Determining kangaroo age from lens protein content

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Augusteyn ◽  
Graeme Coulson ◽  
Kerry A. Landman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lens Protein ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Kangaroos can be aged by external morphometrics only when young (pre-weaning). Indices of molar progression are used to estimate the age of older kangaroos, but that method rests on a number of tenuous assumptions. This study explored the use of the eye lens as an alternative method for determining age. Body mass, foot size, arm length and wet mass of the lens were measured in 40 red (Macropus rufus), 476 western grey (M. fuliginosus) and 57 eastern grey (M. giganteus) kangaroos, ranging in age from 3 days to ~20 years. Total protein contents were determined for 556 lenses from these animals. Body mass and limb dimensions increase with age, at different rates for males and females, but the wet mass and protein content of lenses are independent of sex. Furthermore, the lens data approach their asymptote later than any of the other measurements, making them more reliable for aging older animals. The relationship between total protein contents (in milligrams) and age (in years estimated from molar index) can be described with a single equation for all three species over the whole age range from newborn to adult.

The relationship between body mass and rate of rewarming from hibernation and daily torpor in mammals

1990 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Geiser ◽  
R. V. Baudinette
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
The Relationship

1. Rewarming rate from torpor and body mass were inversely related in 86 mammals ranging in body mass between 2 and 8500 g. 2. Most of the mammalian taxa investigated showed a similar change of rewarming rate with body mass. Only the insectivores showed a more pronounced increase in rewarming with a decrease in body mass than did the other taxa. The rates of rewarming of marsupials were similar to those of placentals. 3. At low air temperature (Ta), the rate of rewarming of marsupials was not related to body mass, although a strong relationship between the two variables was observed in the same species at high Ta. 4. The slopes relating rewarming rates and body mass of the mammalian groups and taxa analysed here were similar to those obtained earlier for mass-specific basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass in mammals, suggesting that the rate of rewarming and BMR are physiologically linked.

scholarly journals Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Hypertension in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Zhang ◽  
Kun He ◽  
Hao Zhao ◽  
Xueqi Hu ◽  
Chunyu Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between obesity and prevalent hypertension in older adults has predominantly been estimated using categorical measures of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), masking the shape of the dose-response relationship. We aimed to examine the precise relationship of BMI, WC with hypertension, and to assess the appropriate level of BMI and WC for hypertension. Methods: We examined data for 126,123 individuals in Xinzheng city aged ≥60 years from a population based study from January to December 2019. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship and the appropriate level of BMI and WC for hypertension. An additive interaction analysis was used to test synergistic effects between a higher BMI and WC for hypertension. Results: The full-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of an increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI and 1 cm in WC for hypertension were 1.084 (1.080-1.087) and 1.025 (1.024-1.027), respectively. Multivariable adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses showed the nonlinear relationships of BMI and WC with hypertension in both men and women (all P<0.001). The risk of hypertension increased steeply with increasing BMI from ≥25 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 88 cm or 86 cm for males and females, respectively. And we observed a significant additive interaction between a higher BMI and WC such that the prevalence of hypertension was significantly enhanced. Conclusion: These findings suggest increased hypertension prevalence in the elderly population with increased BMI and WC. BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and WC ≤ 88 cm or 86 cm for males and females may be the best suggestion with regard to primary prevention of hypertension in older adults.

scholarly journals Impact of contamination on biology, biochemical, and histology of Eobania vermiculata and Monacha obstructa during different seasons in Ismailia, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El Fattah Ali Ghobashy ◽  
Asma W. Al-Thomali ◽  
Maha F. M. Soliman ◽  
Amaal Mohammadein ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Eobania Vermiculata

