Water-retention, organic-C and soil texture

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Wilting Point

Samples taken from the two textural phases of the surface soil of an irrigated natrixeralf and its clay subsoil were dried at wilting point and in air. Water retention increased linearly with C content, with values extrapolated to zero C content proportional to clay content. Emerson et al. (1994) (Aust. J. Soil Res., 32, 939-51) had already shown that water held by the surface samples at 10 kPa suction increased approximately linearly with C content, independently of clay content. Similar linear relations were deduced for other soils using values of field capacity and wilting point reported in the literature. A constant amount of water is considered to be held by portions of the silt/clay matrix. As the C content of the soil is increased, polysaccharide gels gradually fill additional 1-3 �m wide pores within the portions. It was calculated that, after a long period in grass, gel present increases available water on a weight basis, by 34% and 125% in loamy sand and sandy clay A horizons respectively. Where farmyard manure (FYM) was incorporated, gel only formed from the added C. Nevertheless the large increase in field capacity of a sandy loam produced by rotavation was temporarily preserved by prior addition of FYM. It is suggested that the gel here was mainly on microbial filaments.

Predicting hydraulic properties of seasonally impounded soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. PATIL ◽  
G. S. RAJPUT ◽  
R. K. NEMA ◽  
R. B. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Wilting Point

SUMMARYAgricultural crop management decisions often require data on hydraulic properties of soils. Little information is available on hydraulic properties of clay soils that are impounded by rainwater (known as ‘Haveli’ lands) every year during the monsoon season in large tracts of Madhya Pradesh in India. Estimating hydraulic properties using global pedotransfer functions (PTFs) is one possible way to collect such information. Rules in the widely used global PTF Rosetta were executed to obtain estimates of two important hydraulic properties, namely soil water retention characteristics (SWRC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). SWRC estimates obtained with maximum input (particle size distribution, bulk density, field capacity and permanent wilting point) in Rosetta were relatively closer to the laboratory-measured data as compared with the estimates obtained with lower levels of input. Root mean square error (RMSE) of estimates ranged from 0·01 to 0·05 m3/m3. Hierarchical PTFs to predictKsfrom basic soil properties were derived using statistical regression and artificial neural networks. Evaluation of these indicated that neural PTFs were acceptable and hence could be used without loss of accuracy.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

scholarly journals Hydropedological parameters limiting soil moisture regime floodplain ecosystems of south Moravia

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Ladislav Kubík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Floodplain Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Wilting Point

Soil moisture regime of floodplain ecosystems in southern Moravia is considerably influenced and greatly changed by human activities. It can be changed negatively by water management engineering or positively by landscape revitalizations. The paper deals with problems of hydropedological characteristics (hydrolimits) limiting soil moisture regime and solves effect of hydrological factors on soil moisture regime in the floodplain ecosystems. Attention is paid especially to water retention curves and to hydrolimits – wilting point and field capacity. They can be acquired either directly by slow laboratory assessment, derivation from the water retention curves or indirectly by calculation using pedotransfer functions (PTF). This indirect assessment uses hydrolimit dependency on better available soil physical parameters namely soil granularity, bulk density and humus content. The aim is to calculate PTF for wilting point and field capacity and to compare them with measured values. The paper documents suitableness utilization of PTF for the region of interest. The results of correlation and regression analysis for soil moisture and groundwater table are furthermore presented.

scholarly journals Soil water potential effects on the cellulase activities of soil treated with sewage sludge

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A.S. Sinegani ◽  
A. Mahohi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Wilting Point

To better understand how water stress and availability affect the enzyme activity and microbial communities in soil, we measured the changes of organic carbon (OC), bacteria and fungi populations, and endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in a semiarid soil treated with air-dried primary sewage sludge at a rate of 20 g/kg. The water potentials established for soil incubation were: saturation (SA, 0 bar), field capacity (FC, –0.3 bar), and permanent wilting point (PWP, –15 bar). An irrigation treatment was a drying-rewetting cycle (DWC) between –0.3 to –15 bars. After 0, 20, 60 and 90 days of incubation soils were sampled for analysis. The addition of sewage sludge increased soil OC, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities significantly. The effects of soil moisture, incubation time and their interactions on OC, and endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in soil were significant. During 20 days of incubation, OC, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities decreased significantly. Soils incubated in DWC and FC compared to soils incubated in SA and PWP had lower OC contents due to organic matter mineralization. Organic C, exoglucanase and endoglucanase activities significantly increased with increasing soil water potential. The activities of exoglucanase and endoglucanase in soils incubated in SA were significantly higher than those in soils incubated in PWP.

