Phosphate sorption characteristics of soils of the north Queensland coastal region

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
BN Toreu ◽  
FG Thomas ◽  
GP Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
The North ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Phosphate-sorption curves covering the range of supernatant P concentration, 0-1 �g nil-1, have been determined for a number of agriculturally important soils in the high rainfall (2000-4000 mm) region of tropical Queensland. Where possible, soil samples were taken from both virgin and cultivated sites within a soil series. The soils occur on four major parent materials, namely basaltic, granitic and metamorphic rocks, and on alluvium derived from one or more of these rocks. The shapes of the P-sorption curves and the differences in magnitude of P sorption were related to the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction which, in turn, was determined by parent material. Past applications of phosphatic fertilizer have lessened soil P-sorption capacity, despite a reduction in soil organic matter resulting from clearing and cultivation.

scholarly journals Soil diversity and properties in mountainous subtropical areas, in Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. García Calderón ◽  
A. Ibáñez Huerta ◽  
G. Alvarez Arteaga ◽  
P. V. Krasilnikov ◽  
A. Hernández Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Soil Groups ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Agroforestry is a new practice of sustainable soil use in the mountainous Sierra Sur de Oaxaca area of Mexico. Coffee is also a common cash crop grown in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the pedodiversity in the area. Soil development is very complex, and is influenced by slope parameters and parent materials. Several soil groups are found in the area investigated: Alisols, Umbrisols, and Cambisols. Morphology, chemical properties, and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of these soils were studied. The soils vary in the extent of weathering, morphology, and chemical properties, which are important to farming in the area. Most of the soils have heterogeneous parent material. The distribution of major soil types of the area is related to mass movement along the slopes, both past and present. The studied soils represent a chronosequence from unleached and unweathered Cambisols to Alisols, characterized by strong clay illuviation and dominance of kaolinite and gibbsite in clay fraction. A mosaic of landslides and gullies of various ages, formed by catastrophic events such as earthquakes and hurricanes, form the pedodiversity of the area studied. Key words: Landslides, chronosequence, pedodiversity, Cambisols, Umbrisols, Alisols

Mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of two fluvio-glacial sediments from east Greenland

Clay Minerals ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Petersen ◽  
K. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Soil Clays ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe < 2 µm fractions of two fluvio-glacial sediments from East Greenland have been analysed chemically and by XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The bulk of each < 2 µm fraction consists of feldspars and micas (biotite) which are important constituents of the Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks of the area. Significant amounts of vermiculitic and smectitic minerals are also present. Compared with similar minerals present in Danish soil clays, the Greenland vermiculite and smectite are characterized by a high degree of crystallinity and it is concluded that these minerals have been formed from biotite through K release and lattice expansion. These processes appear to have proceeded at a sufficiently high rate to yield significant amounts of vermiculite and smectite despite the cold climate prevailing in the area.

Effects of decalcification on the phosphate sorption characteristics of eight calcareous soils

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
M Chater ◽  
GEG Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Surface Equation ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Sorption Parameters ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Phosphate sorption isotherms and parameter values were determined on eight calcareous soils which were carefully decalcified using a procedure which minimized changes in cation saturation. Calcite content of the original soils varied from 0.8 to 24 2% and calcite surface areas from 4 . 0 to 8.5 m2 g-1. Sorption parameters were derived from the Langmuir 'two-surface' equation. Decalcification increased phosphate sorption at low residual P concentrations (<0.8 mg L-1) but decreased it at higher concentrations. The higher P sorption was associated with an increase in affinity because the calculated sorption capacities of high-affinity surfaces were not increased. These sorption capacities were well correlated with iron oxide contents of the soils, so the increase in phosphate affinity of these surfaces was consistent with the decrease in pH (0.5 to 1.5 units) of the decalcified soils. The lower P sorption at higher concentrations was associated with a substantial decrease in sorption capacity of the postulated low-affinity surfaces. These latter decreases were quantitatively correlated with the calcite surface areas of the original soils. These and other changes in phosphate sorption characteristics support the utility of the Langmuir 'two-surface' equation in providing information, compatible with what would be expected from more complex mechanistic models, and which exceeds what one would expect from other simpler models such as the Freundlich equation. They also support an hypothesis that an important component of low-affinity surfaces of these calcareous soils is calcite on which organic anions are co-adsorbed.

