Extractable Fe in the surface horizons of a range of soils from Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO Skjemstad ◽  
HVA Bushby ◽  
RW Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Mobile Component ◽  
Extractable Iron

The levels of iron and aluminium extracted from 36 surface soils by pyrophosphate, oxalate and dithionite are compared with a number of other soil properties. Correlations suggest that aluminium released by these extraction procedures is largely associated with organic matter while only a small fraction of the iron released is in this form. Significant correlations between soil pH and the negative logarithms of both oxalate (r = 0.715) and pyrophosphate (r = 0.959) extractable iron in soils with >20% clay content indicate that pH is the most significant factor in determining the level of ferrihydrite and iron/organic matter complexes in surface soils. The significance of these relationships in terms of soil weathering processes is discussed. Further, the data suggest that pyrophosphate extractable iron is a useful indicator of the most active, mobile component of iron in surface soils.

Relationships between extractable Al, selected soil properties, pH buffer capacity and lime requirement in some acidic Queensland soils

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Ph Buffer ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The objectives of this study were to examine (1) interrelationships between various forms of extractable A1 and selected soil properties, (2) the contribution of extractable A1 to pH buffer capacity, and (3) investigate the use of extractable A1 to predict lime requirement. Aluminium was extracted from each of 60 Queensland soils with a range of chloride salts: 1 M KCl (AlK), 0.5 M CuCl2 (AlCu), 0.33 M LaCl3 (AlLa) and 0.01 M CaCl2 (AlCa). The amounts of A1 extracted were in the order AlCu > AlLa > Alk > AlCa. Little or no A1 was extracted by KC1 or Lac13 in soils with pHw values greater than 5.5 , whereas CuCl2 extracted some A1 irrespective of soil pH. The greater amounts of A1 extracted by CuCl2 were attributed mainly to A1 from organic matter, even though all of the soils were mineral soils (organic carbon 54.7%). Both AlCu and AlLa, were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with organic carbon, whereas none of the extractable A1 measures was correlated with clay content. AlK and A~L, were poorly correlated to pH buffer capacity. The linear relationship between AlCu and pH buffer capacity (r2 = 0.49) obtained in this study supports the view of previous researchers that the hydrolysis of A1 adsorbed by organic matter is a source of pH buffering in soils. However, the change in CEC with pH accounted for 76% of the variation in pH buffer capacity, indicating that other mechanisms such as deprotonation of organic groups and variable charge minerals are also involved in pH buffering. The ability of CuCl2 and LaCl3extractable Al to estimate lime requirement depended on the target pH. The results suggest that lime requirements based on neutralization of AlLa would be sufficient to raise pHw to around 5.5, whereas requirements based on neutralization of AlCu substantially overestimated the actual lime requirement to pHw 5.5, but gave a reasonable estimation of the lime requirement to pHw 6 5.

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

Prediction of available potassium in Ontario soils by electro-ultrafiltration and chemical extraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangxue Liu ◽  
T. E. Bates ◽  
T. S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Time Required

The extractions of soil K by electroultrafiltration (EUF) and by chemical methods were compared as predictors of plant-available K for greenhouse-grown alfalfa on 38 Ontario soils. The relation of soil properties to the amount of K extracted by EUF fractions was also examined. The contents of silt and clay were negatively correlated with EUF-K at 50 V and 22 °C and positively correlated with EUF-K at 400 V and 80 °C. Soil pH and organic matter were not significantly correlated with the amounts of K extracted in the EUF-K fractions. The EUF extraction of K was influenced by the presence of carbonate or high exchangeable calcium in soils. Similar correlations were obtained between K uptake and K extracted by chemical methods and the sum of EUF-K fractions. When used along with other soil properties, EUF-K fractions and K extracted by chemical methods predicted availability of soil K with roughly equal ability. The model using the sum of K extracted by EUF at 50, 200 and 400 V is the simplest one and contains three variables, K, K2 and Ca2. The use of EUF is limited due to cost of equipment and time required for analysis, unless a number of nutrients can be accurately determined on one extract. Among the chemical methods, equations developed using three nonacidic extradants, NaCl, ABDTPA and NH4OAc explained more variation in K uptake than two acidic extractants, Mehlich 3 and 0.1 M HNO3. The NaCl model, ABDTPA model and NH4OAc model contained the same variables and had similar R2 values (0.88–0.91). Key words: Available K, chemical methods, electro-ultrafiltration, EUF-K fractions, K uptake

scholarly journals Influence of brick manufacturing on phosphorus and sulfur in different agro-ecological soils of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Reshma Akter ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Total P