Drying of surface soil decreased Lupinus angustifolius root length and manganese uptake in a split-root experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Crabtree ◽  
A. D. Robson ◽  
G. S. P. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Wilting Point

In a glasshouse, a split-root experiment was used to determine the ability oflupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) to take up manganese(Mn) from dry soil either when young or at mid-flowering of the primarybranches. Three soil-watering regimes (maintained at field capacity,maintained below wilting point, and alternating from field capacity to wellbelow wilting point) were imposed after taproots had grown through topsoil andinto a nutrient solution below. Four sequential harvests (11, 22, 37, and 49days after sowing) were taken to determine the effect of soil drying on lupingrowth, Mn uptake, and soil-extractable Mn.Soil drying early in the lupin plant's life stopped the growth of lateralroots in the soil and slowed the growth of roots grown in subsoil solution andthe growth of lupin tops. Soil drying decreased uptake of Mn in the tops to13% of that under continuous wet soil conditions. Of the 13%,most (11%) was taken up while the soil was drying. Soil re-wettingenabled the plants to resume uptake of Mn and soil re-drying (just beforeanthesis) decreased the Mn concentration in the lupin stems to 4·8µg/g, whereas stems of lupins grown in the wet and dry soilscontained 10·3 and 3·3 µg/g, respectively. Easilyreducible and plant-available soil Mn were not affected by soil wetting anddrying treatments.This study confirms that the uptake of Mn by lupin may be severely restrictedby drying of surface soil at both the beginning and the end of the lupinplant's life. The decrease in root length rather than the chemical form of Mn restricted Mn uptake.

SOME MOISTURE RELATIONS IN A SOLONETZIC SOIL COMPLEX

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Wilting Point

Field study of some of the moisture conditions in a Duagh-Malmo Solonetzic soil complex revealed that the depth of soil drying was closely related to the degree of solodization. Data pertaining to the wilting point and field capacity of the soil did not reveal any reason for the differences in the field productivity and water distribution for these soils. Barley seedlings grown on surface samples of the Solonetz member exhibited a nutritional disorder. The addition of sodium sulphate, the predominant readily soluble salt in the lime-salt horizon of this soil, overcame the nutritional disorder, reduced water uptake, and increased productivity. The addition of up to 20 milliequivalents of sodium per 100 grams of soil did not create a wilting condition, even when the moisture level was allowed to fall to the measured wilting point. It is suggested that a nutritional problem may have a significant bearing on water utilization by plants grown on these soils.

Spatial distribution of basic exchangeable cations under different land uses in soils of Hamelmalo, Eritrea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Huma Naz ◽  
Million Weldetensae ◽  
B. B. Kanwar ◽  
Balwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

The study was conducted at two sites; Hamelmalo Agricultural College and Basheri watershed area in sub Zoba Hamelmalo, Keren to determine the status of basic exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) under different land uses and their relationship with physco-chemical properties of soils. Global Positioning System based soil samples were collected randomly from different land use systems, cultivated (cereals and horticulture) and non-cultivated open wood lands. The pH values ranged from neutral to strongly alkaline and electrical conductivity values were found to be non-saline in nature. The textures of majority of the surface samples were found sandy loam. Availability of exchangeable Ca++, Mg++, K+ and Na+ in surface soils of all land uses varied from high to very high, moderate to high, very low to low and very low to moderate, respectively. Exchangeable K+ showed highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) with clay content. However exchangeable Ca++ contents in soil was positively and significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with pH, clay, silt and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with BD. Mg++ had positive significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with clay content and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with sand.

scholarly journals MODELOS DE CURVA DE RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Filgueiras ◽  
Vinicius Mendes Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando França da Cunha ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
Epitácio Jose de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Potential Field ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Van Genuchten Model ◽  
Wilting Point

