Variation in Waterbird Numbers at Four Swamps on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Briggs
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Major Factors

Waterbirds at four northern tableland swamps were counted at monthly intervals. Populations were shown to vary. Rainfall patterns and habits of individual species were postulated as the major factors causing this variation.

Australian rainfall patterns and the southern oscillation. 2. A regional perspective in relation to Luni-solar (Mn) and Solar-cycle (Sc) signals

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Vines
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

This investigation is an extension of earlier work on rainfall patterns in eastern Australia. Using district averages rather than rainfall data for individual cities or towns, further evidence is provided for cyclic variations in precipitation with periods of 18–19, 10–11 and 6–7 years. Results from various regional areas in western Queensland and western New South Wales differ from those found further south in Victoria, and connections are suggested between El Niño/southern oscillation events and the incidence of drought in these two separate areas. Such findings are consistent with ecological aspects of the quasi-periodic occurrence of bushfire seasons as observed in both Victorian eucalypt forests after prolonged drought, or after intermittent widespread rains in the semi-arid Mallee rangelands of western New South Wales. The ~19-year cycles may be at least partly a reflection of solar and lunar tidal components and the ~11-year cycles (connected with the Sunspot cycle) could be the result of absorption of short wavelength solar emissions in the stratosphere and resultant photochemical events magnified to produce sea surface temperature changes. The ~19-year cycles are apparently associated with either increased or decreased rainfall, and such connections appear to reverse in parts of Australia about every 100 years. These reversals have been associated with major droughts at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Effect of shearing time and location on vegetable matter components in the New South Wales woolclip

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Warr ◽  
AR Gilmour ◽  
NK Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Division ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Four shearing times, summer, autumn, winter and spring, were examined in relation to the quantity and type of vegetable fault in Merino wool in seven districts of New South Wales in 1974 and 1975. Shearing time did not affect total vegetable matter (VM) content in six of the seven districts surveyed. Shearing in summer in the Central-West Slopes and Plains lowered (P < 0.05) VM compared with autumn and winter shearing; levels of burr and seed were also lower (P < 0.05). In other districts, burr or seed components were decreased at particular times of shearing, but there was no effect on total VM content. Seed contamination was lowest with spring and summer shearing in all districts in survey 1. Thus, in most districts, shearing time did not reduce VM, but in particular areas such changes may be of considerable value in reducing contamination from individual species. Wools from the North-West Slopes and Plains, Central-West Slopes and Plains and Western Division were heavily contaminated with burr and seed, whereas in wools from the Tablelands and Southern Slopes, seed was the major contaminant.

Farmer experience with perennial pastures in the mixed farming areas of southern New South Wales: on-farm participatory research investigating pasture establishment with cover-cropping

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Swan ◽  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
R. C. Hayes ◽  
G. D. Li ◽  
G. R. Casburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
On Farm

In 2009, 95 farmers in the mixed farming zone of southern New South Wales (NSW), average annual rainfall 450–700 mm, were surveyed about their use of perennial pasture species. Survey responses indicated that, on average, 52% of land was under crop, 29% contained perennial pasture and 19% annual pastures. The proportion of land sown to perennial pastures and the species used differed with rainfall. Farmers identified concerns about the cost of establishment and poor survival of perennial pasture species as constraints to wider adoption. The survey also revealed that cover-cropping (sowing pasture species under the final grain crop in a cropping phase) was the dominant method of pasture establishment. Large-scale, on-farm participatory experiments were sown with the farm machinery, three at Ariah Park and one at Brocklesby in southern NSW in 2009 (annual rainfall 100 mm less than long-term average), and a further two experiments (one at each location) commenced in 2010 (annual rainfall >200 mm above average). These experiments compared the effect of cereal cover-crop sowing rate (standard rates used by the collaborating farmer and half of the standard rate) on the establishment of the perennials lucerne (Medicago sativa), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), and chicory (Cichorium intybus) sown in different mixes and rates with various annual legume species. The persistence and productivity of individual species were monitored for 2 years after sowing. Results indicated little or no effect of the presence of a cover-crop on the initial establishment of any of the perennials, but pasture species survival were severely affected by cover-crop sowing rates as low as half of the farmer practice (10 kg barley or 12 kg wheat ha–1) in 2009. Despite higher than average annual rainfall in 2010 and 2011, the residual effect of establishing pastures under a cover-crop in 2009 was poorer persistence and lower productivity by lucerne at the standard cover-cropping rate, and by phalaris, cocksfoot and chicory at all cover-crop rates, and an increased incidence of weeds. Similar responses to cover-cropping occurred between 2010 and 2012, even with the wetter establishment conditions in 2010, for phalaris, chicory and weeds, despite demonstration at Ariah Park that higher populations of individual perennial species could be achieved by doubling the sowing rate of pasture seed in 2010. Lucerne compensated for lower plant numbers by increasing herbage growth in response to rainfall, but phalaris could not and total pasture productivity over the first 2 years after establishment was greatly reduced by the use of cover-crops in both 2009 and 2010. Cover-cropping also reduced annual legume seedset, which could have implications for future pasture performance. Lucerne was the most consistently productive perennial pasture species evaluated regardless of establishment technique or climatic conditions.

