Phosphate sorption by reduced and reoxidized rice soils

Soil Research ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett ◽  
ML Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Extractable Iron

Intact cores of two rice soils of south-eastern Australia were flooded for 146 days to simulate part of a rice-upland crop rotation. The phosphorus sorptivity, and acetate (pH 4.8) and oxalate (pH 3.0) extractable iron levels were monitored for 210 days, before, during and after flooding. The effects of additional organic matter (rice straw) and the growing of rice plants were examined. In non-flooded soils phosphorus sorptivity was mainly influenced by clay content; there were no relationships between extractable iron and phosphorus sorbed. On flooding there were large increases in acetate and oxalate extractable iron and phosphorus sorptivity. Additional organic matter initially increased the rates of formation of extractable iron, and phosphorus sorptivity increased accordingly. However, with prolonged waterlogging, levels of oxalate iron and phosphorus sorptivity reached values dependent on the free iron oxide content of the soils. The growth of rice plants had no significant effects on phosphorus sorptivity or extractable iron at any time of sampling. During oxidation of previously flooded soils, levels of phosphorus sorptivity and oxalate iron decreased rapidly, but did not return to levels occurring before reduction. The results are consistent with domination of phosphorus sorption processes by ferrous hydrous oxides during the flooded (reduced) phase and by poorly crystalline ferric hydrous oxides during the post-flooding reoxidation phase. Agronomic implications of the results are mentioned.

A LABORATORY STUDY OF GLEYING

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Extractable Iron

Columns of different soil materials with ground leaves at the surface were maintained for 18 months with the water table continuously above the surface, or fluctuating between the surface and 15 cm. Redox potentials, colors, and extractable iron were determined. The effects of temperature and of organic matter on the rate of change of Eh were studied with flooded soils in test tubes.The rate and degree of development of dull colors and mottling in the soil columns was influenced greatly by the nature of the soil material. Reduction effected marked increases in acetic acid extractable iron from all of the soil materials. Low redox potentials developed rapidly at room temperature in flooded soils containing appreciable amounts of organic matter. Eh values below 0 mv developed slowly in soils at 1 °C and at room temperature in some soils that were almost devoid of organic matter. Release of Fe+2 from ferrous minerals was thought to account for these low Eh values.

scholarly journals Soil attributes and efficiency of sulfentrazone on control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Antonio Sergio Ferraudo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Attributes

In the soil, herbicides are submitted to absorption, leaching and degradation by physical, chemical and biological processes or absorbed by plants. All these processes are dependent on soil class and weather conditions and affect the product efficiency on weed control. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of soil attributes on sulfentrazone efficiency for controlling purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. ). Soil samples from LVAd (Typic Haplustox), LVd, LVdf and LVef (Typic Haplustox and Typic Eutrustox), NVe (Rhodic Kandiustalf), and LVd (Typic Haplustox) were collected under two crop conditions aiming to have different clay, Fe oxides, and organic matter contents. The soil samples were submitted to granulometric, chemical and mineralogical characterization. A bioassay was used to evaluate the efficacy of sulfentrazone (1.6 L c.p. ha-1) to control purple nutsedge on pre-emergence. The sulfentrazone behaved differently among the studied soil classes. The product efficiency decreased when the soil Fe oxide content increased, following the order: LVAd, LVd, NVe, LVef and LVdf. Clay content, ranging from 240 to 640 g kg-1, and organic matter content, ranging from 12 to 78 g kg-1, did not influence sulfentrazone efficiency.

Extractable Fe in the surface horizons of a range of soils from Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO Skjemstad ◽  
HVA Bushby ◽  
RW Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Mobile Component ◽  
Extractable Iron

The levels of iron and aluminium extracted from 36 surface soils by pyrophosphate, oxalate and dithionite are compared with a number of other soil properties. Correlations suggest that aluminium released by these extraction procedures is largely associated with organic matter while only a small fraction of the iron released is in this form. Significant correlations between soil pH and the negative logarithms of both oxalate (r = 0.715) and pyrophosphate (r = 0.959) extractable iron in soils with >20% clay content indicate that pH is the most significant factor in determining the level of ferrihydrite and iron/organic matter complexes in surface soils. The significance of these relationships in terms of soil weathering processes is discussed. Further, the data suggest that pyrophosphate extractable iron is a useful indicator of the most active, mobile component of iron in surface soils.

