Acute Toxicity of Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) Baits to Feral Cats.

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Eason ◽  
CM Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Higher Doses

Feral cat populations have a devastating effect on many native wildlife species. As part of a programme to evaluate improved predator control, feral cats were observed after they had ingested a polymer bait loaded with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) 0.4-1.6 mg/g bait, equivalent to doses of 0.1-1.3 mg/kg body weight. Deaths occurred with 0.6 mg/g bait and all higher doses. With the highest dose all animals died within 24 h. An approximate oral LD50 of 0.28 mg/kg (0.07-0.49) and LD90 of 0.35 mg/kg (0.14-0.56) were calculated (with 95% confidence limits). Main symptoms were disorientation and lethargy, followed by death. A dose of 2 mg/g bait is recommended as a humane and lethal dose of 1080 for feral cats.

Acute Oral Safety Study of Sodium Caseinate Glycosylated via Maillard Reaction with Galactose in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
ARTURO ANADÓN ◽  
MARIA A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
IRMA ARES ◽  
VICTOR CASTELLANO ◽  
MARIA R. MARTÍNEZ-LARRAÑAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats

In order to potentially use sodium caseinate (SC) glycated with galactose (Gal) in the food industry as a new functional ingredient with proved technological and biological properties, an evaluation of oral acute toxicity has been carried out. An acute safety study with SC-Gal glycoconjugates in the Wistar rat with a single oral gavage dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight was conducted. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates were well tolerated; no adverse effects or mortality was observed during the 2-week observation period. No abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or alterations in food and water consumption occurred. After this period, no changes in hematological and serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or gross pathology or histopathology were detected. It was concluded that SC-Gal glycoconjugates obtained via the Maillard reaction were well tolerated in rats at an acute oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates have a low order of acute toxicity, and the oral 50% lethal dose for male and female rats is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity assessment for TiO2 photocatalyst (GST) made from wastewater using TiCl4 in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021019
Author(s):  
Ja Kyung Seol ◽  
Myeongkyu Park ◽  
Jae Min Im ◽  
Heung Sik Seo ◽  
Hee Ju Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes

TiO2 was a photocatalyst that used to the most common product because of the high efficiency. TiO2 (P-25, commercial nanomaterial product) is the most typical photocatalyst product and TiO2 (GST) was a sludge recycling product. This study was reported to evaluate an acute toxicity of TiO2 (P-25 and GST) according to OECD test guideline 402 and 423 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats via route of oral and dermal. There was investigated the lethal dose (LD50), and mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 14 days following the single administration. After administration, TiO2 (P-25) was calculated that LD50 was considered to be a dose of over 2000 mg/kg body weight for both different route of exposure, and TiO2 (GST) was the same. Other items were no observed an adverse effect between P-25 and GST; no mortality and clinical signs, accidental body weight loss, no gross findings. On the basis of the above results, the toxicity of the GST was almost equal to that of the commercial product, P-25 and there was no toxicological evidence.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MALAKA (Phyllantus emblica) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus). (Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) Leaves on Mice (Mus musculus))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
T. Armansyah TR ◽  
Sudi Indriany ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicity Symptom ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to asses the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves using lethal dose 50 (LD50) on mice (Mus musculus). Twenty male mice weighing between 20-30 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (group K1-K4) of 5 mice each. All mice in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 were administered ethanolic extract of malaka leaves with the dose of 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg bw, respectively. Single dose of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves were given by oral gavage prior to clinical observation . The observation period was 14 days post administration, for sign of toxicity symptom, weight loss, and mortality. The result showed that no mortality was observed in the experimental animals during this study. Slight reduction of body weight was observed in group K2, K3, and K4, and no toxicity sign was found during fourteen days of observation. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves was higher than 16 g/kg body weight, thus, the substance was practically non toxic substance.

scholarly journals TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽  
Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

Integrating feral cat (Felis catus) control into landscape-scale introduced predator management to improve conservation prospects for threatened fauna: a case study from the south coast of Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
S. Comer ◽  
L. Clausen ◽  
S. Cowen ◽  
J. Pinder ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
The South ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Introduced Predator

