Infiltration from semi-circular furrows in the field

Soil Research ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Talsma
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Qualitative Agreement ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
High Hydraulic Conductivity

Experiments on a number of field soils have provided data to check the applicability of recently proposed theory on infiltration from semi-circular furrows. Although spatial variability of soil properties was rather high, the theoretical solutions adequately described cumulative infiltration. The effect of gravity on flow, which is dependent on furrow radius and the ratio of hydraulic conductivity to sorptivity, is not necessarily greatest in soils of high hydraulic conductivity. In most soils gravity effects were pronounced. Qualitative agreement was found between the observed advance of wet fronts and those the theory predicts. Steeper moisture gradients exist near the furrow than would occur near the surface during one-dimensional flow in the same soil. Some factors of relevance to furrow irrigation, and estimation of final infiltration rates from 'short furrow' tests, are discussed.

Some aspects of three-dimensional infiltration

Soil Research ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Talsma
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Experimental Errors

Laboratory and field experiments on infiltration from hemispherical cavities have provided data to test proposed approximate solutions for cumulative infiltration. Within the limits of possible experimental errors, the theory appears to be adequate. Gravity effects are relatively unimportant in three-dimensional infiltration. The analysis of flow from cavities therefore provides a useful means of measuring sorptivity in situ, especially where hydraulic conductivity is high relative to sorptivity. Final, steady, infiltration rates, observed in most experiments within half an hour, depended strongly on capillary properties as well as on hydraulic conductivity. The present analysis is used to interpret results reported from ring infiltrometer studies.

One dimensional vertical infiltration

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Talsma ◽  
J Parlange
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Large Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Large Time Interval ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Field Soils

Various concise equations have been proposed, and used, to describe the dynamics of one-dimensional, vertical, infiltration into uniform soils. Such equations, even when initial and boundary conditions are satisfied, do not describe infiltration with equal accuracy for all materials, especially when applied over a large time interval. Recently proposed equations appear more reliable and require only two, easily measurable, soil properties, viz., sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity, for application in most practical situations. Numerical, laboratory, and field data are presented. These adequately support the reliability of the solutions. The applicability of the solutions to field soils with systematically varying conductivity is more restricted than the two- or three-dimensional solutions.

scholarly journals Effect of soil texture on water infiltration in semiarid reclaimed land

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenmei Ma ◽  
Xingchang Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhen ◽  
Yanjiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Empirical Coefficient ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The infiltration of water and its influencing factors in disturbed or reclaimed land are not well understood. A better understanding would provide essential information for assessing the hydrological processes in disturbed ecosystems. We measured the infiltration of water in soils from loamy and sandy reclaimed land. The relationships between infiltration and soil properties were analyzed based on three models: the Kostiakov, Philip, and Green–Ampt equations. Our objectives were to understand water infiltration in reclaimed land with a variety of soil textures and to establish the dependence of water infiltration on soil properties. Both the rate of infiltration and the cumulative infiltration were higher in sandy than in loamy soils. The rate of infiltration and the cumulative infiltration decreased with soil depth in undisturbed land. The sorptivity rate (S) from the Philip equation, empirical coefficient (K) from the Kostiakov equation, and the satiated hydraulic conductivity (Ksl) from the Green–Ampt equation were 22%, 16%, and 7.1% higher, respectively, in sandy than in loamy soils. The Ksl increased significantly with Ks (saturated hydraulic conductivity) in both sandy and loamy soils. These indicated that the Green–Ampt equation can be used to describe Ks and the characteristics of infiltration for soils on disturbed land.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity and its links with other soil properties at the regional scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Usowicz ◽  
Jerzy Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) is a key property for evaluating soil water movement and quality. Most studies on spatial variability of K have been performed soil at a field or smaller scale. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess (quantify) the spatial distribution of K at the larger regional scale in south-eastern Poland and its relationship with other soil properties, including intrinsic sand, silt, and clay contents, relatively stable organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and temporally variable water content (WC), total porosity (FI), and dry bulk density (BD) in the surface layer (0–20 cm). The spatial relationships were assessed using a semivariogram and a cross-semivariogram. The studied region (140 km2) with predominantly permeable sandy soils with low fertility and productivity is located in the south-eastern part of Poland (Podlasie region). The mean sand and organic carbon contents are 74 and 0.86 and their ranges (in %) are 45–95 and 0.002–3.75, respectively. The number of individual samples varied from 216 to 228 (for K, WC, BD, FI) to 691 for the other soil properties. The best fitting models were adjusted to the empirical semivariogram (exponential) and the cross-semivariogram (exponential, Gaussian, or linear) used to draw maps with kriging. The results showed that, among the soil properties studied, K was most variable (coefficient of variation 77.3%) and significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with total porosity (r = 0.300) and negatively correlated with soil bulk density (r = – 0.283). The normal or close to the normal distribution was obtained by natural logarithmic and root square transformations. The mean K was 2.597 m day−1 and ranged from 0.01 up to 11.54 m day−1. The spatial autocorrelation (range) of K in the single (direct) semivariograms was 0.081° (8.1 km), while it favourably increased up to 0.149°–0.81° (14.9–81 km) in the cross-semivariograms using the OC contents, textural fractions, and CEC as auxiliary variables. The generated spatial maps allowed outlining two sub-areas with predominantly high K above 3.0 m day−1 in the northern sandier (sand content > 74%) and less silty (silt content < 22%) part and, with lower K in the southern part of the study region. Generally, the spatial distribution of the K values in the study region depended on the share of individual intrinsic textural fractions. On the other hand, the ranges of the spatial relationship between K and the intrinsic and relatively stable soil properties were much larger (from ~ 15 to 81 km) than between K and the temporally variable soil properties (0.3–0.9 km). This knowledge is supportive for making decisions related to land management aimed at alteration of hydraulic conductivity to improve soil water resources and crop productivity and reduce chemical leaching.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Indian Forest Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Shwetha Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
High Degree

