Milk composition of the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii Desmarest) (Macropodoidea:Marsupialia) in captivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rose ◽  
A. D. Shetewi ◽  
K. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
High Level

This is the first study of milk composition in any member of the wallaby genus Thylogale. Milk samples (n = 44) were collected after oxytocin injection from 12 females carrying pouch young aged 2–30 weeks followed by sampling of the mothers until weaning by Week 39. The lactation period could be partitioned into early (Weeks 2–20), mid (Weeks 21–30) and late (>30 weeks) stages. Although milk concentrations changed little during lactation the energy content increased almost 4-fold from 540 ± 39 kJ (100 mL)–1 (mean ± s.e.) to 1908 ± 102 kJ (100 mL)–1. Carbohydrate concentrations decreased from 13.3 ± 0.1 g (100 mL)–1 (early lactation) to 10.9 ± 0.9 g (100 mL)–1 in mid-lactation, falling to 4.8 ± 0.9 g (100 mL)–1 in late lactation. Lipid increased from 6.3 ± 1.1 g (100 mL)–1 to 12.5 ± 4.1 g (100 mL)–1, reaching 31.4 ± 5.0 g (100 mL)–1 in late lactation. Protein increased from 3.3 ± 0.1 g (100 mL)–1 to 9.7 ± 1.6 g (100 mL)–1 in mid-lactation to 14.0 ± 1.5 g (100 mL)–1 in late lactation. This relatively high level of lipid and protein in late lactation may be the cause of the more rapid growth and, hence, shorter pouch life of the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii) compared with the well studied tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).

scholarly journals Changes in Milk Carbohydrates and Electrolytes during Early Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Messer ◽  
M Griffiths ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Milk Samples

Milk samples were collected from 13 tammar wallabies immediately post partum and from a further 10 animals at various times up to 3 weeks after birth.

scholarly journals Changes in Milk Composition During Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby (Macropus Eugenii)

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
J Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Milk samples were obtained at regular intervals throughout lactation from tammar wallabies (M. eugenii). Total solids represented only 12 % (w/w) of the milk at the commencement of lactation and gradually increased to about 40% at 36 weeks. Milk proteins represented 4% (w/w) of whole milk during the first 18 weeks of lactation, followed by a rapid increase to around 13 % (w/w) at 36 weeks. Sodium and potassium concentrations were high in early samples of milk but declined to minimal values at 30 weeks. The milk was isosmotic to the plasma at all stages.

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Parturient Iodine Teat Dip Applications on Modulating Aversive Behaviors and Mastitis in Primiparous Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Phillips ◽  
Ulrike S. Sorge ◽  
Bradley J. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Teat Dipping

Heifers and their human handlers are at risk for decreased welfare during the early lactation period. This experiment investigated pre-parturient teat dipping and parlor acclimation to reduce mastitis and aversive behaviors in early lactation heifers. Three weeks prior to calving, heifers were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) a weekly 1.0% iodine-based teat dip in the parlor (trained; n = 37) or (2) no treatment (control; n = 30). For the first 3 days of lactation, heifers were milked twice daily, and treatment-blinded handlers assessed behaviors and clinical mastitis. Aseptic quarter milk samples were collected within 36 h of calving and analyzed for pathogens. Control heifers had (OR ± SE) 2.2 ± 0.6 times greater (p < 0.01) odds of kicking during milking. Trained heifers had (OR ± SE) 1.7 ± 0.4 times greater (p = 0.02) odds of being very calm during milking, while control heifers had 2.2 ± 0.8 and 3.8 ± 2.1 times greater (p < 0.04) odds of being restless and very restless or hostile during milking, respectively. Quarters of control heifers had (OR ± SE) 5.4 ± 3.4 greater (p < 0.01) odds of intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infection, yet clinical mastitis was similar among treatments. The results indicate that teat dipping in the parlor weekly for 3 weeks before calving may alleviate some aversive milking behaviors and protect against early lactation S. aureus intramammary infections.

Lactation and Energetics of Growth in the Brush-Tailed Bettong, Bettongia-Penicillata (Marsupialia, Potoroidae) in Captivity

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant ◽  
JA Libke ◽  
MJ Smith
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Size ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bettongia Penicillata ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Consumption Rates

