Responsiveness of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to liquid and granular phosphorus fertilisers in southern Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. McBeath ◽  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
E. Lombi ◽  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
R. E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
P Application ◽  
Yield Responses

Recent field trials on alkaline soils in southern Australia showed significant grain yield responses to liquid compared with traditional granular forms of P fertiliser. However the advantages of liquid over granular P forms of fertiliser has not been consistent on all soil types. In order to better predict the soil types on which liquid P fertilisers are likely to have potential, a glasshouse trial was conducted to compare the responsiveness of wheat to both liquid and granular forms of P on a wide range of Australian soils. A granular P fertiliser (triple superphosphate) and 2 liquid fertilisers (phosphoric acid and ammonium polyphosphate) were compared at a rate equivalent to 12 kg P/ha in 29 soils representing many of the soil types used for grain production in Victoria and South Australia. Wheat biomass was enhanced by P application in 86% of the soils tested. In 62% of the P-responsive soils, wheat dry matter was significantly greater when liquid P fertilisers were used compared with the granular form. Chemical analysis of the soils tested showed that the better performance of liquid P forms was not correlated to total P concentration in soil, P buffer capacity, or P availability as measured by Colwell-P. However, there was a significant positive relationship between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of soil and wheat responsiveness to liquid P fertiliser.

An appraisal of soil phosphorus testing data for crops and pastures in South Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
CB Dyson ◽  
DE Elliott ◽  
DC Lewis ◽  
CL Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Proportional Yield

Data from more than 580 field experiments conducted in South Australia over the past 30 years have been re-examined to estimate extractable soil phosphorus (P) levels related to 90% maximum yield (C90) for 7 crop species (wheat, barley, oilseed rape, sunflower, field peas, faba beans, potato) and 3 types of legume-based pasture (subterranean clover, strawberry clover, annual medics). Data from both single-year and longer term experiments were evaluated. The C90 value for each species was derived from the relationship between proportional yield responsiveness to applied P fertiliser rates (determined as grain yield in crops and herbage yield in ungrazed pastures) and extractable P concentrations in surface soils sampled before sowing. Most data assessments involved the Colwell soil P test and soils sampled in autumn to 10 cm depth. When all data for a species were considered together, the relationship between proportional yield response to applied P and soil P status was typically variable, particularly where Colwell soil P concentration was around C90. When data could be grouped according to common soil types, soil surface texture, or P sorption indices (selected sites), better relationships were discerned. From such segregated data sets, different C90 estimates were derived for either different soil types or soil properties. We recommend that site descriptors associated with the supply of soil P to plant roots be determined as a matter of course in future P fertiliser experiments in South Australia. Given the above, we also contend that the Colwell soil P test is reasonably robust for estimating P fertiliser requirements for the diverse range of soils in the agricultural regions of the State. In medium- and longer term experiments, changes in Colwell soil P concentration were measured in the absence or presence of newly applied P fertiliser. The rate of change (mg soil P/kg per kg applied P/ha) appeared to vary with soil type (or soil properties) and, perhaps, cropping frequency. Relatively minor changes in soil P status were observed due to different tillage practices. In developing P fertiliser budgets, we conclude that a major knowledge gap exists for estimating the residual effectiveness of P fertiliser applied to diverse soil types under a wide range of South Australian farming systems.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Availability for Irrigated Rice Cultivated Under No-Tillage and Different Phosphate Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Magali De Ávila Fortes ◽  
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Algenor da Silva Gomes ◽  
Fabiana Schmidt ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
P Availability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Yield Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of irrigated rice to phosphate fertilization using triple superphosphate (TSP) and Arad phosphate rock (APR), and the phosphate residual effects of upland crops in no-tillage system on the following rice crop. Also, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Mehlich-1 and anion exchange resin as soil P extractors. Two experiments were conducted in Albaqualf soil under irrigated conditions in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The experiments were designed as random blocks with four replications and the treatments were displayed as a 2 × 2 factorial (TSP and APR, with and without annual P application as TSP). No yield responses to phosphate were observed. Phosphate fertilization performed on upland crops (maize and soybeans) presented a residual effect on the rice crop even after four years of consecutive cropping under no-tillage. The extractors Mehlich-1 and AER were equally efficient in the evaluation of P availability for the rice crop. P content values obtained by both methods did show a significant correlation with accumulated plant P. The APR presents a similar performance as the TSP in regard to phosphate nutrition in irrigated rice when rotated with upland crops under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Towards optimal use of phosphorus fertiliser

