Additional tests on the effects of pesticides on cryptic species of blue oat mite (Penthaleus spp.) and the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor)

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Robinson ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Earth mites (Halotydeus destructor, Penthaleus spp.) are important pests of crops and pastures in southern Australia during the winter and spring. A recent study showed that control of these mites is complicated by different responses of species to several pesticides, with one cryptic species (Penthaleus falcatus) being particularly tolerant. In this study, earth mites were tested against 4 other chemicals registered for mite control (alpha-cypermethrin, phosmet, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin) in an attempt to identify useful pesticides to counter control failures. Furthermore, an isolated population of an undescribed cryptic Penthaleus species (P. sp. x) from northern New South Wales was tested for its response to 8 pesticides. Species responded differently to all pesticides. Halotydeus destructor was usually the least tolerant species except in the case of phosmet where P. major was the least tolerant species. For alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, tolerance of all Penthaleusspecies was similar or higher than that of H. destructor. Penthaleus falcatus had a relatively higher tolerance to phosmet than all other species. The response of P. sp. x (New South Wales) to chlorpyrifos was inconsistent between trials and the response of this species to lambda-cyhalothrin was complex. Penthaleus sp. x (New South Wales) was generally more tolerant than H. destructor but not as tolerant as P. falcatus. The results highlight the fact that mite species need to be identified when considering control options and suggest that effective control recommendations need to be developed for each individual species.

scholarly journals Limited Sustained Local Transmission of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in New South Wales, Australia

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Di Giallonardo ◽  
Angie N. Pinto ◽  
Phillip Keen ◽  
Ansari Shaik ◽  
Alex Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Local Transmission

Australia’s response to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic led to effective control of HIV transmission and one of the world’s lowest HIV incidence rates—0.14%. Although there has been a recent decline in new HIV diagnoses in New South Wales (NSW), the most populous state in Australia, there has been a concomitant increase with non-B subtype infections, particularly for the HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE. This aforementioned CRF01_AE sampled in NSW, were combined with those sampled globally to identify NSW-specific viral clades. The population growth of these clades was assessed in two-year period intervals from 2009 to 2017. Overall, 109 NSW-specific clades were identified, most comprising pairs of sequences; however, five large clades comprising ≥10 sequences were also found. Forty-four clades grew over time with one or two sequences added to each in different two-year periods. Importantly, while 10 of these clades have seemingly discontinued, the remaining 34 were still active in 2016/2017. Seven such clades each comprised ≥10 sequences, and are representative of individual sub-epidemics in NSW. Thus, although the majority of new CRF01_AE infections were associated with small clades that rarely establish ongoing chains of local transmission, individual sub-epidemics are present and should be closely monitored.

Variation in Waterbird Numbers at Four Swamps on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Briggs
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Major Factors

Waterbirds at four northern tableland swamps were counted at monthly intervals. Populations were shown to vary. Rainfall patterns and habits of individual species were postulated as the major factors causing this variation.

Insecticides for the control of dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Wright
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Field trials were carried out in the Brunswick River district of New South Wales from 1971 to 1975 to evaluate insecticides against dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Effective control was obtained by spraying the bases of plants and surrounding soil to a radius of 30 cm in spring and autumn with pirimiphos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos emulsions at 2.24 kg active ingredient ha-1 (1.12g per plant) per application. Chlordecone dust, pirimiphos-ethyl granules and chlorpyrifos powder sprinkled by hand at 2.8 kg ha-1 a.i. (1.42 g per plant) per application also gave effective control and could be used where water is unavailable.