Abstract ContextFeral cat predation has had a significant impact on native Australian fauna in the past 200 years. In the early 2000s, population monitoring of the western ground parrot showed a dramatic decline from the pre-2000 range, with one of three meta-populations declining to very low levels and a second becoming locally extinct. We review 8 years of integrated introduced predator control, which trialled the incorporation of the feral cat bait Eradicat® into existing fox baiting programs. AimsTo test the efficacy of integrating feral cat control into an existing introduced predator control program in an adaptive management framework conducted in response to the decline of native species. The objective was to protect the remaining western ground parrot populations and other threatened fauna on the south coast of Western Australia. MethodsA landscape-scale feral cat and fox baiting program was delivered across south coast reserves that were occupied by western ground parrots in the early 2000s. Up to 500000ha of national parks and natures reserves were baited per annum. Monitoring was established to evaluate both the efficacy of landscape-scale baiting in management of feral cat populations, and the response of several native fauna species, including the western ground parrot, to an integrated introduced predator control program. Key resultsOn average, 28% of radio-collared feral cats died from Eradicat® baiting each year, over a 5-year period. The results varied from 0% to 62% between years. Changes in site occupancy by feral cats, as measured by detection on camera traps, was also variable, with significant declines detected after baiting in some years and sites. Trends in populations of native fauna, including the western ground parrot and chuditch, showed positive responses to integrated control of foxes and cats. ImplicationsLandscape-scale baiting of feral cats in ecosystems on the south coast of Western Australia had varying success when measured by direct knockdown of cats and site occupancy as determined by camera trapping; however, native species appeared to respond favourably to integrated predator control. For the protection of native species, we recommend ongoing baiting for both foxes and feral cats, complemented by post-bait trapping of feral cats. We advocate monitoring baiting efficacy in a well designed adaptive management framework to deliver long-term recovery of threatened species that have been impacted by cats.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of aqueous leaves extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwige Laure Nguemfo ◽  
Armel Junior Mbock ◽  
Calvin Zangueu Bogning ◽  
Annie Laure Magne Fongang ◽  
Philippe Belle Ebanda Kedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Significant Change

Abstract Objectives Several studies establish the therapeutic properties of various plants which are sometimes a source of minerals, vitamins and phytochemical compounds. However, many studies evoked potential toxic of some. In Cameroon, Crassocephalum crepidioides (C.c) is used in folk medicine to treat several diseases, but there are not much informations about its toxicity. This study evaluate its acute and sub-acute toxicity. Methods Our study was undertaken to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous leaves extract of C.c. The study was conducted using the OECD guidelines about oral toxicity’s study. For acute toxicity, rats were administrated single oral dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (b.w) and monitored for death and weight impairment during seven days. In sub-acute toxicity, experimental rats received daily doses of 250,500 and 1,000 mg/kg b.w during 28 consecutive days. The toxics effects of the extract were assessed using anthropometric, haematological, biochemical parameters as well as histology of vital body’s organs (liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen). Results lethal dose 50 (LD50) was find to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg b.w in rats. In sub-acute toxicity, we observed significant increase of body weight, food and water consumption with the maximums of 15.14, 24.52 and 28.86% respectively at 1,000 mg/kg b.w. There was no significant change in haematological parameters. However, we observed significant change in biochemical parameters. Furthermore, structural disorders were noticed in liver and kidneys of animals treated with C.c. Conclusion Data obtained suggesting that C.c extract could be safe in single administration, but with toxic effects in repeated treatment.

Acute toxicity and comparative thera-peutic efficacy of levofloxacin in experimental colibacillosis of chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
A.D. Mazur ◽  
◽  
D.V. Yurin ◽  
V.N. Skvortsov ◽  
Yu.V. Tarasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Development and improvement of treatment modes for colibacillosis in chickens is very important as this disease is rather prev-alent in bird population. Fluoroquinolones are drugs that are very effective in treating bacterial infections, associated with Gram- negative microorganisms, in animals. The goal of the present research was to evaluate acute toxicity of Levofloxacin in chickens and to study its comparative therapeutic effi-cacy in experimental colibacillosis of chick-ens. For the experiment aimed at evaluating acute toxicity of Levofloxacin all the chick-ens were assigned to a total of 18 groups, 10 chickens were assigned to each group. The drug was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 100 to 950 mg/kg body weight. In our research median lethal dose (LD50) of Levofloxacin, in case of intraperi-toneal introduction to chickens, was as high as 470 mg/kg body weight (276.4–799 mg/kg body weight). For the experiment aimed at studying comparative therapeutic efficacy of Levofloxacin in experimental colibacillosis all the chickens were assigned to a total of 8 groups, 25 chickens were assigned to each group. In the course of the experiment every chicken was challenged with Escherichia coli, by intraperitoneal introduction of 150 million CFUs (E. coli had been cultured in suspension for 24 hours). Antimicrobial drugs (Levofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Colistin, Ditrim, Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol) were first administered 24 hours before the challenge, at a concentration of 200 mg/L, via drinking water. The treatment continued 5 days. The chickens were monitored 3 weeks. The results of the experiments show the high therapeutic effect in cases of Levofloxacin (100%) and Enrofloxacin (92%). Administration of other antimicrobial drugs did not lead to the expected results. The survival rate was in the range 12 to 20%

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute toxicity of the "Orgasept" disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
V.L. Kovalenko ◽  
G.V. Ponomarenko ◽  
M.D. Kukhtyn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Specific Factors