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mart B. H. Ros ◽  
Gerwin F. Koopmans ◽  
Kees Jan van Groenigen ◽  
Diego Abalos ◽  
Oene Oenema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Because phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting nutrients in agricultural systems, P fertilisation is essential to feed the world. However, declining P reserves demand far more effective use of this crucial resource. Here, we use meta-analysis to synthesize yield responses to P fertilisation in grasslands, the most common type of agricultural land, to identify under which conditions P fertilisation is most effective. Yield responses to P fertilisation were 40–100% higher in (a) tropical vs temperate regions; (b) grass/legume mixtures vs grass monocultures; and (c) soil pH of 5–6 vs other pHs. The agronomic efficiency of P fertilisation decreased for greater P application rates. Moreover, soils with low P availability reacted disproportionately strong to fertilisation. Hence, low fertiliser application rates to P-deficient soils result in stronger absolute yield benefits than high rates applied to soils with a higher P status. Overall, our results suggest that optimising P fertiliser use is key to sustainable intensification of agricultural systems.

Response of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to phosphorus fertilisation on alkaline soils in eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Dorahy ◽  
I. J. Rochester ◽  
G. J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Abstract. Seventeen field experiments were conducted on alkaline soils in eastern Australia between 1997 and 2000 to evaluate irrigated cotton response to phosphorus (P) fertilisation. Only 3 experiments demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in crop P uptake or lint yield with P application. Comparison of several soil P tests revealed that Colwell (bicarbonate) P provided the best correlation with P uptake at early flowering and lint yield. Soil P may limit cotton growth where Colwell-P concentrations are <6 mg/kg. Soil P concentrations at most of the sites were well above this critical limit, so P fertiliser application was not required. Average P uptake at physiological cut-out and P removal in seed cotton was 21 and 15 kg P/ha, respectively. Apparent P fertiliser recovery was variable (0–67%) and may have contributed to the lack of response that was observed in 14 out of the 17 experiments. It is recommended that at least 40 kg P/ha be applied to soils with Colwell-P concentrations <6 mg/kg to increase soil P reserves. Application rates of at least 20 kg P/ha are recommended where Colwell-P falls between 6 and 12 mg/kg to maintain soil P fertility.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Heba Elbasiouny ◽  
Fathy Elbehiry ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Eric C. Brevik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss

Soil phosphorus (P) is an essential element that is often limiting in ecosystems. Excessive use of P fertilizers has led to P loss from soil and introduction into the environment. However, the behavior and potential risk assessment of P in alkaline soils is not well studied. Therefore, soil sampling was performed in alkaline soils in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Three analytical procedures (i.e., Mehlich 3 (PM3), Olsen (POlsen), and Bray 1 (PBray) solutions) were used to evaluate P availability and potential environmental risk from P loss. Selected soil properties were determined using standard methods. Mean values of P extracted were in the order PM3 > Polsen > PBray, and were significantly correlated with each other. The PM3 was the highest in silt clay loam and lowest in sandy and loamy soils. To predict potential P loss from the soils, degree of P saturation (DPS), soil P storage capacity (SPSC), and P stability ratio (Psat) were calculated. Results showed the highest DPS was recorded in sandy textured soils, indicating that they have lower sorption capacity, whereas the SPSC was highest in silt clay textures; hence, it is likely they would act as a P sink. Psat was highest in sandy soils, which indicated a high risk for P leaching. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the data identified four principal components that described 83.8% of the variation between P and the studied soil parameters. The results indicated that silt was the critical soil characteristic associated with both P sorption and extractability in different textures of soil. The second component confirmed the positive association between the different soil P extraction methods (PM3, POlsen, and PBray).

THE MECHANISM OF PHOSPHORUS-INDUCED ZINC DEFICIENCY IN BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SINGH ◽  
R. E. KARAMANOS ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
P Application ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Yield Responses

The nature of the P-induced Zn deficiency in bean plants was studied in a growth chamber experiment using three pedogenically different soils. Application of P (0, 40, 80 and 160 mg P kg−1 soil) resulted in significant dry matter (DM) yield increases. Maximum DM yields were attained at the 40 mg P kg−1 application rate. Application of Zn (0, 5 or 10 mg Zn kg−1 soil) without P application had no effect on DM yields of bean plants. However, Zn application in combination with P application resulted in significant DM yield responses. There was no evidence that the P-induced Zn deficiency was a result of differences in soil characteristics or influence of P on the water soluble plus exchangeable, organically bound, Mn- and Fe-oxide bound or residual Zn fractions. The Zn concentration in bean plant tops was significantly reduced due to P application and the magnitude of the reduction was greatest with the first increment of applied P (40 mg P kg−1 soil). Application of P induced Zn deficiency, at least partly, by stimulation of growth and subsequent dilution of tissue Zn concentration. Translocation of Zn from roots to tops appeared to be restricted at 80 and 160 mg applied P kg−1 soil treatments, as evidenced by the reduction of Zn uptake in non-Zn treatments. Thus, plant dilution effects and reduced translocation of Zn from roots to tops were the two mechanisms responsible for the observed P-induced Zn deficiency in this study. Key words: P × Zn interaction, plant availability, plant uptake, soil Zn fractions, soil P, Zinc-65