Magnesium in tropical and subtropical soils from north-eastern Australia. I. Magnesium fractions and interrelationships with soil properties

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Hailes ◽  
R. L. Aitken ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Subtropical Soils ◽  
Mg Content

The magnesium (Mg) status of 52 highly weathered, predominantly acidic, surface soils from tropical and subtropical north-eastern Australia was evaluated in a laboratory study. Soils were selected to represent a range of soil types and management histories. Exchangeable Mg concentrations were generally low (median value 0·37 cmol(+)/kg), with deficient levels (<0·3 cmol(+)/kg) being measured in 22 of the soils, highlighting the potential for Mg deficiency as a limitation to plant growth in the region. Furthermore, acid-extractable Mg concentrations, considered a reserve of potentially available Mg, were generally modest (mean and median values, 1·6 and 0·40 cmol(+)/kg, respectively). The total Mg content of the soils studied ranged from 123 to 7894 mg/kg, the majority present in the mineral pool (mean 71%), with smaller proportions in the acid-soluble (mean 11%) and exchangeable (mean 17%) pools, and a negligible amount associated with organic matter (mean 1%). A range of extractant solutions used to displace exchangeable Mg was compared, and found to yield similar results on soils with exchangeable Mg <4 cmol(+)/kg. However, at higher exchangeable Mg concentrations, dilute extractants (0·01 M CaCl2, 0·0125 BaCl2) displaced less Mg than concentrated extractants (1 M NH4Cl, 1 M NH4OAc, 1 M KCl). The concentrated extractants displaced similar amounts of Mg, thus the choice of extractant is not critical, provided the displacing cation is sufficiently concentrated. Exchangeable Mg was not significantly correlated to organic carbon (P > 0·05), and only 45% of the variation in exchangeable Mg could be explained by a combination of pHw and clay content.

scholarly journals ADSORÇÃO DE FÓSFORO EM SOLOS DE REGIÕES TROPICAIS

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Carrara Vinha ◽  
Bruna Helena Carrara ◽  
Emanuella Farias Santos Souza ◽  
Jussane Antunes Fogaça dos Santos ◽  
Sayonara Andrade C.Moreno Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Dynamics ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
P Adsorption

O fósforo (P) é o nutriente mais limitante ao cultivo nos solos tropicais, que, geralmente, apresentam alta capacidade de adsorção de P. Alguns atributos químicos e físicos do solo como o teor de argila, pH, CTC efetiva e matéria orgânica influenciam na dinâmica de adsorção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de adsorção do fósforo em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (LVA) e um Neossolo Quartzarênico (RQ) da região de transição Cerrado-Amazônia, e avaliar os atributos dos solos que influenciam na dinâmica de adsorção do P. Os ensaios de sorção foram realizados pelo método “Batch” ou em batelada e à partir dos dados obtidos foram construídas curvas obtendo a equação linearizada de Langmuir, com as quais foram determinados os valores de capacidade máxima de adsorção de P (CMAP), a constante relacionada com a energia de ligação (KL) e o fator capacidade de P máximo (FCPmáx). Houve diferença na CMAP, KL e FCPmáx dos solos estudados, sendo que os maiores valores foram encontrados no LVA, devido principalmente ao maior teor de argila em relação ao RQ. A matéria orgânica foi um dos poucos atributos que tiveram correlação negativa com os atributos de adsorção, ressaltando sua importância no manejo para aumentar a eficiência da adubação fosfatada. Palavras-chave: Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo; Neossolo Quartzarênico; Isotermas de adsorção.   Phosphorus adsorption in soils of tropical regions   ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P) is the most limiting nutrient for cultivation in tropical soils, as they generally have high P adsorption capacity. Some chemical and physical attributes of soil such as clay content, pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and organic matter influence the adsorption dynamics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of the phosphorus adsorption process in a Red-Yellow Latosol and a Quartzarenic Neosol from the Cerrado-Amazon transition region, and to evaluate the soil attributes that influence the adsorption dynamics of the soil of the phosphorus. Sorption tests were performed using the “Bach” method, from the Langmuir linearized equation, the maximum P adsorption capacity (MPAC), the constant with the binding energy (KB) and the maximum capacity factor (PCFmax) were selected. There was a difference in MPAC, KB and PCFmax of the studied soils, and the highest values ​​were found in the Red-Yellow Oxisol, mainly due to the higher clay content in relation to theTypic Quartzipisamment. Organic matter was one of the few attributes that had a negative correlation with the adsorption attributes, highlighting (emphasizing) it’s importance in (soil) management to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. Keywords: Red-Yellow Latosol; Quartzarenic Neosol; adsorption isotherms.

