Ground Surface Features Attributable to Feral Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis II. Their Relationship to the Abundance of Small Animal Species

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Friend ◽  
r Taylo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Orthopteran Species

Relationships between ground surface features attributable to feral buffalo (wallows, trails, pug marks and dung pats) and the abundance of 116 small animal species (birds, reptiles, amphibians and orthopterans) were explored by pattern analysis for both dry and wet seasons in a tropical monsoonal area of northern Australia. The abundance of 33% of the bird, 39% of the reptile, 58% of the amphibian and 63% ofthe orthopteran species recorded was related positively or negatively to the effects ofbuffalo. Overall, 14 species displayed statistically significant relationships with the effects of buffalo. These relationships constitute hypotheses for some of the consequences to fauna of the removal of buffalo. Grasshoppers, and to a lesser extent birds, provided the greatest number of strong relationships, and these two groups are recommended for inclusion in any future experiments or monitoring programs. Results suggest that elimination of buffalo may benefit some animal species, but be to the detriment of others.

Ground Surface Features Attributable to Feral Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis I. Their Distribution relative to Vegetation Structure and Plant Lifeform

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Taylor ◽  
GR Friend
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
Lower Elevation

Relationships among ground surface features attributable to feral buffalo (viz. wallows, trails, pug marks and dung pats), vegetation structure, and lifeform spectrum were examined in both dry and wet seasons in a tropical monsoonal area of northern Australia. In the dry season, the frequency of pug marks was negatively correlated with the number of trails and dung pats, and positively correlated with the number of wallows. In the wet season only dung pats and wallows were significantly correlated. In the dry season, wallows were not associated with any vegetation structure or lifeform attribute, but in the wet season they were associated with dense foliage <1 m high. Trails occurred in areas of low dense vegetation (<0.5 m) in the dry season, but in the wet were uncommon and positively associated with lianas. Pug marks occurred mainly in the lower-elevation, treeless areas dominated by forbs. Whereas the nature and strength of the relationships of pug marks to plant lifeform or vegetation structure remained constant from season to season, those involving dung pats changed seasonally. In the dry season, dung pats were associated with the higher-elevation areas where trees, lianas, dense mid-level foliage (1.5-2.5 m) and leaf-litter were common. In the wet, they were associated with low vegetation (<1 m) dominated by forbs, and were negatively correlated with the factors important in the dry.

Does Dingo Predation or Buffalo Competition Regulate Feral Pig Populations in the Australian Wet-Dry Tropics? An Experimental Study.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Dingo (Canis farniliaris dingo) predation on feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in response to experimental changes in prey populations was measured over seven years in the seasonally wet-dry tropics of northern Australia. Following the removal of feral swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from half of the 614-km*2 study area, the number of pigs doubled and there was a 3-fold increase of pig in dingo diet. The relationship between the functional response of the dingo and pig abundance was negative and significant for both the treatment and control areas. This indicated that dingoes were not regulating the pig population. Instead, dingo predation probably acted in concert with interference competition by buffalo which decreased access to critical subterranean food for pigs during the dry season and thus limited population growth in pigs.

Myocardial depression produced by sustained tachycardia in rabbits

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. H63-H67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Freeman ◽  
J. T. Colston
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Myocardial Depression ◽  
Active Length ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Heart Failure Model ◽  
Recent Attention

Much recent attention has been focused on the tachycardia-induced heart failure model. We hypothesized that sustained tachycardia would lead to myocardial depression in rabbits, as it does in dogs and swine. We evaluated the passive and active length-tension relations and postrest contraction behavior in right ventricular papillary muscles from 22 New Zealand White rabbits, 11 controls, and 11 subjected to ventricular pacing at a rate of 400 beats/min for 29.4 +/- 10.6 days. Studies were performed in oxygenated buffer at 22 degrees C. Active tension was significantly reduced at muscle lengths of 0.95.Lmax and above; at Lmax it was 4.7 +/- 0.2 g/mm2 for the control group and 3.3 +/- 0.2 g/mm2 for the paced group (P less than 0.005). Both groups showed increased force development when the concentration of calcium in the buffer was increased. There were no differences between the groups in the passive length-tension relations. Of note, postrest contraction data showed that the second postrest beat was smaller for the paced animals for rest intervals up to 2 min, suggesting that beat-to-beat trans-sarcolemmal calcium handling may differ from normal in this model. We conclude that sustained tachycardia will lead to myocardial depression in rabbits; the extension of this model to a small animal species may offer new ways to explore its causative mechanisms.