scholarly journals Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Philippe Biron ◽  
Thierry Bariac ◽  
Paula Cartes ◽  
María de La Luz Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
Use Efficiency

To maintain grassland productivity and limit resource depletion, scarce mineral P (phosphorus) fertilizers must be replaced by alternative P sources. The effect of these amendments on plant growth may depend on physicochemical soil parameters, in particular pH. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil pH on biomass production, P use efficiency, and soil P forms after P amendment application (100 mg kg−1 P) using poultry manure compost (PM), rock phosphate (RP), and their combination (PMRP). We performed a growth chamber experiment with ryegrass plants (Lolium perenne) grown on two soil types with contrasting pH under controlled conditions for 7 weeks. Chemical P fractions, biomass production, and P concentrations were measured to calculate plant uptake and P use efficiency. We found a strong synergistic effect on the available soil P, while antagonistic effects were observed for ryegrass production and P uptake. We conclude that although the combination of PM and RP has positive effects in terms of soil P availability, the combined effects of the mixture must be taken into account and further evaluated for different soil types and grassland plants to maximize synergistic effects and to minimize antagonistic ones.

scholarly journals Yield responses to P fertilisation of onion (Allium cepa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group L.) in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Uusitalo ◽  
Terhi Suojala-Ahlfors ◽  
Pirjo Kivijärvi ◽  
Timo Hurme
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Yield Responses

Finnish data on vegetable crops’ yield responses to phosphorus (P) applications are scarce, but P is usually applied in quantities that meet the crop demand with wide safety margins. We determined yield responses to P fertilisation of onion and cabbage at three sites in 3-year field trials. Only on a sandy loam with low P status did annual P applications give statistically significant yield increases, 7% and 20% over the P-unfertilised treatment for onion and cabbage, respectively. The maximum P rate allowed by national regulation for this soil is 80 kg ha-1, but P rates of 10–12 kg ha-1 were sufficient to produce 97% of the yield maxima. The results strongly suggest that the P demand of the studied vegetables is smaller than previously thought also in a boreal climate. Critical soil test P concentrations for vegetables should be established to avoid unnecessary build-up of soil P that may be uneconomical and elevate the risk for P losses to waterways. However, too few data exist for this at present.

Forage biomass yield and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in a legume and C3 and C4 grasses under increasing soil phosphorus availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Tomás Chippano ◽  
Ileana García ◽  
Noelia Cofré ◽  
Rodolfo Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Lotus Tenuis ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Phosphorus (P) is the main limiting factor for forage production in grasslands. It is important to determine levels of available P in soil that optimise production with minimum impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated the effects of increasing P availability on biomass production, root morphology, AM symbiosis and P acquisition of a forage legume (Lotus tenuis), a C3 grass (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and a C4 grass (Panicum coloratum) growing on a P-deficient soil in pots with P applied at rates of 0–160 mg kg–1 dry soil. The three forage species responded strongly to addition of P, with 90% of maximum shoot growth reached at available P levels of 24.3 mg kg–1 for L. tenuis, 14.4 mg kg–1 for P. coloratum and 11.2 mg kg–1 for S. arundinaceus. Lotus tenuis and P. coloratum produced higher yields of shoot biomass than S. arundinaceus. Root dry weight was higher in the legume than in the grasses, with the root-mass fraction being lowest in P. coloratum. AM colonisation was higher in L. tenuis roots than in grass roots, and decreased with increased soil P availability, especially in grasses. Low to moderate additions of P did not affect, and could even improve, AM colonisation in L. tenuis roots. For L. tenuis, it is possible to increase forage yield while maintaining high values of AM colonisation at 10–20 mg kg–1 of available P, but for grasses, especially S. arundinaceus, it is difficult to achieve both objectives. The presence of L. tenuis in grasslands or pastures may contribute to maintaining the native AM inoculum under a wide range of soil P availability in regions such as the Salado River basin of Argentina.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document