A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of brick manufacturing on phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) concentrations in soil and plant collected from different distances of brick kilns in four AEZs of Bangladesh. Forty eight composite soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were collected from 48 points in 12 different sites at 0 m, 300 m, 800 m and 1500 m from brick kilns, where most (site 2, site 3, site 5, site 6, site 7, site 9 and site 10) of the brick kilns used coal for brick burning purposes. Plant samples (rice straw and different vegetables) were also collected from the respective fields except 0 m distances. Significantly (p ? 0.05) lower organic matter, cation exchange capacity, clay content and soil pH were found at 0 m distances compared to other distances. Highest concentration of total P in soil were recorded at 0 m distances and these concentrations decreased with increasing distances from the brick kilns in most of the sites; whereas available P is significantly lower at 0 m distances than that of other distances. Total and available concentration of S in soil followed the trend 0 m>300 m>800 m>1500 m. Maximum accumulation of P (69.15 mg kg-1) and S (0.14%) in plant was found at 800 m away from the brick kiln.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 123-131, December-2016

scholarly journals Changes in physico-chemical properties of paddy soil due to water and fertilizer management

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan ◽  
AKM Abul Ahsan ◽  
MMR Jahangir ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Md Anwarul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physico Chemical

Soil physico-chemical properties are an important phenomenon for sustainable crop production and maintenance of optimum soil health. Hence, a laboratory measurement was conducted with soil samples of three years long experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the changes in five selected soil physico-chemical properties viz. soil texture, bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and organic matter. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two water regimes (continuous flooding and alternate wetting & drying) in the main plots and five fertilizer treatments (N0 - control, N1- 140 kg N/ha as PU, N2- 104 kg N/ha as USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills), N3 - 5 t CD + PU @ 140 kg N /ha on IPNS basis and N4- 5 t CD + USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills @ 104 kg N/ha)) in the subplots under rice-rice cropping pattern with three replications. After three years, soil samples were collected at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths for measuring bulk density and at 0-10 cm depth for other soil properties and analyzed. Results found that % sand, % silt, % clay, bulk density and soil pH was not changed significantly compared to initial status. Percentage of total nitrogen and organic matter was significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization. Total nitrogen (%) was higher in AWD whereas organic matter (%) was higher in CF practice. The highest total nitrogen (%) and organic matter (%) was found in N4 treatment in which USG was applied in combination with cowdung as organic manure. It can be suggested that N4 treatment was formed good combination for sustaining chemical properties of soil. Further long- term experimentation will be needed to know the changes in soil properties for sustainable crop production and improving soil health. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (2), 65-71

scholarly journals Assessing the amount of soil organic matter and soil properties in high mountain forests in Central Anatolia and the effects of climate and altitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göl Ceyhun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Semi Arid

The objectives of this study were to determine the amounts of soil organic matter (SOM) stored within surface soils of high mountain forests and how the SOM amounts are affected by aridity and altitude in semi-arid regions of Central Anatolia. Various climate and altitude conditions of Central Anatolia were included in this study, and SOM amounts were found to be higher in the surface soils of northern Anatolia forests. Our results showed that altitude, climatic factors, and tree species were the most important factors affecting the amount of SOM and other soil properties. SOM, pH, bulk density and available water content differed significantly depending on the altitude and climatic factors in the study areas. As the altitude increased in semi-arid regions, the aridity decreased and the amount of SOM increased.

scholarly journals Quality Enhancement of Humid Tropical Soils after Application of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Compost

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Bajora Justisia ◽  
Nanik Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Available P ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Compost Application

Compost application to soil leads to the improvement of its properties. However, nutrient content and enhancing capacity of compost are highly dependent on the original source and additive. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate selected soil quality indicators’ improvement and sweet corn growth following application of water hyacinth compost. Greenhouse experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. First factor consisted of soils from humid tropics, i.e. Andepts, Udepts, and Udults and second factor comprised of water hyacinth compost rates, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1. Treatment combinations were replicated 3 times. Compost was incorporated in soil a week before planting of sweet corn. After reaching maximum sweet corn growth, soil sample was collected, air-dried, grinded and passed through 0.5 mm screen, and analyzed for selected soil properties, except microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and particulate organic matter carbon (POMC) which were analyzed using fresh soil samples. The experiment pointed out that application of water hyacinth compost on Udepts exhibited the highest total soil organic carbon (TSOC), MBC, soil pH and available P (Bray I), followed by those in Andeps and Udults. Particulate organic matter carbon (PMOC), however, was highest in Andepts as compared to other soils. Higher rates of compost application contributed higher increase in TSOC, MBC, soil pH, available P, and exchangeable K. Udults had more pronounced increase in soil pH and decline of exchangeable Al than other soils. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the most distinct correlation among soil properties was observed between exchangeable Al and soil pH, followed by TSOC and MBC with coefficient correlation of -0.91 and 0.85, respectively. Correlation between soil properties and sweet corn growth exhibited that the most prominent correlation was shown between available P and shoot dry weigh of sweet corn with coefficient correlation of 0.92. This indicates that soil available P has significant contribution on sweet corn growth.