MODELOS DE CURVA DE RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO  ROBERTO FILGUEIRAS¹; VINICIUS MENDES RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA²; FERNANDO FRANÇA DA CUNHA³; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI³ E EPITÁCIO JOSE DE SOUZA4 1 Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa, MG. Email: [email protected]²    Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa, MG³    Prof. Dr. Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa, MG4      Doutorando em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo), UNESP. Ilha Solteira, SP.  1 RESUMO  O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a umidade na capacidade de campo e ponto de murcha permanente obtida com os modelos de obtenção da curva de retenção de água no solo de van Genuchten e potencial e ainda comparar os valores de capacidade de campo obtidos com a tensão de 6 e 33 kPa. Para isto ajustaram-se os modelos van Genuchten e potencial para as tensões de 10, 30, 50, 100, 500 e 1500 kPa, através da câmara de Richards. Posteriormente, encontrou-se os valores de umidade para as tensões na capacidade de campo (6 e 33 kPa) e ponto de murcha permanente (1500 kPa). Ambos os modelos predisseram a umidade na capacidade de campo a 33 kPa e o ponto de murcha permanente com alta precisão, exatidão e concordância, quando comparado os dois métodos. Palavras-chave: van Genuchten, potencial, capacidade de campo.  FILGUEIRAS R.; DE OLIVEIRA V. M. R.; CUNHA F. F. DA; MANTOVANI E. C.; E. J. DE SOUZA.WATER RETENTION CURVE MODELS IN THE SOIL       2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the moisture at field capacity and permanent wilting point obtained by the models and potential for obtaining the soil water retention curve by van Genuchten, also comparing the field capacity values with the tension of 6 and 33 kPa. Thus, it adjusted the van Genuchten model and potential for voltages of 10, 30, 50, 100, 500 and 1500 kPa through Richards chamber, subsequently finding the moisture values for the voltages at field capacity (6 and 33 kPa) and permanent wilting point (1500 kPa). Both models predicted moisture at field capacity at 33 kPa and the permanent wilting point with high precision, accuracy and harmony, when the two methods are compared. Keywords: van Genuchten , potential, field capacity. 

scholarly journals Analiza fizikalnih lastnosti šotnega substrata

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Tilen ZAMLJEN ◽  
Ana SLATNAR ◽  
Vesna ZUPANC
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Fast Change ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Wilting Point

<p>Peat substrate is the main substrate for plant production, mainly for the cultivation of vegetable seedlings and ornamental plants. Peat has good water retention properties, low mass, low pH and is free from diseases and pests. The water retention properties are particularly important for optimizing irrigation and thus water consumption in plant production. We investigated the water retention properties of unused and used peat substrate and various mixtures with additives, as well as the occurrence of water repellency, as this influences water absorption into the substrate. Unused peat substrate and different mixtures retained between 3.4 % and 18.4 % more water than the used substrate. The daily water losses are lower for the used substrates that initially contain lower water content at full saturation. At tensions between 10 and 33 kPa, the unused peat substrate contained between 25 % and 32 % water. The wilting point (WP) for unused peat substrate (tension between 300 and 1500 kPa) was between 15 and 18 %. Peat substrate has a wide interval of field capacity and the transition from the field capacity to wilting point is fast (change in water content between 7 % and 10 %). After drying, the water repellency of both unused and used peat substrates increased.</p>

Soil Water Retention in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos da Silva ◽  
Jeane Cruz Portela ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Batista ◽  
Rutilene Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Joaquim Emanuel Fernandes Gondim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Wilting Point

From the physics point of view, soil structure is a dynamic attribute that is affected by genetic conditions and anthropogenic changes and requires an integrated approach. Soil water retention curve is one of the main tools used in soil structure evaluations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural and chemical attributes of soils of different classes and agroecosystems in the Terra de Esperança Settlement (Governador Dix Sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) to distinguish these environments. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in horizons of 10 soil profiles of the soil classes: Cambissolo Háplico (Haplustepts), Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Eutrustox), Chernossolo Rêndzico (Calciustolls), and Neossolo Flúvico (Usticfluvents). The soil physical attributes evaluated were granulometry, soil density, total porosity, aeration porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water, and water retention curve. The results were expressed in averages of four replicates per horizon (in laboratory) by multivariate analysis, which detected the most sensitive attributes for the distinction of the environments. The soil physical attributes of the different classes and its inorganic fractions, especially silt and clay, were determinant to distinguish the environments; they affected the microporosity; aeration porosity; and available water. The source material of the Chernossolo Rêndzico, which is rich in calcium and magnesium, affected its physical attributes, characterized by the predominance of the silt fraction. Clay was the determinant fraction of the Cambissolo Háplico, and Neossolo Flúvico; and the sand fraction on the surface layer, and clay fraction in the Bw horizon were determinant of the Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. The more expressive physical attributes were soil density, sand content, macroporosity (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo), microporosity, field capacity, available water, permanent wilting point, total organic carbon, mass-based moisture, volume-based moisture, clay, aeration porosity (Cambissolo Háplico, and Neossolo Flúvico), and silt (Chernossolo Rêndzico).

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