Additional tests on the effects of pesticides on cryptic species of blue oat mite (Penthaleus spp.) and the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor)

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Robinson ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Earth mites (Halotydeus destructor, Penthaleus spp.) are important pests of crops and pastures in southern Australia during the winter and spring. A recent study showed that control of these mites is complicated by different responses of species to several pesticides, with one cryptic species (Penthaleus falcatus) being particularly tolerant. In this study, earth mites were tested against 4 other chemicals registered for mite control (alpha-cypermethrin, phosmet, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin) in an attempt to identify useful pesticides to counter control failures. Furthermore, an isolated population of an undescribed cryptic Penthaleus species (P. sp. x) from northern New South Wales was tested for its response to 8 pesticides. Species responded differently to all pesticides. Halotydeus destructor was usually the least tolerant species except in the case of phosmet where P. major was the least tolerant species. For alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, tolerance of all Penthaleusspecies was similar or higher than that of H. destructor. Penthaleus falcatus had a relatively higher tolerance to phosmet than all other species. The response of P. sp. x (New South Wales) to chlorpyrifos was inconsistent between trials and the response of this species to lambda-cyhalothrin was complex. Penthaleus sp. x (New South Wales) was generally more tolerant than H. destructor but not as tolerant as P. falcatus. The results highlight the fact that mite species need to be identified when considering control options and suggest that effective control recommendations need to be developed for each individual species.

Relationship Between Diaspore Characteristics and Distribution of Grasses Around Sheep Camps on the Northern Tablelands of New-South-Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Dispersal Unit ◽  
The Individual

Twenty-seven common grasses on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were classified according to their occurrence on or off sheep camps in unfertilised natural pastures. A number of seed and seed germination attributes were examined in relation to the distribution of the individual species. Camps had a greater proportion of introduced grasses, and of annual or short-lived perennials, than off-camp zones. The sheep camp grasses in general had heavier seeds, more rapid germination, and their seeds in general did not have a sharp callus, antrorse hairs on the callus, or awns. If awns were present on sheep camp species a lower proportion were hygroscopically active than for off-camp species. There were no differences in the presence or absence of accessory floral structures in the dispersal unit, hairs on the coleorrhiza or in the shapes of seeds between sheep camp and off-camp grasses. The differences in seed and seed germination characteristics found between sheep camp and off-camp species are explained in terms of the differences in environment (water stress and damage by sheep) encountered by grasses germinating and establishing on and off the sheep camps.

scholarly journals Application Abstracts

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 255
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales

The effect of feral goats and sheep on the shrub populations in a semi arid woodland G. Harrington Feral goats have been suggested as a means of counteracting the increase in shrubs in some grazed woodlands in western New South Wales and Queensland. Hopbush and mulga can be destroyed and punty reduced by very heavy goat pressures but the difficulties and expense of such a treatment are prohibitive for extensive areas. Neither mature or seedling budda and turpentine are susceptible to goats although root sprouts after bulldozing budda and wilga can be controlled by heavy goat pressure. Moderate grazing by goats has very little effect on any shrub except young mulga. Goast are not recommended for shrub control in these areas. Effect of fertility level on the yield of some native perennial grasses on the North-West Slopes, New South Wales G.M. Lodge Native grasses have traditionally been regarded as unresponsive to applied fertilizer, and any fertilizer application to the rangelands of northern New South Wales has largely resulted in increased legume yield. In this study some native grass species such as Bothriochloa macra (redgrass), Chbris truncata (windmill grass) and Dichanthium sericeum (bluegrass) were found to be responsive to applications of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. Information on the response of individual species to varying fertility conditions will allow a greater under. standing of the ecology of rangelands and enable more informed management practices to be used. A survey of the regeneration of some problem shrubs and trees after wildfire in western New South Wales A.D. Wilson and W.E. ~Wulhanz Following extensive wildfires in 1974175 the recovery of several different species of sh~ubs and trees was recorded at a number of sites across western New South Wales. Fire had a considerable effect on the survival of some plant species, but only a minor effect on others. Young trees of white cypress pine (Callitris columellaris) and mulga (Acacia aneura) had a poor recovery rate and hence could be thinned by the use of fire. Narrow-leaved hopbush (Dodonaea attenuata) and punty (Cassia eremophila var. platypoda) suffered severe losses at some sites, but not at others. Large numbers of seedlings emerged after the fires, so it is unlikely that a single fire would have a lasting effect on the density of these shrubs. Other woody plants - yarran (Acacia homalophylla) budda or sandalwood (Eremophila mitchellii) and turpentine or budda bush (E. sturfii) - had only low death rates and would be difficult to control by burning. However, seedlings which had emerged prior to the fires were considerably reduced in number so that burning may have a greater role in keeping country clear of these shrubs than in the eradication of mature stands. These results may not apply under all conditions, but they do provide a guide for further research on burning under controlled conditions as a means of scrub control. SYMPOSIUM ON POPLAR BOX (EUCAL YPTUS POPULNEA) LANDS

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