Spatial variability of uncultivated soils in derived savanna

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
M.E. Obi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract The spatial variability of some physicochemical properties of topsoils/subsoils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare-soil fallow of three locations was evaluated. The data were analyzed and described using classical statistical parameters. Based on the coefficient of variation, bulk density, total porosity, 60-cm-tension moisture content, and soil pH were of low variability. Coarse and fine sand were of moderate variability. Highly variable soil properties included silt, clay, macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter concentration, and cation exchange capacity. Overall, soil pH and silt varied the least and the most, respectively. Relative weighting showed that location dominantly influenced the soil variability, except for soil porosity and organic matter concentration influenced mostly by land use. Most of the soil data were normally distributed; others were positively skewed and/or kurtotic. The minimum number of samples (at 25 samples ha-1) required to estimate mean values of soil properties was highly soil property-specific, ranging from 1 (topsoil pH-H2O) to 246 (topsoil silt). Cation exchange capacity of subsoils related fairly strongly with cation exchange capacity of topsoils (R2 = 0.63). Spatial variability data can be used to extrapolate dynamic soil properties across a derived-savanna landscape.

scholarly journals Development of a composite soil degradation assessment index for cocoa agroecosystems in southwestern Nigeria

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Adenrele Adeniyi ◽  
Willem Petrus de Clercq ◽  
Adriaan van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Assessment Index

Abstract. Cocoa agroecosystems are a major land-use type in the tropical rainforest belt of West Africa, reportedly associated with several ecological changes, including soil degradation. This study aims to develop a composite soil degradation assessment index (CSDI) for determining the degradation level of cocoa soils under smallholder agroecosystems of southwestern Nigeria. Plots where natural forests have been converted to cocoa agroecosystems of ages 1–10, 11–40, and 41–80 years, respectively representing young cocoa plantations (YCPs), mature cocoa plantations (MCPs), and senescent cocoa plantations (SCPs), were identified to represent the biological cycle of the cocoa tree. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in each plot and analysed in terms of their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Factor analysis of soil data revealed four major interacting soil degradation processes: decline in soil nutrients, loss of soil organic matter, increase in soil acidity, and the breakdown of soil textural characteristics over time. These processes were represented by eight soil properties (extractable zinc, silt, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus, total porosity, pH, and clay content). These soil properties were subjected to forward stepwise discriminant analysis (STEPDA), and the result showed that four soil properties (extractable zinc, cation exchange capacity, SOM, and clay content) are the most useful in separating the studied soils into YCP, MCP, and SCP. In this way, we have sufficiently eliminated redundancy in the final selection of soil degradation indicators. Based on these four soil parameters, a CSDI was developed and used to classify selected cocoa soils into three different classes of degradation. The results revealed that 65 % of the selected cocoa farms are moderately degraded, while 18 % have a high degradation status. The numerical value of the CSDI as an objective index of soil degradation under cocoa agroecosystems was statistically validated. The results of this study reveal that soil management should promote activities that help to increase organic matter and reduce Zn deficiency over the cocoa growth cycle. Finally, the newly developed CSDI can provide an early warning of soil degradation processes and help farmers and extension officers to implement rehabilitation practices on degraded cocoa soils.

scholarly journals Status of soil properties in relationship with soil pH in Madhupur tract of Tangail district in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
U Kumar ◽  
H Rashid ◽  
NH Tithi ◽  
MY Mia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
June July ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Very High ◽  
N Status

The study was intended to investigate the status of soil properties and its relation to soil pH in Madhupur tract soil of Tangail district, Bangladesh. Thirty soil samples were collected during the period from June-July, 2016 covering four types of land as high land, medium high land, medium low land and low land. The interpretative data showed that the range of pH was strongly acidic to slightly acidic (5.27- 5.90), mean pH was slightly acidic (5.61). The organic matter (OM) status was medium (2.11 to 2.33 %) and mean OM was medium (2.24 %). The Nitrogen (N) status was low (0.11 to 0.13 %) and mean N status was medium (0.12 %). The range of the Phosphorus (P) status was found very low to medium (1.63 to 11.06 µg g-1 soil) and mean P status was medium (7.37 µg g-1 soil). The Potassium (K) status was low to very high (0.15 to 0.75meq/100 g soil) and mean K status was low (0.18 meq/100 g soil). The range of the Sulfur (S) status was found from low to medium (11.73 to 16.31 µg g-1 soil), mean S status was low (13.26 µg g-1 soil). The range of the Zinc (Zn) status was found from medium to high (0.96 to 2.23 µg g-1 soil), mean Zn status was optimum (1.55 µg g-1 soil). The range of the Boron (B) status was found from medium to very high (0.39 to 0.86 µg g-1 soil), mean B status was high (0.73 µg g-1 soil). The Calcium (Ca) status was medium to optimum (4.42 to 5.23meq/100 g soil), mean Ca status was optimum (4.83 meq/100 g soil). The Magnesium (Mg) status was optimum to high (1.21 to 1.75meq/100 g soil), mean Mg status was optimum (1.37 meq/100 g soil). No significant correlation of OM and other nutrients with pH. Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 282-287, 2019

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