Ingestion Rates and Aspects of Water, Sodium and Energy Metabolism in Caged Swamp Buffalo, Bubalus Bubalis, From Isotope Dilution and Materials Balances.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Williams ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

Exchanges of DM, sodium, water and energy were estimated on caged swamp buffalo of body mass (W) 297 plus or minus 13 kg. Estimates of feed ingestion estimated from rates of 22Na and 3H turnover were in close agreement with estimates from weighing. Tritium equilibrated in 6 h and 22Na in 12 h. Tritium space was 78.9 plus or minus 1.6% of body mass at 6 h and 83.9 plus or minus 1.1% at 24 h. The body pool of exchangable Na was 40.56 plus or minus 1.79 mmol/kg W at 12 h, and 44.62 plus or minus 2.12 mmol/kg W at 24 h. The daily rate of water turnover was 34.72 plus or minus 2.33 litres or 326.1 plus or minus 17.2 ml/kg W0.82, about three times that expected on the basis of body size, reflecting adaptation to a tropical swamp habitat. It was due mainly to the high rate of imbibition, 30.78 plus or minus 2.15 litres daily or 289.1 plus or minus 16.3 ml/kg W0.82 daily. Daily rates of water loss were partitioned as: faecal, 9.99 plus or minus 0.761 (94.1 plus or minus 7.0 ml/kg W0.82); urinary, 10.39 plus or minus 0.76 litres (98.2 plus or minus 7.6 ml/kg W0.82); pulmocutaneous, 14.34 plus or minus 1.37 litres (133.8 plus or minus 8.9 ml/kg W0.82). Swamp buffalo are unlikely to be able to satisfy their water requirements from food alone during the dry season in northern Australia. The daily rate of Na turnover was 6.29 plus or minus 0.41 mmol/kg W0.75. Na in the faeces was low, 8.3 plus or minus 0.9 mmol/kg dry faeces, indicating very effective alimentary absorption of Na. Apparent digestible energy intake (DE) per day for maintenance was about 651 plus or minus 41 kJ/kg W0.75. Daily rates of evaporative heat loss were high, 481 plus or minus 33 kJ/kg W0.75, exceeding the non-evaporative component of the DE, 321 plus or minus 35 kJ/kg W0.75; evaporative processes may have contributed to the high maintenance DE.

Small animal species in the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in tropical Bolivia

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
R.T. Paterson ◽  
F. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The City

In the Bolivian Department of Santa Cruz, the Provinces of Sara and Ichilo lie some 100 km North-West of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, where they occupy an area of about 21,000 km2. Most of the region is a flat, alluvial plain, 350-450 m above sea level, with young soils prone to localized, seasonal waterlogging, although the land becomes undulating and rises to 800 m as it approaches the foothills of the Andes to the west. The soils are moderately fertile with pH values often in the range of 4.5 to 5.5.

Practolol metabolism in various small animal species

Xenobiotica ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Reeves ◽  
D. J. Mccormick ◽  
H. T. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal

scholarly journals Iris surface features and anterior chamber depth in Chinese adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Wei Pan ◽  
Yu-Xi Qian ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hua Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background We aim to determine the association of iris surface features including crypts, color and contraction furrows with anterior chamber depth (ACD) in a school-based sample of Chinese teenagers. Methods Totally, 2346 students aged 13 to 14 years in Mojiang located in the Southwestern part of China contributed to this analysis. Iris surface features were graded based on standardized slit-lamp photographs. Ocular biometric parameters including ACD were measured using an IOL Master. Generalized estimating equation was incorporated in the linear regression models to assess the relationship between iris surface features and ACD. Results A significant trend of increasing ACDs with more contraction furrows were observed. On average, the mean ACD was 3.03 mm in participants with contraction furrows of grade 1 while it was 3.10 mm in those with grade 3 (mean difference, 0.07 mm, P = 0.01). Adjusting for other potential confounders such as gender, height and weight did not significantly changed the associations. Compared with individuals with contraction furrows of grade 1, those with grade 3 had a greater ACD of 0.06 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.01, 0.11) in multivariate-adjusted model. There were no significant relationships between ACD and iris crypts or color. (P > 0.10). Conclusions More iris contraction furrows are associated with greater ACDs while the association with iris color and crypts were not significant.

