Relationship Between Diaspore Characteristics and Distribution of Grasses Around Sheep Camps on the Northern Tablelands of New-South-Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Dispersal Unit ◽  
The Individual

Twenty-seven common grasses on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were classified according to their occurrence on or off sheep camps in unfertilised natural pastures. A number of seed and seed germination attributes were examined in relation to the distribution of the individual species. Camps had a greater proportion of introduced grasses, and of annual or short-lived perennials, than off-camp zones. The sheep camp grasses in general had heavier seeds, more rapid germination, and their seeds in general did not have a sharp callus, antrorse hairs on the callus, or awns. If awns were present on sheep camp species a lower proportion were hygroscopically active than for off-camp species. There were no differences in the presence or absence of accessory floral structures in the dispersal unit, hairs on the coleorrhiza or in the shapes of seeds between sheep camp and off-camp grasses. The differences in seed and seed germination characteristics found between sheep camp and off-camp species are explained in terms of the differences in environment (water stress and damage by sheep) encountered by grasses germinating and establishing on and off the sheep camps.

The individual and health sector costs of asthma: the first year of a longitudinal study in New South Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kenny ◽  
Emily Lancsar ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Madeleine King ◽  
Meredyth Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
First Year ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

Variation in Waterbird Numbers at Four Swamps on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Briggs
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Major Factors

Waterbirds at four northern tableland swamps were counted at monthly intervals. Populations were shown to vary. Rainfall patterns and habits of individual species were postulated as the major factors causing this variation.

Evaluation of tree establishment treatments on saline seeps near Wellington and Young in New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Marcar ◽  
A. K. M. A. Hossain ◽  
D. F. Crawford ◽  
A. T. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Establishment ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Casuarina Cunninghamiana ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
The Individual

The success of tree establishment on both saline and non-saline sites is dependent on the use of appropriate pre- and post-planting procedures. The 4 trials reported here on 2 dryland saline sites, near Wellington and Young in New South Wales, deal with the individual and combined effects of mulch, fertiliser, tree guards and pre-conditioning with salt and waterlogging, alone and in combination, on survival and growth of Acacia stenophylla, Atriplex nummularia, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melaleuca halmaturorum. Each trial included 1 or more of these species. Soil salinity was assessed at the plot level using a hand-held electromagnetic induction device (EM38). Treatments had variable effects, depending on species, site, experiment and treatment combinations. Mulch application significantly improved height in 2 trials and, in combination with plastic guard and fertiliser, produced the best results. Treatments generally increased basal stem diameter or stem diameter at breast height, and crown volume, but the differences were usually not statistically significant. The combined effect of mulch, fertiliser and plastic guard on growth was usually greater than any single treatment.

The economics of temperate pasture systems on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Vere ◽  
R. E. Jones ◽  
M. H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
High Quality ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

Pastures are the basis of most forms of agricultural production on the New South Wales central and southern tablelands. Pastures occupy the bulk of the region's landmass and pasture-based livestock production annually contributes more than three-quarters of the regional gross value of rural production. Throughout the region, there is substantial variation in pasture composition, ranging from high quality introduced perennial grasses and legumes to pastures comprising mainly low quality native species. This paper examines the economics of the main categories of temperate pastures over a range of soil fertility-rainfall environments on the south-eastern tablelands areas of New South Wales. Using a linear programming model and discounted development budgets, the results demonstrate the strong influence of the environment on the economics of the individual pasture systems. The highest economic returns in both the short and longer-terms were to the introduced perennial grass pastures in most of the environments. Pastures based on introduced legumes and the high quality native species also generated sound economic returns, although there are recognised problems with the persistence of the legume pastures. Over time, the returns to the better quality native pastures compare favourably with the introduced legumes and are better suited to acidic soils than the perennial grasses. Low quality native species produced relatively poor economic returns in all environments and unfortunately, are the main pasture type in the region's less favourable environments.

Development of heartwood in response to water stress for radiata pine in Southern New South Wales, Australia

Trees ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Moreno Chan ◽  
C. A. Raymond ◽  
J. C. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Response To Water

The Olivines of a Differentiated Teschenite Sill Near Gunnedah, New South Wales

1956 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Olivine Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

AbstractData is presented on textural variation, optical properties, and resultant compositions of the olivines from a differentiated teschenite sill. The range in olivine composition is from Fa21 to Fa,60. Both the individual crystals and successive crops of crystals become more fayalitic with progressive differentiation.

