scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of the Spatial Variation of Surface Soil Properties in a Typical Alluvial Plain of the Lower Yellow River Using Classical Statistics, Geostatistics and Single Fractal and Multifractal Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5796
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhan ◽  
Yujiang He ◽  
Guizhang Zhao ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Qiaoling Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
The Lower Yellow River ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Saturated Water Content

The spatial variability of soil properties has always been a significant research field in geoscience. The types of soil properties cover a wide range, but most studies have focused on the spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties over the past decades. Studies on soil hydraulic characteristics are limited, and most of them are limited to the farmland scale. However, the spatial variability of regional soil properties (soil texture and hydraulic properties) is valuable for the study of sedimentation processes and soil water transport. Therefore, here, the spatial variation of six soil properties (sand, silt, clay content, bulk density, saturated water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity) in the typical alluvial plain area of the lower Yellow River is quantitatively studied, by using classical statistics, geostatistics and single fractal and multifractal methods. This study mainly quantitatively analysed the spatial variability of different soil properties and compared four research methods. Although the coefficient of variation, nugget coefficient, single fractal dimension and multifractal spectral width can reflect spatial variability, diverse conclusions are drawn (on variability) if different methods are used, and the different soil properties show large disparities. These four methods show a different variation order of soil properties, but there are some common conclusions based on analysis and judgment. In general, the silt content in the study area is stable, mainly originating from loess transported by Yellow River erosion, which is also reflected in the Kriging interpolation maps under the geostatistical models. The variation in bulk density and saturated water content is weak, and the spatial variability of sand and clay content is moderate. In addition, the saturated hydraulic conductivity fluctuates violently. This may be related to the differences in local topography, human activity and the content of sand and clay, each of which significantly affects the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Classical statistics has a limitation because it fails to corelate with spatial location. Due to the small sample capacity and calculation error of lag distance, the accuracy of geostatistics and single fractal dimensions needs to be improved. Multifractal spectral analysis does not need to consider the normality of data and can quantitatively represent local characteristics; therefore, its results have high reliability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Indian Forest Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Shwetha Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
High Degree

Soils are a product of the factors of formation and continuously change over the earth’s surface. The analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties is important for land management and construction of an ecological environment. Soils are characterized by high degree of spatial variability due to the combined effect of physical, chemical or biological processes that operate with different intensities and at different scales. The spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties helps us to find the subsurface flux of water. The most frequently used hydraulic properties are soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both these hydraulic properties exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of hydraulic properties of forest soils of Pavanje river basin. Correlation analysis technique has been used to analyze various soil properties. Spatial variability of the forested hillslope soils at different depths varied considerably among the soil hydraulic properties. The spatial variability of water retention at all the different pressure head is low at the top layers, and increases towards the bottom layers. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is almost same in the top layers, but more in the bottom layers of forest soil.

scholarly journals Effects of polyacrylamide molecular weight and mass concentration on water transport characteristics of iron tailings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Sun ◽  
Chunjuan Lyu ◽  
Rutian Bi ◽  
Lu Xia ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Saturated Water Content

AbstractIron tailings have few macropores which severely inhibit infiltration and transport of soil water. Polyacrylamide (PAM) can regulate soil water, but it is rarely used when remediating tailings matrix. In this research, PAM of four molecular weights of 300w, 600w, 800w, and 1000w were selected as amendments, and were each applied at five mass concentrations of 0% (CK), 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.16% to observe their effects on water transport in iron tailings using column simulations in the laboratory. After adding PAM, the water retention and saturated water content of iron tailings increased significantly (P < 0.05). With increases in PAM molecular weight and mass concentration, the saturated hydraulic conductivity showed a downward trend, but the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased after a dry–wet cycle. With the increase of PAM mass concentration, adding PAM of 1000w molecular weight to iron tailing decreased infiltration capacity, but treatments of other molecular weights all initially increased then decreased infiltration capacity. The greatest improvement on infiltration capacity of iron tailings was observed with the addition of PAM of 300w molecular weight and 0.01% mass concentration. Adding PAM increased the vertical depth of the saturation zone of iron tailings (P < 0.05) with a maximum depth of 20.83 cm. The Kostiakov model more accurately simulated water infiltration of iron tailings compared with the Horton and Philip models. On the whole, when PAM of low molecular weight and concentration was added to iron tailings, PAM increased stable infiltration, saturated water content, and water retention. It also inhibited saturated hydraulic conductivity of iron tailings. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to select the appropriate molecular weight and mass concentration of PAM according to the dominant limiting factors and remediation needs of the matrix.

scholarly journals Predicting the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Clayey Soils and Clayey or Silty Sands

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Stefania Bilardi ◽  
Domenico Ielo ◽  
Nicola Moraci
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Different Soils

