of rumen tissue. The parotid gland increased in weight in relation to the rumen weight and not to the body weight.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

An exploration of food industry led reformulation on fortified food staples in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daragh McMenemy ◽  
Frances Kelly ◽  
Mary Rose Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Food Staples ◽  
Serving Sizes

Abstract Background Food industry led reformulation efforts have attempted to address the prevalence of obesity by modifying nutrient compositions in food products. This study explored progress in nutrient composition alterations in products in Irish supermarkets by comparing the nutrient labels of products sold in 2014 and 2017. Methods We conducted two supermarket audits in 2014 and 2017 to examine the changes in the nutrient profile of cereals, breads, spreads, unflavoured milks, yogurts and juices. Information on the nutrients of interest to the study (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, saturated fat, salt, sugar and some micronutrients) were extracted and stored in Microsoft Excel. The nutrient profile of each product was compared across the two timepoints. Our study shows that the mean level of sugars in cereals remains high and that the mean level of salt remains high in cereals, breads, and spreads. Results In total, 143 products were directly compared (86 cereals, 26 breads, 17 spreads and 14 milks). Our study shows that the composition of salt and sugar in cereal, bread, spreads and milk has declined by 12 and 7%, respectively. Saturated fat has declined in cereals (7%), but has increased in breads (12%), spreads (1%), and milks (5%). Manufacturers increased the serving sizes in nine cereals and one milk. Conclusions From a population health perspective, the results are encouraging but care should be exercised by the food industry not to allow total fat and saturated fat levels to creep upwards. Further research and engagement of public health specialists and the food industry are needed.

scholarly journals 18F-FDG-PET/CT in radiation therapy-induced parotid gland inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mouminah ◽  
Austin J. Borja ◽  
Emily C. Hancin ◽  
Yu Cheng Chang ◽  
Thomas J. Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is used in the clinical management of oncologic and inflammatory pathologies. It may have utility in detecting radiotherapy (RT)-induced damage of oral tissues. Thus, the aim of the present study was to use FDG-PET/CT to evaluate parotid gland inflammation following RT in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods This retrospective study included patients with HNC treated with photon, proton, or combined photon/proton RT, in addition to chemotherapy. All patients received FDG-PET/CT imaging pre-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. The average mean standardized uptake value (Avg SUVmean) and the average maximum standardized uptake value (Avg SUVmax) of the left and right parotid glands were determined by global assessment of FDG activity using OsiriX MD software. A two-tailed paired t test was used to compare Avg SUVmean and Avg SUVmax pre- and post-RT. Results Forty-seven HNC patients were included in the study. Parotid gland Avg SUVmean was significantly higher at 3 months post-treatment than pre-treatment (p < 0.05) in patients treated with photon RT, but no significant differences were found between pre- and post-treatment Avg SUVmean in patients treated with proton RT or combined photon/proton RT. Conclusion Our results suggest that photon RT may cause radiation-induced inflammation of the parotid gland, and that proton RT, which distributes less off-target radiation, is a safer treatment alternative.

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