Effect of shearing time and location on vegetable matter components in the New South Wales woolclip

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Warr ◽  
AR Gilmour ◽  
NK Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Division ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Four shearing times, summer, autumn, winter and spring, were examined in relation to the quantity and type of vegetable fault in Merino wool in seven districts of New South Wales in 1974 and 1975. Shearing time did not affect total vegetable matter (VM) content in six of the seven districts surveyed. Shearing in summer in the Central-West Slopes and Plains lowered (P < 0.05) VM compared with autumn and winter shearing; levels of burr and seed were also lower (P < 0.05). In other districts, burr or seed components were decreased at particular times of shearing, but there was no effect on total VM content. Seed contamination was lowest with spring and summer shearing in all districts in survey 1. Thus, in most districts, shearing time did not reduce VM, but in particular areas such changes may be of considerable value in reducing contamination from individual species. Wools from the North-West Slopes and Plains, Central-West Slopes and Plains and Western Division were heavily contaminated with burr and seed, whereas in wools from the Tablelands and Southern Slopes, seed was the major contaminant.

Post-fire Germination of Hakea sericea and Petrophile sessilis after Spring Burning

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet York ◽  
Robert J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Season Of Burning

Land managers are concerned about the season in which fire might be used as amanagement tool, in many ecosystems, yet there are few studies from whichresponses of plant populations might be predicted. Previous studies have beenmostly conducted in highly seasonal, Mediterranean-climate regions and thereis generally little replication of fires within a particular season. Findingsfrom these studies may be of limited value in ecosystems with weakly seasonalor non-seasonal climates, such as in the Sydney region. In this study, firebehaviour was quantified in three replicate fires in Hawkesbury Sandstonevegetation near Wollongong, New South Wales. Fires were conducted in spring1995, and seed germination of two Proteaceae species(Petrophile sessilis Sieber ex Schult. & Schult.f.and Hakea sericea Schrader) was followed for a yearafter fire. Fire intensity and patchiness varied substantially among the threesites, even though the fires occurred within a 2-week period, and the plantcommunities and fuel loads were similar. The timing of germination also varieda great deal among sites, occurring almost immediately after the fire at onesite but being delayed by nearly half a year at the other two. The amount ofgermination (but not the time course of germination) differed between thespecies: up to 70% of Hakea seeds had germinatedby week 44, whereas only around 5% of Petrophileseeds had germinated. There was also a variation in germination, especially ofPetrophile, within each site. It is concluded that, inthe Sydney region, the season of burning may not have a great impact on timingand amount of germination because rainfall is not strongly seasonal. Variationbetween sites and among years may therefore exceed variation between seasonsof burning.

Teachers' Attitudes and Perspectives on Educational Provisions for “Gifted” and “Talented” Children in New South Wales, Australia and Essex, England

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
New South ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Common ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

This paper focuses on teacher attitudes to educational provisions for gifted and talented children in two countries. A questionnaire was distributed to 100 teachers in Sydney, New South Wales and to 100 teachers in Essex, England. Both groups represented a range of primary and secondary schools. Teachers had between 5 and 20 years experience and most were aged between 30 and 40 years. The common factor was acceptance of provisions within the comprehensive framework of education but rejection of any provisions that might be interpreted as elitist. It was also considered that there should be pre-service and in-service training in teaching methods for gifted education for all teachers so that the individual talents of children can be accommodated according to their needs within the comprehensive system.

Field variations in alkane signatures among plant species in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chen ◽  
R. D. B. Lefroy ◽  
G. J. Blair ◽  
J. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Specific

Differences in concentrations of n-alkanes in the cuticular waxes of plants can be used to estimate the species composition of herbage mixtures or the diet consumed by grazing animals. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide information on the n-alkane (C25-C35) ‘signatures’ or patterns of pasture species occurring in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures of the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, and (ii) to examine the extent of the field variation in the signatures. There were considerable differences in odd-numbered alkanes and in their total content between species. There were also significant differences in n-alkane concentrations among species within grasses, legumes, and weeds. For the individual odd-numbered alkanes, differences between species accounted for 87-93% of the total variance in alkane concentration over 3 samplings. Variable results for the temporal effect suggest that time-specific herbage samples are needed in animal diet studies. Analyses of the spatial effect indicate that random cuts over each treatment plot can obtain representative samples of each species. Multivariate statistical analyses using principal component and discriminant analyses indicated that the patterns of alkanes in species occurring on both degraded and perennial pastures were readily distinguishable. These results confirmed that the alkane technique could be used for estimation of diet composition in grazing sheep on the Northern Tablelands, NSW, where differences in n-alkane signatures between species were sufficient and persistent over time.

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