Predictive models able to provide a reliable estimate of hydraulic conductivity can be useful in various geotechnical applications. Since most of the existing predictive methods for saturated hydraulic conductivity estimation are valid only for a limited range of soils or can be applied under certain restrictive conditions, a new method applicable to clayey soils and clayey or silty sands having a wide range of values of soil index properties is proposed in this study. For this purpose, 329 saturated hydraulic conductivity values, obtained by laboratory tests carried out on different soils, were collected in a database and used to develop five equations using a multiple regression approach. Each equation correlates the hydraulic conductivity with one or more geotechnical parameters. An equation was developed that predicts, within an order of magnitude, the saturated hydraulic conductivity in the range from 1.2 × 10−11 to 3.9 × 10−6 m/s, based on simple geotechnical parameters (i.e., clay content, void ratio, plastic limit, and silt content).

scholarly journals Effects of oil field brine wastewater on saturated hydraulic conductivity of smectitic loam soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Derby ◽  
Francis X.M. Casey ◽  
Thomas M. DeSutter
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Western North Dakota

Spills of brine wastewater produced during oil well drilling are occurring more frequently in the Great Plains, resulting in crop production loss on affected soil. Remediation requires removal of salt from the topsoil, which might be accomplished by leaching to subsurface horizons or subsurface drains. A laboratory study determined the effects of brine on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of four nonimpacted surface soils from western North Dakota, USA. Repacked soil cores were subjected to saturated water flow, followed by one pore volume of brine. Subsequent saturated water flow leached brine from the soil and reduced Ks as much as 97% (0.086–0.003 cm h−1) within 24 h. Effluent total dissolved solids (TDS) approached 250 000 mg L−1 then declined (5 mg L−1) with continued leaching, but Ks did not increase. Removal of soluble salts during leaching increased the relative sodium concentrations (ESP > 55), causing clay swelling/dispersion and reduced Ks. Postbrine gypsum application (11.2 Mg ha−1) to replace exchangeable sodium with calcium did not improve Ks. This evidence suggests that if subsurface drainage is used for reclaiming brine-impacted soils that special attention be given to where dispersion/swelling is occurring, leaching water quality, and closely positioning calcium amendments within the high sodium zones.

Spatial relationship between soil hydraulic and soil physical properties in a farm field

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Biswas ◽  
B C Si
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Curve Shape ◽  
Scaling Parameter

The relationship between soil properties may vary with their spatial separation. Understanding this relationship is important in predicting hydraulic parameters from other soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to identify spatially dependent relationships between hydraulic parameters and soil physical properties. Regularly spaced (3-m) undisturbed soil samples were collected along a 384 m transect from a farm field at Smeaton, Saskatchewan. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil water retention curve, and soil physical properties were measured. The scaling parameter, van Genuchten scaling parameter α (VGα), and curve shape parameter, van Genuchten curve shape parameter n (VGn), were obtained by fitting the van Genuchten model to measured soil moisture retention data. Results showed that the semivariograms of soil properties exhibited two different spatial structures at spatial separations of 20 and 120 m, respectively. A strong spatial structure was observed in organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), sand, and silt; whereas a weak structure was found for VGα and VGn. Correlation circle analysis showed strong spatially dependent relationships of Ks and VGα; with soil physical properties, but weak relationships of θs and VGn with soil physical properties. The spatially dependent relationships between soil physical and soil hydraulic parameters should be taken into consideration when developing pedotransfer functions. Key words: Spatial relationship, geostatistics, linear coregionalization model, principal component analysis, pedotransfer function

Subsoil hydraulic conductivity estimates for the Lower Macquarie Valley

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Bird ◽  
TM Willis ◽  
GJ Melville
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Soil Groups

Field saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured in situ, at two depths in the B horizon, on irrigated soils in the Lower Macquarie Valley. Measurements were made with constant head well permeameters, using the single-head method, and water of moderate sodicity and high salinity. The hydraulic conductivity data were log-normally distributed for all soil groups and there were significant differences between some of these soil groups in mean hydraulic conductivity. Three soils exhibited significant differences in mean hydraulic conductivity between depths. Hydraulic conductivity measurements ranged up to 3 orders of magnitude within a soil. Variation in hydraulic conductivity estimates, both between and within soil groups, confirmed the variation observed in previous predictions of deep drainage, which were obtained using a semi-empirical model. A cluster analysis on hydraulic conductivity indicated that similar morphological soil properties did not necessarily reflect similar hydrologic properties. There was a strong relationship between hydraulic conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), hydraulic conductivity and clay content, and ESP and clay content. A model was developed to predict field saturated hydraulic conductivity from ESP and clay content data. Hydraulic conductivity measured in this study may not have been representative of percolation rates which would occur with low salinity irrigation water, but can be used to assess the risk of recharge from irrigation on different soils in the lower Macquarie Valley. Shallow watertables may potentially develop when the application of irrigation water greatly exceeds crop water requirements. Quantification of groundwater recharge will allow the likelihood of shallow watertable development in the Lower Macquarie Valley to be assessed.

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