scholarly journals The antiretroviral potency of APOBEC1 deaminase from small animal species

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (21) ◽  
pp. 6859-6871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terumasa Ikeda ◽  
Takeo Ohsugi ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Shuzo Matsushita ◽  
Yosuke Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal

Current and future threats from non-indigenous animal species in northern Australia: a spotlight on World Heritage Area Kakadu National Park

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey J. A. Bradshaw ◽  
Iain C. Field ◽  
David M. J. S. Bowman ◽  
Chris Haynes ◽  
Barry W. Brook
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
World Heritage Area ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heritage Area

Non-indigenous animal species threaten biodiversity and ecosystem stability by damaging or transforming habitats, killing or out-competing native species and spreading disease. We use World Heritage Area Kakadu National Park, northern Australia, as a focal region to illustrate the current and potential threats posed by non-indigenous animal species to internationally and nationally recognised natural and cultural values. Available evidence suggests that large feral herbivores such as Asian swamp buffalo, pigs and horses are the most ecologically threatening species in this region. This may reflect the inherent research bias, because these species are highly visible and impact primary production; consequently, their control has attracted the strongest research and management efforts. Burgeoning threats, such as the already established cane toad and crazy ant, and potentially non-indigenous freshwater fish, marine invertebrates and pathogens, may cause severe problems for native biodiversity. To counter these threats, management agencies must apply an ongoing, planned and practical approach using scientifically based and well funded control measures; however, many stakeholders require direct evidence of the damage caused by non-indigenous species before agreeing to implement control. To demonstrate the increasing priority of non-indigenous species research in Australia and to quantify taxonomic and habitat biases in research focus, we compiled an extensive biography of peer-reviewed articles published between 1950 and 2005. Approximately 1000 scientific papers have been published on the impact and control of exotic animals in Australia, with a strong bias towards terrestrial systems and mammals. Despite the sheer quantity of research on non-indigenous species and their effects, management responses remain largely ad hoc and poorly evaluated, especially in northern Australia and in high-value areas such as Kakadu National Park. We argue that improved management in relatively isolated and susceptible tropical regions requires (1) robust quantification of density–damage relationships, and (2) the delivery of research findings that stimulate land managers to develop cost-effective control and monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Anxiety Levels on the Behavioral Patternings Investigated through T-pattern Analysis in Wistar Rats Tested in the Hole-Board Apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Maurizio Casarrubea ◽  
Giuseppe Di Giovanni ◽  
Giuseppe Crescimanno
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Multivariate T

The Hole-Board is an ethologically based tool for investigating the anxiety-related behavior of rats following manipulation of the central anxiety level. The present paper aims to assess behavioral patterning following pharmacological manipulation of emotional assets in Wistar rats tested in this experimental apparatus. For this purpose, the behavior of three groups of rats injected with saline, diazepam or FG7142 was evaluated using conventional quantitative and multivariate T-pattern analyses. The results demonstrate that quantitative analyses of individual components of the behavior, disjointed from the comprehensive behavioral structure, are of narrow utility in the understanding of the subject’s emotional condition. Among the components of the behavioral repertoire in rodents tested in the Hole-Board, Edge-Sniff and Head-Dip represent the most significant ones to rate anxiety level. They are characterized by a strong bivariate relationship and are also firmly part of the behavioral architecture, as revealed by the T-pattern analysis (TPA), a multivariate technique able to detect significant relationships among behavioral events over time. Edge-Sniff → Head-Dip sequences, in particular, are greatly influenced by the level of anxiety: barely detectable in control animals, they completely disappear in subjects with a reduced level of anxiety and are present in almost 25% of the total of T-patterns detected in subjects whose anxiety level increased.

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