Milk samples were collected from 20 captive bettongs at various times during the 140 days of lactation to determine milk composition. Milk consumption rates of young were measured, using Na-22 turnover, up to the time of their permanent emergence from the pouch and before solid food was consumed. Milk composition followed the general patterns of change observed previously in other marsupials and included the characteristic drop in carbohydrate concentrations associated with permanent exit from the pouch. Milk consumption rates increased from about 1.0 mL day(-1) at 35 days to about 23 mL day(-1) at 90 days, just before permanent emergence from the pouch. Increases in milk consumption were paralleled by changes in the size of the mammary glands, which reached their maximum size at about 100-110 days. The efficiency with which young used milk to accumulate body tissue ranged from 0.39 to 0.51 g mL(-1). Milk energy and protein were converted to body tissue with efficiencies of 21.3-29 6% and 70.1-93 5% respectively.

scholarly journals Cross validation of cut–off limit estimations for milk indicators of subclinical ketosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1661-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Petr Roubal ◽  
Eva Samková ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Gustav Chládek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Milk Samples

Real time analyses of main milk components are attended in milking parlours today. Breeders can know milk composition regularly. Energy (ketosis) milk quotients such as fat/crude protein (F/CP) and fat/lactose (F/L) could be essential for ketosis prevention and losses which can be linked with it. Aim was to do a reciprocal validation of reliability of milk indicators for subclinical ketosis (SK) identification. There were: dairy cows on 1st and other lactations free of clinical and superior subclinical mastitis; 3 herds of Czech Fleckvieh (CF) breed, 3 herds of Holstein (H) breed and 1 herd with CF and H; 329 individual milk samples from summer and winter season and 1st third of lactation. Average milk yield varied from 5,500 to 10,000 kg per lactation. Thresholds of F/CP and F/L were estimated (P < 0.05) according to SK milk acetone cut–off limit (≥10 mg.l−1). These were: for first lactation 1.27 (CF) and 1.32 (H), for other lactations 1.52 (CF) and 1.42 (H) in F/CP; for first lactation 0.84 (CF) and 0.84 (H), for other lactations 0.87 (CF) and 0.85 (H) in F/L. They were used for cross validation (P < 0.001) in the same order: 1.251, 1.31, 1.31 and 1.383 in F/CP; 0.831, 0.821, 0.989 and 0.852 in F/L. Validated cut–off limits are quite similar to their original values. It confirmes good reliability of original limits. The validated cut–off limits of milk indicators (F/CP and F/L) for SK in early lactation can be used at technological innovation in animal husbandry. Use of both quotients could improve the regular investigation of SK in practice.

Studies on the Nutrition of Macropodine Marsupials. 2. Urea and Water Metabolism in Thylogale Thetis and Macropus Eugenii; Two Wallabies From Divergent Habitats.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Dellow ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Urine Concentrating Ability

Urea and water metabolism were studied in the red-necked pademelon Thylogale thetis. and tammar wallaby Mucropus eugenii fed diets of chopped lucerne hay and fresh grass Phalaris aquatica ad libitum. On both diets T. thetis consumed more nitrogen (P<0.05), plasma urea levels were higher (P<0.05) and urea entry rate was greater (P<0.05) than in M. eugenii. Urea excretion rate was greater (P<0.05) in T. thetis than in M. eugenii on the lucerne diet, and urea degradation rate was greater (P<0.05) in T. thetis on the Phalaris diet. The proportion of urea synthesized that was recycled to and degraded in the digestive tract was similar (52-56%) in both species on both diets. T. thetis consumed more water (feed and drinking water) (P<0.05), and water turnover time was less (P<0.05) and turnover rate greater (P<0.05) than in M. eugenii, on both diets. At least on diets of adequate nitrogen and digestible energy content, it appears that differences in nitrogen metabolism between T. thetis and M. eugenii are not attributable to differences in gut microbial activity; rather, the results of this and other studies suggest that M. eugenii has a greater urine-concentrating ability and lower maintenance requirements than T. thetis.

A precise, low-cost milk sampler to enable the analysis of fat, protein, lactose and somatic cells in milk from individual cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
T. Clarke ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
H. Wientjes
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Milk Samples

Less than half of Australian dairy farmers undertake production recording that normally requires the collection of milk samples for the measurements of fat, protein and lactose percentages and somatic cell count. Usually the milk samples are collected from individual animals on a ‘one-day-per-month’ basis by temporary milk-metering or sampling devices. Farmers who do not participate in production recording programs may be encouraged to do so if they could use a simple, robust, inexpensive, convenient and precise sampler. A sampler has been developed to meet these criteria. In this paper we report on the precision and bias of the new sampler with respect to milk composition and somatic cell count by comparison with samples collected by test buckets. For milk fat, the precision was only 3.1% and bias was +0.002% coefficient of variation. Precision for fat yield over a lactation period increases by only 0.02% when compared with results based on samplers that are approved by the International Committee for Animal Recording. We consider that the combination of low sampler cost and low sampler errors makes the new sampler aptly suited for production recording and monitoring somatic cell count.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document