Evaluation of chlorpyrifos and fenchlorphos for control of major insect pests of pastures in Australia

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
MJ MacQuillan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
South Wales

In field experiments sprays of chlorpyrifos and fenchlorphos were compared with standard recommendations for control of five pasture pests. Field experiments were done on Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) in New South Wales and Victoria in 1970, Sminthurus viridis (L.) in South Australia in 1970, Aphodius tasmaniae Hope in South Australia in 1970 and 1971 and Oncopera rufobrunnea Tindale and O. alboguttata Tindale in New South Wales in 1970. Against H. destructor, chlorphyrifos at 35 g ha-1 in one experiment, and at 70 g ha-1 in another, was as effective as the standard phosmet treatment. Fenchlorphos at 210 g ha-1 reduced H. destructor in both experiments less effectively than phosmet. Chlorpyrifos at 17.5 g ha-1 controlled S. viridis as effectively as phosmet. A. tasmaniae larvae were controlled by chlorpyrifos at 420 g ha-1 as effectively as the standard lindane treatment. Fenchlorphos at 630 g ha-1 did not reduce A. tasmaniae larvae numbers below that of the control. Chlorpyrifos at 21 0 g ha-1 and fenchlorphos at 140 g ha-1 controlled O. rufobrunnea and O. alboguttata larvae as effectively as the standard chlorfenvinphos treatment.

Effect of shearing time and location on vegetable matter components in the New South Wales woolclip

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Warr ◽  
AR Gilmour ◽  
NK Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Division ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Four shearing times, summer, autumn, winter and spring, were examined in relation to the quantity and type of vegetable fault in Merino wool in seven districts of New South Wales in 1974 and 1975. Shearing time did not affect total vegetable matter (VM) content in six of the seven districts surveyed. Shearing in summer in the Central-West Slopes and Plains lowered (P < 0.05) VM compared with autumn and winter shearing; levels of burr and seed were also lower (P < 0.05). In other districts, burr or seed components were decreased at particular times of shearing, but there was no effect on total VM content. Seed contamination was lowest with spring and summer shearing in all districts in survey 1. Thus, in most districts, shearing time did not reduce VM, but in particular areas such changes may be of considerable value in reducing contamination from individual species. Wools from the North-West Slopes and Plains, Central-West Slopes and Plains and Western Division were heavily contaminated with burr and seed, whereas in wools from the Tablelands and Southern Slopes, seed was the major contaminant.

Use of infrared digital cameras to investigate aspects of the social behaviour of cryptic species

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Claridge ◽  
Greg Mifsud ◽  
James Dawson ◽  
Michael J. Saxon
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
National Park ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Target Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Details

In this paper we report on the application of infrared digital cameras to investigate aspects of the breeding biology of the spotted-tailed quoll, an endangered marsupial carnivore. Technical details are provided about the cameras, which were deployed remotely at two ‘latrine’ sites used by the target species within Kosciuszko National Park in southern New South Wales, Australia. Examples of images captured by the cameras are presented, with notes on possible application of the same technology to better understand the social behaviour of rare and cryptic species.

Molecular data on the genus Okenia (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) reveal a new cryptic species from New South Wales (Australia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pola ◽  
Pablo Roldán ◽  
Sandra Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
South Wales ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Brown Body

Preliminary molecular data obtained from one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear marker (H3) from the available species of the genus Okenia have revealed a new cryptic species of this genus. The new species (Okenia harastii sp. nov.), from New South Wales (NSW) eastern Australia, has a light brown body with scattered dark brown and white spots of different sizes, and six pairs of translucent mantle processes. Okenia harastii sp. nov. is compared with other Okenia species from NSW and with other morphologically similar species.

Farmer experience with perennial pastures in the mixed farming areas of southern New South Wales: on-farm participatory research investigating pasture establishment with cover-cropping

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Swan ◽  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
R. C. Hayes ◽  
G. D. Li ◽  
G. R. Casburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
On Farm

