Vegetation, soil hydrophysical properties, and grazing relationships in saline-sodic soils of Central Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cisneros ◽  
J. J. Cantero ◽  
A. Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Central Argentina

Land use and grazing regime can influence the dynamic of soil water and salt in humid areas. In Central Argentina, more than 2 ×106 ha are subjected to either permanent or cyclical processes of land salinization, alkalinization, flooding and sedimentation. In this region, the natural vegetation is the principal resource on which most systems of animal production are based. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant cover and grazing over some hydrophysical properties of three saline-sodic soils (two Gleic Solonetz in duripan phase and one Mollic Solonetz in fragipan phase), within a catena sequence. The effects on bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration runoff, superficial salt accumulation and soil salinity distribution were determined in both bare and covered soil conditions, inside and outside of grazing exclosures. The results showed increased bulk density of topsoil for bare conditions, while saturated hydraulic conductivity did not show significant differences. In soils without any cover, the infiltration decreased significantly. Consequently, the runoff coefficient and salinity were greater, as indicated by significant salt accumulation in the topsoil. The soil profile salinity was reduced as a function of exclosure time, showing a trend toward desalinization resulting from a combined effect of soil cover and changes in intensity of land use. A conceptual model of salt and water dynamics in the soil profile for the landscape scale is postulated. The role of vegetation in regulating water and salt movement in poorly drained areas is emphasised as a basis for the development of management strategies. Key words: Saline and sodic soils, infiltration, runoff, grazing, exclosure, model

Effect of Nano, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Some Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Productivity in Saline Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Kh. A. Shaban ◽  
M. A. Esmaeil ◽  
A. K. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Kh. A. Faroh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

scholarly journals Soil type and land use effects on tensorial properties of saturated hydraulic conductivity in northern Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Horn ◽  
Anneka Mordhorst ◽  
Heiner Fleige ◽  
Iris Zimmermann ◽  
Bernd Burbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Land Use Effects

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Application and Re-Application on Soil Bulk Density, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Content and Soil Water Availability in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Toková ◽  
Dušan Igaz ◽  
Ján Horák ◽  
Elena Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Silty Loam

Due to climate change the productive agricultural sectors have started to face various challenges, such as soil drought. Biochar is studied as a promising soil amendment. We studied the effect of a former biochar application (in 2014) and re-application (in 2018) on bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content and selected soil water constants at the experimental site in Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) in 2019. Biochar was applied and re-applied at the rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually at application levels N0, N1 and N2. In 2019, these levels were represented by the doses of 0, 108 and 162 kg N ha−1, respectively. We found that biochar applied at 20 t ha−1 without fertilizer significantly reduced bulk density by 12% and increased porosity by 12%. During the dry period, a relative increase in soil water content was observed at all biochar treatments—the largest after re-application of biochar at a dose of 20 t ha−1 at all fertilization levels. The biochar application also significantly increased plant available water. We suppose that change in the soil structure following a biochar amendment was one of the main reasons of our observations.

scholarly journals Agricultural Expansion-Induced Infiltration Rate Change in a West African Tropical Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yacouba Yira ◽  
Aymar Y. Bossa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
West African ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Land Expansion

Land use and land cover in the Dano catchment is characterized by a rapid conversion from seminatural vegetation (fallow) to agriculture (cropland). The study compares both the saturated (Ks) and the unsaturated (Kh) hydraulic conductivities under cropland and fallow in the catchment to gain insights into the effect of the current land use on soil water dynamics. Hydraulic conductivity was measured under forty-two (42) pairs of adjacent cropland-fallow plots using a Hood infiltrometer. Ks, Kh, bulk density, and soil texture were further compared using a paired two-tailed Student’s t-test (p=0.05). The results showed that both Ks and Kh are highly variable irrespective of the land use type (coefficient of variation > 100%). The results also showed that Ks was significantly higher (1.16-fold on average) under fallow compared to cropland. As for Kh, the results showed that, from −2 cm to zero tension heads (h), Kh under cropland and fallow is not significantly different; however, as the supplied tension decreases up to the saturation state, Kh under fallow becomes statistically higher compared to cropland. No significant difference was found between soil textures and bulk density under cropland and fallow meaning that the observed differences of Ks and Kh under cropland and fallow were caused by land use and not preexisting difference in texture. These results suggest an increasing risk of erosion, soil fertility reduction, and flood in the catchment because of agricultural land expansion.

Modelling leaching and recharge in a bare transitional red-brown earth ponded with low salinity water in summer

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cai ◽  
SA Prathapar ◽  
HG Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Water And Salt Movement ◽  
Winter Fallow

A modelling study was conducted to evaluate water and salt movement within a transitional red-brown earth with saline B horizon soil when such waters are used for ponding in summer. The model was calibrated using previously published experimental data. The calibrated model was used to evaluate the effect of depth to watertable, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and ponding water salinity on infiltration, water and salt movement within the soil profile, and recharge. The study showed that when initial soil water content and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are low, infiltrating water will be stored within the soil profile even in the absence of a shallow watertable. Once the soil water content is high, however, recharge will be significant in winter, even if there is no net infiltration at the soil surface. Infiltration rates depend more on Ks than the depth to watertable if it is at, or below, 1.5 m from the soil surface. When Ks is high, recharge under ponding will be higher than that under winter fallow. Subsequent ponding in summer and fallow in winter tend to leach salts from the soil profile, the leaching rate dependent on Ks. During winter fallow, due to net evaporation, salts tend to move upwards and concentrate near the soil surface. In the presence of shallow watertables, leached salts tend to concentrate at, or near, the watertable.

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