Soils are a product of the factors of formation and continuously change over the earth’s surface. The analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties is important for land management and construction of an ecological environment. Soils are characterized by high degree of spatial variability due to the combined effect of physical, chemical or biological processes that operate with different intensities and at different scales. The spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties helps us to find the subsurface flux of water. The most frequently used hydraulic properties are soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both these hydraulic properties exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of hydraulic properties of forest soils of Pavanje river basin. Correlation analysis technique has been used to analyze various soil properties. Spatial variability of the forested hillslope soils at different depths varied considerably among the soil hydraulic properties. The spatial variability of water retention at all the different pressure head is low at the top layers, and increases towards the bottom layers. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is almost same in the top layers, but more in the bottom layers of forest soil.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of the Spatial Variation of Surface Soil Properties in a Typical Alluvial Plain of the Lower Yellow River Using Classical Statistics, Geostatistics and Single Fractal and Multifractal Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5796
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhan ◽  
Yujiang He ◽  
Guizhang Zhao ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Qiaoling Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
The Lower Yellow River ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Saturated Water Content

The spatial variability of soil properties has always been a significant research field in geoscience. The types of soil properties cover a wide range, but most studies have focused on the spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties over the past decades. Studies on soil hydraulic characteristics are limited, and most of them are limited to the farmland scale. However, the spatial variability of regional soil properties (soil texture and hydraulic properties) is valuable for the study of sedimentation processes and soil water transport. Therefore, here, the spatial variation of six soil properties (sand, silt, clay content, bulk density, saturated water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity) in the typical alluvial plain area of the lower Yellow River is quantitatively studied, by using classical statistics, geostatistics and single fractal and multifractal methods. This study mainly quantitatively analysed the spatial variability of different soil properties and compared four research methods. Although the coefficient of variation, nugget coefficient, single fractal dimension and multifractal spectral width can reflect spatial variability, diverse conclusions are drawn (on variability) if different methods are used, and the different soil properties show large disparities. These four methods show a different variation order of soil properties, but there are some common conclusions based on analysis and judgment. In general, the silt content in the study area is stable, mainly originating from loess transported by Yellow River erosion, which is also reflected in the Kriging interpolation maps under the geostatistical models. The variation in bulk density and saturated water content is weak, and the spatial variability of sand and clay content is moderate. In addition, the saturated hydraulic conductivity fluctuates violently. This may be related to the differences in local topography, human activity and the content of sand and clay, each of which significantly affects the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Classical statistics has a limitation because it fails to corelate with spatial location. Due to the small sample capacity and calculation error of lag distance, the accuracy of geostatistics and single fractal dimensions needs to be improved. Multifractal spectral analysis does not need to consider the normality of data and can quantitatively represent local characteristics; therefore, its results have high reliability.