Land snails are found to be an appropriate sentinel organism, and the biomarkers chosen are effective for terrestrial heavy metal biomonitoring. The study aimed to compare the biological, biochemistry, and histology of two land snails in the Ismailia governorate, Egypt during different seasons. Random snails were collected from January 2015 to December 2015 from two sites in the Ismailia Governorate, on wet days during each season's middle month. Soft tissues were taken from the dissected snails. It was noticed that most of the morphometric parameters measured shell height (ShH), last whorl width (LWW), maximum diameter (MaxD), aperture height (AH), and aperture width (AW) were higher in Eobania vermiculata (Sp. 1) than those measured in Monacha obstructa (Sp. 2), except for shell height measurement, which was the same in both species. The growth rate of Sp. 1 and Sp. 2 changed seasonally. In the more polluted areas with heavy metals, lipid peroxidation (LPO) was higher in snails and total protein content than in the snails collected from the less polluted areas for all seasons. However, the snails displayed lower levels of glutathione (GSH) as compared to snails at a less polluted site. GSH and LPO levels, on the other hand, have a negative relationship between them. Histopathological alterations in the digestive gland were more obvious in the general architecture of the digestive gland that had lost its tubular appearance. The excretory cells showed an increase in their excretory granules' number and size while calcium cells decreased. Also, gonad follicles have lost their normal architecture with the degeneration of some stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In conclusion, There was a strong correlation between GSH levels and total protein content in the same soft tissues. GSH and LPO levels, on the other hand, have a negative relationship. The overall results display the usefulness of E. vermiculata and M. obstructa land snails as bioindicator organisms and support the application of this ecotoxicological approach for evaluating the biologic impact of toxins. E. vermiculata is more abundant than M. obstructa . The density, morphometric, biochemical, and histology of E. vermiculata and M. obstructa were different at different seasons.

scholarly journals The Relationships of Future Anxiety with some Variables among the Vocational Training Students

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Zegaoua Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the level of future anxiety among students of' vocational training. The relationship of future anxiety gender and vocational specialization was tested. The researcher developed a questionnaire of future anxiety which was distributed to 112 students who were in four vocational specializations. The results revealed that there was an average level of future anxiety among the vocational training students, in the total score as well as in the vocational, academic, social, and psychological dimensions. However, there was low level of future anxiety in the economic dimension. There were also statistically significant differences between males and females on the level of future anxiety, while there were no statistically significant differences on the other dimensions attributed to the vocational specialization. In light of the findings the researcher proposed a number of recommendations. 

scholarly journals Comparing enzyme activity modifier equations through the development of global data fitting templates in Excel

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binding Curve ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Global Fitting

The classical way of defining enzyme inhibition has obscured the distinction between inhibitory effect and the inhibitor binding constant. This article examines the relationship between the simple binding curve used to define biomolecular interactions and the standard inhibitory term (1 + ([I]∕Ki)). By understanding how this term relates to binding curves which are ubiquitously used to describe biological processes, a modifier equation which distinguishes between inhibitor binding and the inhibitory effect, is examined. This modifier equation which can describe both activation and inhibition is compared to standard inhibitory equations with the development of global data fitting templates in Excel and via the global fitting of these equations to simulated and previously published datasets. In both cases, this modifier equation was able to match or outperform the other equations by providing superior fits to the datasets. The ability of this single equation to outperform the other equations suggests an over-complication of the field. This equation and the template developed in this article should prove to be useful tools in the study of enzyme inhibition and activation.

PROGRESS OF PREMATURE INFANTS FED A FORMULA CONTAINING DEMINERALIZED WHEY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Walter B. Omans ◽  
Catharine S. Rose ◽  
Paul György
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Food Efficiency Ratio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Formula

One hundred fifty-two premature infants were fed a formula in which the protein was partially derived from demineralized electrodialyzed whey. The resulting formula has the same fat, carbohydrate, and protein content as the other commercially available "simulated human milks," but 50% of the protein is from whey and the total electrolyte load is lower. In consequence the total osmolar load is considerably reduced. Studies of infants fed this new formula were compared with studies using a "simulated human milk." The new formula was well accepted. The infants grew well in weight and height. Values for blood urea nitrogen, and total protein and phosphorus in serum, were the same for both formulas. Slight but significant differences were found in cholesterol, albumin, and gamma-globulin levels. The difference in the food efficiency ratio between the two formulas was not statistically significant.

Size Matters: Body Size is Correlated with Longevity in Speckled Cockroaches (Nauphoeta cineria).