INFLUENCE OF PARENT MATERIAL AND MOISTURE REGIME ON SOIL GENESIS IN THE APPALACHIAN HIGHLANDS, QUEBEC

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Aluminous Cement

Ten pedons representing the Saint Onésime, Manie, Mont Carmel and Ixworth soil series were studied to respectively characterize the well to very poorly drained members of a toposequence formed on glacial till deposits along the north flank of the Appalachian Highlands. The parent material was generally homogeneous in the occurrence area except in the western part where glacial lakes along the Chaudière Valley controlled the deposition of a coarser till material. Soil reaction was extremely acid in the solum and pH reached approximately 6.0 in the parent material. Base saturation was low, which was related to the large amounts of aluminum hydroxypolymers present in the clay fraction. Mineralogical analysis of the clay fraction indicated an extensive transformation of illite not only to the swelling minerals, vermiculite and montmorillonite, but also to kaolinite. Chlorite was absent in the A horizons of the well drained profiles. The soils were underlain by fragic horizons. This fragipan had a moderately developed gray streak network, as these soils are not very prone to alternate humidification and desiccation cycles. Cohesion and brittleness were related to the illitic clay bridges and to an amorphous aluminous cement. The content of kaolinite in the Ae horizon of the well drained profiles and the presence of large amounts of Al hydroxypolymers in the clay fraction corresponded to more intense weathering conditions than those existing in the soils of the south flank of the Appalachian Mountains.

The genesis and development of two profiles of a drift soil in the north-East of Scotland. (With Two Text-figures.)

1933 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Uncultivated Land

Summary1. Two profiles of a drift soil at Craibstone, Aberdeenshire, have been examined in the field and in the laboratory. Both profiles have been derived from parent material of the same geological origin—a somewhat gravelly drift consisting of the granitic and metamorphic rocks of the district. One of the profiles was taken in uncultivated land and the other from arable land in the same area.2. The chief results obtained in the present investigation may be summarised as follows:

Effects of animal effluents on the phosphorus sorption characteristics of soils

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. R. Holford ◽  
C. Hird ◽  
R. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Two groups of soils were examined to determine the effects of dairy, pig, or sewage effluent and other materials containing phosphorus (P) on their P sorption characteristics, using the Langmuir equation to estimate values of both sorption capacity and sorption strength. There were 19 soils (0-15 cm) from 6 sites in the Williams River catchment and 3 soils (0-100 cm) from Bermagui, all from coastal New South Wales. Effluent usually decreased P sorption capacities of the Williams River soils, and in 3 soils the capacities were reduced to zero. Sorption strength was reduced substantially by effluent treatment in all soils except one, which had received effluent for only 3 years. Sorption strength, but not necessarily capacity, was also lower after treatment with poultry manure or chicken litter than after treatment with superphosphate only. Where effluent did not decrease sorption capacity there was a substantial increase in total carbon and iron, both of which could increase sorption capacities. After 3 years of effluent treatment of the Bermagui soil, sorption capacities had been reduced in the top 70 cm depth, the extent of the reduction varying from 17% at 0-7 · 5 cm depth to 38% at 40-70 cm depth. Sorption strength was reduced in the top 40 cm depth only. After 12 years of effluent treatment, sorption capacities and strength had also decreased at the deeper sampling depths (to 100 cm), and the average reduction in capacity was about 40%. These results suggest that P leaching will begin well before the total sorption capacity has been saturated. There was a direct and significant correlation between the sorption strength of the untreated soil and the percentage saturation reached before leaching began. Further saturation of the sorption complex appears to be slow after this degree of saturation has been reached, and it seems that P leaching exceeds adsorption during this phase. There was also a negative correlation between sorption strength and KCl-soluble P in all soils, suggesting that soil P solubility and potential saturation are both controlled by this characteristic.

scholarly journals MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ELUVIAL-GLEY ZHELTOZEMS AS EXEMPLIFIED BY SOILS OF THE ARBORETUM IN SOCHI CITY

2012 ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
N. P. Chizhikova ◽  
I. A. Gurov
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Composition Of Minerals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
North Western

The composition of fine-dispersed fractions (<1, 1-5 5-10 mkm) extracted from zheltozems located in the northern part of humid-subtropical zone in the North-Western Caucasus is represented by clay and accompanying minerals,  which have been fixed earlier in weathering crusts and their derivates characteristic of the given natural zone. The clay  fraction consists of a set of mixed-layer minerals, in which chlorite-vermiculite and mica-smectite are dominating within the soil profile. Hydromicas of dioctahedric type and kaolinite are subordinates. In the course of soil formation the  profile became differentiated according to the content of the fraction < 1 mkm and the composition of minerals in it. In the  eluvial part of the profile the individual smectite is absent but hydromicas, kaolinite, chlorite-vermiculite reveal  accumulation. Among destruction products the lepidocrocite is segregated in the AYEL horizon to a considerable extent.. The 1-5, 5-10 mkm fractions are evenly distributed, quartz is dominated.