The purpose of the research was to study acute toxicity, irritating and sensitizing effects, biochemical and immunological parameters of animal blood after influence of "Orgasept" disinfectant, consisted from silver nanoparticles, benzalkonium chloride and lactic acid. To determine acute toxicity, 6 months old clinically healthy male rats (5 groups, six rats per each group) and female rats (5 groups, six per each group) with body weight of 180-200 g were used. We determined the average lethal dose (LD50) and the main parameters of acute toxicity after Orgasept rats administration in various dozes. We found that, at intra-gastrointestinal administration of Orgasept, the LD50 for male rats was 5000.0±43.0 mg/kg body weight and 5045.0±56.3 mg/kg for the females. We also registered that Orgasept does not have cumulative and sensitizing properties, does not show irritating effect, suppressive effect on growth and development of animals, and does not affect the hemopoiesis. We revealed that Orgasept demonstrated significant effect on nonspecific and specific factors of the organism's protection compared to the formaldehyde.

scholarly journals Determination of acute toxicity parameters of “Zoodizin” disinfectant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
O. L. Nechyporenko ◽  
A. V. Berezovskyy ◽  
H. A. Fotina ◽  
R. V. Petrov ◽  
T. I. Fotina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration

An important element in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry industry is disinfection. Modern poultry farming requires a large number of effective disinfectants. It is known that the resistance of microorganisms to the effects of disinfectants is based on a genotypic mechanism. The nature of the formation of resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics is different than antibiotics. With regard to disinfectants, resistance is formed more slowly and the proportion of resistant strains in the population of microorganisms may not be high for a long time. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, in the first case – plasmid mechanism, in the second – chromosomal. However, increasing the resistance to the active substance in disinfectants can be widespread, so it is necessary to periodically rotate disinfectants. The goal of the work – to investigate the parameters of acute toxicity of the disinfectant biocide “Zodizin”. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacy and the Vivarium of Sumy National Agrarian University. The drug “Zodizine” contains: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride – 21.0 %, alkylldimethylbenzylammonium chloride – 3.0 %. For toxicological examination of the disinfectant, healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age were used. In the study of acute toxicity of animals observed daily, noted the general condition of the animals, features of their behavior. Studies have found that the toxic effect of the disinfectant “Zodizin” clinically manifested almost equally in both males and females. The average lethal dose for the rat female was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. Therefore, according to the classification of substances by toxicity, the drug by intragastric administration can be attributed to low-toxic substances. Observations on animals revealed that 1–3 hours after oral administration of the drug in a subtoxic dose in laboratory animals, shortness of breath and inhibition of the central nervous system were noted. Most of them died during the first day. Subsequent observations of the surviving animals indicated that their motor response was suppressed over the next 24–72 hours. Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. It was found that the average lethal dose of the drug “Zodizin” with oral administration to rats-females was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males – 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. 2. Experimental studies have proved that the disinfectant “Zodizin” according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to the IV class of danger, that is, to the low-dangerous compounds, and according to GOST 12.1.07 – to the III class of hazard of substances and can be used for disinfection premises where animals and poultry are kept. Further, the sporoсide and corrosion properties of the “Zoodizin” biocide will be studied.

scholarly journals Determination of the parameters of acute toxicity of «Brovermectin-granulate» on earlings carp

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Loboiko ◽  
M. M. Danko ◽  
O. V. Krushelnytska ◽  
S. I. Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Anterior Intestine

The paper presents the results of research to determine the parameters of acute toxicity of «Brovermectin-granulate». The material for the study of acute toxicity were of carp earlings. In experiment used drug «Brovermectin-granulate» (1 g of the drug contains: active actiion substance ivermectin – 3.5 mg, tocopherol acetate – 20 mg). The introduction of the drug  was carried out orally using a probe in anterior intestine of fish. The drug was administered to fish in the form of a homogeneous suspension produced 1 % starch solution individually, in doses of 1000, 4000, 8000, 12000, 16000 and 20000 mg/kg of body weight. For settings acute toxicity determined the general condition and death of fish; for a dose of the drug (DL50) calculated by methods G. Kerber, H. Pershyn, least squares analysis of probit mortality curves for V.B. Prozorovskyj, means three points for B.M. Shtabskyj. At this stage of research it was found lethal (DL100) and maximum tolerated (DL0) dose of «Brovermectin-granulate» for earlings carp. As a result of studies found that 100% death of fish following the dose of 20000 mg/kg (DL100), and for the drug at a dose of 4000 mg/kg (DL0) set to survival of 100% fish. Established that the value of average lethal dose of «Brovermectin-granulate» for fish regardless of the method of calculation mainly coincided and were 10932,8–11200 mg/kg for earlings carp. Thus, the drug «Brovermectin-granulate» for oral administration to fish belongs to grade 4 toxicity – low toxic substances.

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