In 2009, 95 farmers in the mixed farming zone of southern New South Wales (NSW), average annual rainfall 450–700 mm, were surveyed about their use of perennial pasture species. Survey responses indicated that, on average, 52% of land was under crop, 29% contained perennial pasture and 19% annual pastures. The proportion of land sown to perennial pastures and the species used differed with rainfall. Farmers identified concerns about the cost of establishment and poor survival of perennial pasture species as constraints to wider adoption. The survey also revealed that cover-cropping (sowing pasture species under the final grain crop in a cropping phase) was the dominant method of pasture establishment. Large-scale, on-farm participatory experiments were sown with the farm machinery, three at Ariah Park and one at Brocklesby in southern NSW in 2009 (annual rainfall 100 mm less than long-term average), and a further two experiments (one at each location) commenced in 2010 (annual rainfall >200 mm above average). These experiments compared the effect of cereal cover-crop sowing rate (standard rates used by the collaborating farmer and half of the standard rate) on the establishment of the perennials lucerne (Medicago sativa), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), and chicory (Cichorium intybus) sown in different mixes and rates with various annual legume species. The persistence and productivity of individual species were monitored for 2 years after sowing. Results indicated little or no effect of the presence of a cover-crop on the initial establishment of any of the perennials, but pasture species survival were severely affected by cover-crop sowing rates as low as half of the farmer practice (10 kg barley or 12 kg wheat ha–1) in 2009. Despite higher than average annual rainfall in 2010 and 2011, the residual effect of establishing pastures under a cover-crop in 2009 was poorer persistence and lower productivity by lucerne at the standard cover-cropping rate, and by phalaris, cocksfoot and chicory at all cover-crop rates, and an increased incidence of weeds. Similar responses to cover-cropping occurred between 2010 and 2012, even with the wetter establishment conditions in 2010, for phalaris, chicory and weeds, despite demonstration at Ariah Park that higher populations of individual perennial species could be achieved by doubling the sowing rate of pasture seed in 2010. Lucerne compensated for lower plant numbers by increasing herbage growth in response to rainfall, but phalaris could not and total pasture productivity over the first 2 years after establishment was greatly reduced by the use of cover-crops in both 2009 and 2010. Cover-cropping also reduced annual legume seedset, which could have implications for future pasture performance. Lucerne was the most consistently productive perennial pasture species evaluated regardless of establishment technique or climatic conditions.

Socio-economic and biological impact of the feral pig in New South Wales: An overview and alternative management plan.

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feral Pig

Feral pigs are widely distributed in Australia and have increased their range despite extensive control efforts. They pose a management dilemma because they are simultaneously an agricultural pest, endemic and exotic disease hazard, environmental liability, export commodity and recreational resource. These attributes and values vary with place, time and observer perceptions. In this paper, I briefly review the socio- economic and biological impact of the feral pig in New South Wales. An alternative multiple use management plan is presented, which minimizes costs and conflict by integrating the requirements for cost-effective control of agricultural damage and exotic disease with the commercial and recreational values of the feral pig. The proposal is based on: local ('buffer zone') control near susceptible enterprises; sustainable yield harvesting; regulated recreational hunting; and appropriate exotic disease contingency plans.

Relationship Between Diaspore Characteristics and Distribution of Grasses Around Sheep Camps on the Northern Tablelands of New-South-Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Dispersal Unit ◽  
The Individual

Twenty-seven common grasses on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were classified according to their occurrence on or off sheep camps in unfertilised natural pastures. A number of seed and seed germination attributes were examined in relation to the distribution of the individual species. Camps had a greater proportion of introduced grasses, and of annual or short-lived perennials, than off-camp zones. The sheep camp grasses in general had heavier seeds, more rapid germination, and their seeds in general did not have a sharp callus, antrorse hairs on the callus, or awns. If awns were present on sheep camp species a lower proportion were hygroscopically active than for off-camp species. There were no differences in the presence or absence of accessory floral structures in the dispersal unit, hairs on the coleorrhiza or in the shapes of seeds between sheep camp and off-camp grasses. The differences in seed and seed germination characteristics found between sheep camp and off-camp species are explained in terms of the differences in environment (water stress and damage by sheep) encountered by grasses germinating and establishing on and off the sheep camps.

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