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and its Links with other Soil Properties at the Commune Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Usowicz ◽  
Jerzy Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) is a key property for evaluating soil water movement and quality. Most studies on spatial variability of SHC have been performed soil at a field or smaller scale. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess (quantify) the spatial distribution of SHC at the commune scale and its relationship with other soil properties, including intrinsic sand, silt, and clay contents, relatively stable organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC), dynamic water content (WC), total porosity (FI), and dry bulk density (BD) in the surface layer (0–20 cm). The spatial relationships were assessed using a semivariogram and a cross-semivariogram. The studied commune (140 km2) with predominantly permeable sandy soils with low fertility and productivity is located in the south-eastern part of Poland (Podlasie region). The mean sand and organic carbon contents are 74 andobablyctknąć, czy o to chodzid mniej znacznie mniejszed? ? 0.86 and their ranges (in %) are 45-95 and 0.002-3.75, respectively. The number of individual samples varied from 216–228 (for SHC, WC, BD, FI) to 691 for the other soil properties. The best fitting models were adjusted to the empirical semivariogram (exponential) and the cross-semivariogram (exponential, Gaussian, or linear) used to draw maps with kriging. The results showed that, among the soil properties studied, SHC was most variable (coefficient of variation 77.3%) and significantly (p <0.05) positively correlated with total porosity (r = 0.300) and negatively correlated with soil bulk density (r = –0.283). The mean SHC was 2.597 m day–1 and ranged from 0.01 up to 11.54 m day–1. The spatial autocorrelation (range) of SHC in the single (direct) semivariograms was 0.081° (8.1 km), while it favourably increased up to 0.149–0.81° (14.9–81 km) in the cross-semivariograms using the OC contents, textural fractions, and CEC as auxiliary variables. The generated spatial maps allowed outlining two sub-areas with predominantly high SHC above 3.0 m day–1 in the northern sandier (sand content >74%) and less silty (silt content <22%) part and, with lower SHC in the southern part of the commune. Generally, the spatial distribution of the SHC values in the commune area depended on the share of individual intrinsic textural fractions. On the other hand, the ranges of the spatial relationship between SHC and the intrinsic and relatively stable soil properties were much larger (from ~15 to 81 km) than between SHC and the dynamic soil properties (0.3-0.9 km). This knowledge is supportive for making decisions related to land management aimed at reduction of hydraulic conductivity and chemical leaching and improvement of soil water resources and crop productivity.

The Influence of Tree and Stand Age on Soil water movement in Theobroma cacao plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kegan Farrick ◽  
Darnell Gittens
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Soil Water Flow

&lt;p&gt;In many parts of the tropics, the increased demand for cocoa and its products has led to the development of new plantations. The soil properties in these young plantations may differ from older plantations or natural forests, which may affect soil water flow. As cocoa trees are very shallow rooted, the growth and survival of trees can be prone to changes in soil hydrology. We monitored the soil properties, soil water repellency and hydraulic conductivity in a 5, 12 and &gt;30 year old cocoa plantation. During the dominant wet period, soil water repellency was absent in all stands while the hydraulic conductivity showed no significant differences among them. This suggests that water movement in the wet was not impacted by stand age. However, during the dry season, the water drop penetration times at the 5 (4.1 hours) and 12 (4.4 hours) year old stands were twice as long as the &gt;30 year old plantation (2.1 hours). The extreme repellency in the younger stands were expected to reduce infiltration rates; however, higher rates were recorded in the 5 and 12 year old stands. We suggest that the higher infiltration rates in the younger stands are due to a combination of a highly repellent soil matrix and the presence of large, deep soil cracks which enhanced preferential flow. With the degree of repellency not being correlated with soil properties, we hypothesised that the high grass/sedge cover and high temperatures in the 5 and 12 year old stands enhanced it. While further research is needed to investigate the roll that grass and sedges play in developing repellent conditions and affecting soil water flow, managing their cover may prove beneficial for the growth and survival of young cocoa trees.&lt;/p&gt;

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