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Badwan ◽  
James Harper
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Status ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

Background: A relationship between body size and longevity has long been appreciated within eukaryotes, especially vertebrates. Introduction: In general, large size is associated with increased longevity among species of mammals and birds but is associated with decreased longevity within individual species such as dogs and mice. In this study, we examined the relationship between measures of individual body size and longevity in a captive population of speckled cockroaches (Nauphoeta cineria). Method: Newly molted adults of both sexes were removed from a mass colony housed in multiple terraria and housed individually with food and water provided ad libitum for the duration of their lifespan. Thrice weekly, the status (i.e. live/dead) of individual cockroaches was noted for the duration of the study. Individuals found dead were weighed and measured to obtain body mass and morphometric measures and the age at the time of death was recorded. The relationship between body size and lifespan was assessed. Result: Contrary to what is commonly seen within vertebrates, large cockroaches were longer-lived than their smaller counterparts. Specifically, body mass, body length and pronotum width were all significantly correlated with the age at death in a mixed population of males and females (n = 94). In addition, we found that the longevity of a historically larger population in terms of both body mass and body length were significantly longer-lived than the population used in this study. Conclusion: These data indicate there is a significant interaction between body size and aging in this species and that increased size results in a survival advantage. There is evidence in the literature indicating that a positive relationship between size and longevity may be common in insects.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between total cholesterol, age, body mass index among males and females in the WHO MONICA Project

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gostynski ◽  
◽  
F Gutzwiller ◽  
K Kuulasmaa ◽  
A Döring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monica Project

scholarly journals Comparing enzyme activity modifier equations through the development of global data fitting templates in Excel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binding Curve ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Global Fitting

The classical way of defining enzyme inhibition has obscured the distinction between inhibitory effect and the inhibitor binding constant. This article examines the relationship between the simple binding curve used to define biomolecular interactions and the standard inhibitory term (1+([I]/Ki)). By understanding how this term relates to binding curves which are ubiquitously used to describe biological processes, a modifier equation which distinguishes between inhibitor binding and the inhibitory effect, is examined. This modifier equation which can describe both activation and inhibition is compared to standard inhibitory equations with the development of global data fitting templates in Excel and via the global fitting of these equations to simulated and previously published datasets. In both cases, this modifier equation was able to match or outperform the other equations by providing superior fits to the datasets. The ability of this single equation to outperform the other equations suggests an over-complication of the field. This equation and the template developed in this article should prove to be useful tools in the study of enzyme inhibition and activation.

scholarly journals Relación entre el índice de masa corporal y la competencia percibida en adolescentes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (Relation between de body max index and the perceived motor competence in secondary education)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Saioa Urrutia Gutierrez ◽  
Susana Irazusta Adarraga ◽  
Amaia Balerdi Iztueta ◽  
Oscar González Rodríguez ◽  
José Antonio Arruza Gabilondo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Communication ◽  
Different Levels

En esta sociedad, caracterizada por el desarrollo del conocimiento, de las tecnologías de la comunicación y de la generalización de los medios de transporte, los niveles de actividad física en la vida cotidiana han descendido. Esto ha traído un aumento del sedentarismo, trastornos relacionados con la salud y la alimentación y obesidad. Diferentes investigaciones han mostrado que tales co-morbilidades pueden derivarse del descenso del nivel de competencia motriz que se viene produciendo en los últimos años y su relación con la percepción de la misma. Ante esta situación, nos hemos propuesto determinar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal y la percepción de competencia. 366 sujetos de 13 a 16 años han participado en estudio. Se ha medido el peso (kgs y la altura (metros) de los sujetos y se les ha aplicado el cuestionario AMPET-R. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas en cuanto al índice de masa corporal y que los chicos obtienen  valores más altos en Percepción de competencia motriz que las chicas. Por otro lado, se ha comprobado que el índice de masa corporal y la percepción de competencia se relacionan significativa y negativamente, tanto para los chicos como para las chicas.Palabras clave: Competencia motriz percibida; Índice de Masa Corporal; Sobrepeso; Obesidad.Abstract: This society, characterized by the development of knowledge, communication technologies and the generalization of transports, levels of physical activity in daily life have been declined. This has increased the sedentary lifestyle, health and nutrition related disorders and obesity. Different studies have demonstrated that this kind of co-morbidities may result from the decreased level of motor competence that has been occurring in recent years and the relation to the perception of it. At this point, we proposed to determine the relationship between body mass index and perceived motor competence. 366 subjects from 13 to 16 years have participated in this study. The weight (kg) and height (meters) of participants was measured while they were answering the AMPET-R questionnaire. The results show that there are not significant differences between different levels of body mass index and boys obtained higher values for perceived motor competence than girls. On the other hand, it has been show that body mass index and perceived motor competence are related significantly but negatively, for both girls and boys.Key words: Perceived motor competence; body mass index; overweight; obesity.

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