Phosphate sorption and extractable iron in soils during irrigated rice-upland crop rotations

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (104) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett ◽  
ML Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Extractable Iron

Two field experiments were conducted, in which phosphate sorptivity, acetate-(pH 4.8) and oxalate-(pH 3.0) extractable iron levels were monitored during irrigated rice-wheat-wheat and rice-fallow maize rotations in two clay soil types. Flooding for the rice crop markedly increased levels of phosphate sorptivity and extractable iron. On drainage of the rice crops, levels decreased rapidly but did not immediately return to levels occurring in the soils before flooding. Thereafter, levels of phosphate sorptivity and acetate-extractable iron slowly decreased during the following 21 months. Levels of oxalate-extractable iron in drained rice soils showed no consistent trends. The changes in phosphate sorptivity are described in terms of possible changes in the form of the iron hydrous oxides in the soil. The results indicated that the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer to crops after rice should increase with time after drainage of the rice crop. More efficient use of phosphate fertilizer may be achieved by delaying the sowing of the following crop for as long as possible. There appeared to be little prospect for increasing the rate of decrease in phosphate sorptivity by management practices.

The role of mineral composition regulating the turnover of organic matter in 13 forest soils from Hungary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Zacháry ◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
Tibor Filep ◽  
Réka Balázs ◽  
Zoltán Szalai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Decomposition Rate Constant ◽  
Al Oxide

&lt;p&gt;The organic matter stability is regulated by the different protection mechanisms of the soil matrix and soil minerals. In spite of that, beyond the determination of the amount of fine fractions, relatively little research studied the mineralogical composition of these fractions and their organic matter stabilizing effects. Therefore, the aim of my work was to investigate the influence of the soil mineral phases on the decomposition of soil organic carbon pools of soils under forest vegetation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maize residues were added to the 13 soil samples (depth of 0&amp;#8722;20 cm) collected from Hungary. The samples were incubated at 20&amp;#176;C and 70% field capacity during 163 days. The soil respiration was measured at specified intervals (on day 3, 8, 15, 30, 51, 79, 107, 135 and 163) and trapped in 2M NaOH and quantified by titration with 1M HCl. Another aliquot of NaOH was mixed with 2MSrCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to get SrCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; for &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The samples were analysed with an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Miniflex 600), a microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (4200, Agilent Technologies) and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Delta plus XP, Thermo Finnigan). Carbon mineralization kinetics was modelled by fitting a first-order two pools model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results showed that 1&amp;#8722;6% and 2&amp;#8722;18% of the organic carbon content of the soils was mineralized in the control and amended samples during the incubation, respectively. Carbon mineralization was mostly reduced by the illite content (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,797; p&lt;0,001), Al-oxide content (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,708; p&lt;0,001) and clay content (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,475; p&lt;0,05) of the soils. The decomposition rates of the two carbon pools were found to be influenced to the greatest extent by the illite and total Al-oxide content of the soils investigated. Whereas the decomposition rate constant of the slowly mineralizable C pool was only affected by the Al-oxide and illite content, the decomposition rate constant of the easily mineralizable carbon pool was also sensitive to the other soil parameters (aromaticity, Fe-oxide content, C/N ratio, pH and clay content).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The priming effect was found to be influenced to the greatest extent by the pH (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,715; p&lt;0,05), whereas weaker negative relationship with the content of non-swelling clay minerals (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,396; p&lt;0,05), illite content (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,389; p&lt;0,05) and the C/N ratio (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0,345; p&lt;0,05) of the soils was also detected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work was supported by the Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary [Nr. NKFIH&amp;#160;123953].&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Describing Phosphorus Sorption Processes on Volcanic Soil in the Presence of Copper or Silver Engineered Nanoparticles

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Jonathan Suazo-Hernández ◽  
Erwin Klumpp ◽  
Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda ◽  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Alejandra Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) present in consumer products are being released into the agricultural systems. There is little information about the direct effect of ENPs on phosphorus (P) availability, which is an essential nutrient for crop growthnaturally occurring in agricultural soils. The present study examined the effect of 1, 3, and 5% doses of Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs stabilized with L-ascorbic acid (suspension pH 2–3) on P ad- and desorption in an agricultural Andisol with total organic matter (T-OM) and with partial removal of organic matter (R-OM) by performing batch experiments. Our results showed that the adsorption kinetics data of H2PO4− on T-OM and R-OM soil samples with and without ENPs were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich models. The adsorption isotherm data of H2PO4− from T-OM and R-OM soil samples following ENPs addition were better fitted by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. When the Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs doses were increased, the pH value decreased and H2PO4− adsorption increased on T-OM and R-OM. The H2PO4− desorption (%) was lower with Cu0 ENPs than Ag0 ENPs. Overall, the incorporation of ENPs into Andisols generated an increase in P retention, which may affect agricultural crop production.

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