Effectiveness of artificial zeolite amendment in improving the physicochemical properties of saline-sodic soils characterised by different clay mineralogies

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moritani ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
H. Andry ◽  
M. Inoue ◽  
A. Yuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Sodic Soil

The use of artificial zeolite (AZ) derived from recycled material as a soil amendment has recently received much attention. The effectiveness of AZ in controlling soil loss, sediment concentration, and runoff water quality in artificial sodic soils is discussed in this study. Soils containing 3 different types of clay mineralogies (kaolinitic, smectic, and allophanic) were tested. Aggregate fractions with sizes >2000 μm and saturated hydraulic conductivity were considerably decreased due to aggregate dispersion after soil sodification, although the sodic KS soil was most stable. The addition of 10% AZ to sodic soil improved the mean weight diameter (MWD) and saturated hydraulic conductivity due to a decrease in exchangeable sodium percentage, resulting in a reduction in soil aggregate dispersion. This improvement of sodic soil with AZ had a beneficial effect on erodibility (soil loss and runoff water). This is attributed to the increment in soil infiltration as a result of the suppression of seal formation on the soil surface. The suppression of erodibility effectively controlled the salt concentration of runoff water. A beneficial effect of MWD and AZ contents on sediment concentration was observed, and a negative influence of electrical conductivity. These findings complement the role of AZ in controlling soil erosion.

The Study of Surfactant Effect on Soil Water Infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1946-1949
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Li ◽  
Tian Wei Qian ◽  
Li Juan Huo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium

In this paper,the effect of surfactant to the infiltration and the change of saturated hydraulic conductivity was studied by GUELPH PERMEAMETER. We investigated effects on soil infiltration by three representative surfactants.The results show that the existing of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide bromide (CTAB) and polyxyethylene fatty alcohol (AEO9) would decrease soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.

INFLUENCE OF AMMONIUM ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CLAY PARTICLES IN A SODIC SOIL AND BENTONITE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. VAN SCHAIK ◽  
R. R. CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
Solonetz Soil

The addition of ammonium salts increased the hydraulic conductivity of samples taken from the Bnt horizon of a Solonetz soil. The improved conductivity was caused by an increase in the salt concentration in the soil solution and by the ammonium adsorbed on the clay particles. Since the dominant clay mineral in this soil type is montmorillonite, purified bentonite was used for comparative studies. Mobility studies of montmorillonite systems indicated that the adsorbed NH4 ions are tightly bound to the clay particles. The size of the NH4-tactoids was found to be larger than that of the Na-tactoids but less than half that of the Ca-tactoids. It was concluded that the beneficial effect of ammonium on water movement in Solonetz soils will be less than that of calcium, but the transformation of the adsorbed ammonium in the field, followed by replacement of sodium by hydrogen, may result in further improvement of these soils.

Effects of skidding on forest soil infiltration in west-central Alberta

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Startsev ◽  
D. H. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Constant Head

Soil compaction during forest harvesting generally reduces macropore space, which reduces infiltration and increases the potential for surface erosion and waterlogging. Hydrological effects of 3, 7 and 12 skidding cycles and their persistence were evaluated for 3 yr at 14 sites, which represented a range of soil texture and compaction conditions in the foothills and boreal forests of Alberta. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) was determined using a constant head method on soil cores collected from 5- and 10-cm depths; unconfined infiltration rate of the surface soil (IR) was measured in situ with tension infiltrometers at near saturation. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in bulk density during skidding caused a significant reduction in both HC and IR after the first three cycles at eight sites where soil water potential at the time of skidding was higher than −15 kPa; the decrease at the other sites was not significant. Additional traffic, up to 12 cycles, did not cause a further significant decrease in HC or IR. The infiltration rate of soil compacted by three skidding cycles showed a recovery trend. However, in more intensively trafficked soils, compaction effects on infiltration remained significant for at least 3 yr, which was possibly attributed to heavy snowpacks preventing soil freezing at lower depths. Key words: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, unconfined infiltration rate, tension infiltrometers, skidders, boreal forest, Alberta

Vegetation, soil hydrophysical properties, and grazing relationships in saline-sodic soils of Central Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cisneros ◽  
J. J. Cantero ◽  
A. Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Central Argentina