scholarly journals Mineralogical characterization of clay fraction of Chalan Beel soils of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABMS Islam ◽  
MS Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Top soils of four different series viz Jaonia (Typic Haplaquept), Halti (Typic Haplaquept), Taras (Aeric Haplaquept) and Digli (Typic Haplaquept) developed on Atrai river alluvium were studied to investigate the clay mineralogical composition. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. The XRD patterns were obtained with Ni-filter Cu kα - radiation at a scanning speed of 2º2θ min and the amount of minerals was estimated by XRD peak intensities at parallel powder mount. Mica was the dominant clay mineral (33 - 51%) in all soils, followed by quartz (13 -19%). The kaolinite contents were small (8 - 10%) over the soils. The occurrence of vermiculite in the Digli and Taras soils (9 and 7% respectively) indicates a considerable transformation of mica. There is very little or no smectite minerals in the soils which might be due to poor parent material and disappearance of smectite from the top soils. Appreciable amount of primary minerals like quartz and feldspars have also been observed in the clay fraction of the soils. Keywords: Clay minerals; Chalan beel; X-ray diffraction DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4819 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 253-260, 2008

Study of the effects of fertilizers and rainfall on yields of crops grown in rotation

1945 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A Cowie
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Total Production ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Mineral Phosphate ◽  
Major Nutrients

An analysis of the data from the continuous manurial experiment in Woodlands Field, Craibstone Experimental Farm, Aberdeen, has demonstrated the effects of fertilizers and of rainfall on the yields of various crops grown on a six-course rotation plan with a basal application of dung to the roots. The soil is a dark brown medium loam of which the parent material is ‘drift’ from the grinding down of granite and metamorphic rocks and is typical of a large class of glacial soils in the north-east of Scotland.Of the three major nutrients nitrogen gave the largest mean response on every crop except hay. The hay yield was benefited least by nitrogen and most by potash. The effect of nitrogen was to depress slightly, but not significantly, the total production of the ley for the 3 years. Potash, on the other hand, significantly improved the yield of hay as well as of the aftermath and the following ‘pastures’. The phosphate and potash responses were approximately equal in respect of barley, oats and potatoes. Turnips, swedes and potatoes responded similarly to potash, but in terms of dry matter the response was markedly higher for potatoes.Superphosphate proved more effective than ground mineral phosphate on every crop except turnips. Further study of the data revealed interesting differences between the crops in respect of their capacity for utilizing ground mineral phosphate. Oats gave negligible responses to mineral phosphate throughout the experiment.

scholarly journals Texture and mineralogical composition of Quaternary terrestrial and marine sediments from Macedonia and Thrace, Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ananias Tsirambides
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Interstratified Phase

Clastic sediments collected from land and gulfs of Macedonia and Thrace in Greece are examined on the basis of their texture and mineral composition. All terrestrial samples are coarse-grained and poorly sorted, with angular to sub-angular grains. These are mainly composed of quartz and feldspars, followed by micas, calcite and Fe-Mg minerals. Among the clay minerals illite predominates over smectite and smectite over vermiculite (+chlorite+kaolinite). In addition, the interstratified phases illite/smectite, chlorite/vermiculite, and smectite/vermiculite are present in significant amounts in the clay fraction (<2 μm), signifying the incomplete weathering of the primary minerals. Mixing during transportation, flocculation, differential settling processes and organic matter are the main mechanisms for the distribution of the discharged terrigenous load into the North Aegean Gulfs. All gulf bottom samples are coarse to fine grained and medium sorted, and their grains are angular to sub-angular. Quartz and feldspars predominate. In addition, biogenic calcite, micas and various Fe-Mg minerals exist as primary and/or accessory minerals. Among clay minerals, illite predominates over smectite and smectite over kaolinite (+chlorite+vermiculite). Almost in all gulf sediments the interstratified phase illite/smectite is apparent. The presence of feldspars and Fe-Mg minerals, as well as the high content of clay minerals and the polymodal grain-size distribution with angular to sub-angular grains, signify mineralogical and textural immaturity of all the examined sediments, as well as predominance of mild climatic conditions and thus mild weathering processes. The quartz content in these sediments is usually <70%. Therefore, a sedimentation cycle of these materials has not been completed.

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