Land use and grazing regime can influence the dynamic of soil water and salt in humid areas. In Central Argentina, more than 2 ×106 ha are subjected to either permanent or cyclical processes of land salinization, alkalinization, flooding and sedimentation. In this region, the natural vegetation is the principal resource on which most systems of animal production are based. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant cover and grazing over some hydrophysical properties of three saline-sodic soils (two Gleic Solonetz in duripan phase and one Mollic Solonetz in fragipan phase), within a catena sequence. The effects on bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration runoff, superficial salt accumulation and soil salinity distribution were determined in both bare and covered soil conditions, inside and outside of grazing exclosures. The results showed increased bulk density of topsoil for bare conditions, while saturated hydraulic conductivity did not show significant differences. In soils without any cover, the infiltration decreased significantly. Consequently, the runoff coefficient and salinity were greater, as indicated by significant salt accumulation in the topsoil. The soil profile salinity was reduced as a function of exclosure time, showing a trend toward desalinization resulting from a combined effect of soil cover and changes in intensity of land use. A conceptual model of salt and water dynamics in the soil profile for the landscape scale is postulated. The role of vegetation in regulating water and salt movement in poorly drained areas is emphasised as a basis for the development of management strategies. Key words: Saline and sodic soils, infiltration, runoff, grazing, exclosure, model

Soil and crop responses to long-term potato production at a benchmark site in northwestern New Brunswick

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Rees ◽  
T L Chow ◽  
E G Gregorich
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Concerns about deteriorating soil quality led to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada establishing a network of 23 soil quality monitoring benchmark sites with the objective of providing a baseline data set for assessing change in soil quality and biological productivity of representative Canadian farming systems. A site (22-NB) was established in 1990 in northwestern New Brunswick to monitor changes in Podzolic and Brunisolic soils developed on coarse loamy till on a rolling landscape under intensive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production [potato-potato-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation] that was cultivated along the contour with variable grade diversions and a grassed waterway. Soil samples were collected in 1990 and again in 2000. Field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) at 10–20, 26–36 and 50–60 cm, earthworm counts and crop yield measurements were conducted annually. 137Cs data were collected in 1990 to estimate soil displacement at the site. Runoff and soil loss between May 01 and Nov. 30 were measured annually. The soil conservation system at site 22-NB has resulted in annual runoff and soil loss of only 9 mm and 311 kg ha-1, respectively. Measured values of 137Cs averaged 2114 Bq m-2 (70% of baseline). Changes in the Ap horizon properties between 1990 and 2000 included significant (P < 0.05) increases in available P (+ 86.7 mg kg-1) and K (+ 13.4 mg kg-1) and significant reductions in available Mg (−45.8 mg kg-1) and SOC (−0.51 g kg-1). The Kfs of 10- to 20-cm, 26- to 36-cm and 50- to 60-cm depths were 1.3, 1.0 and 1.0 cm h-1, respectively. Very few earthworms were present (0.05 worms m-2). The upper terrace was consistently the highest yielding in both potato and barley, while the lowest terrace was consistently the lowest yielding in both crops. Crop yields may have been affected by micro-climate and other soil differences as a result of site position.While the system of contour tillage with variable grade diversions and grassed waterway conserved both soil and water, the potato-potato-grain rotation did not maintain SOC levels or sustain earthworm populations. Associated heavy rates of fertilization also lead to increased levels of soil K and P. Key words: Soil quality, soil organic carbon, hydraulic conductivity, earthworms, runoff, water erosion

Effect of Iron Pyrites, Organic Materials and Micronutrients on Yield of Rice and Wheat and on Amelioration of Sodic Soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Tiwari ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Iron Pyrites

SUMMARYThe effects of iron pyrites, organic materials and micronutrients on the yield of rice and wheat and on the amelioration of saline sodic soil were studied at Kanpur. The grain yield of the first crop of rice increased from 1.37 to 2.97 t ha−1 following application of pyrites at 50% of the estimated gypsum requirement. The grain yield of succeeding wheat and rice crops also increased significantly with pyrites treatment. These increases were associated with marked decreases in pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable and soluble sodium content and bulk density of the soil and with an increase in its hydraulic conductivity. The beneficial effect of pyrites was increased with the application of rice straw, Sesbania as green manure and micronutrients, the pyrites plus Sesbania green manure treatment being the most effective.

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