scholarly journals Yield responses to P fertilisation of onion (Allium cepa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group L.) in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Uusitalo ◽  
Terhi Suojala-Ahlfors ◽  
Pirjo Kivijärvi ◽  
Timo Hurme
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Yield Responses

Finnish data on vegetable crops’ yield responses to phosphorus (P) applications are scarce, but P is usually applied in quantities that meet the crop demand with wide safety margins. We determined yield responses to P fertilisation of onion and cabbage at three sites in 3-year field trials. Only on a sandy loam with low P status did annual P applications give statistically significant yield increases, 7% and 20% over the P-unfertilised treatment for onion and cabbage, respectively. The maximum P rate allowed by national regulation for this soil is 80 kg ha-1, but P rates of 10–12 kg ha-1 were sufficient to produce 97% of the yield maxima. The results strongly suggest that the P demand of the studied vegetables is smaller than previously thought also in a boreal climate. Critical soil test P concentrations for vegetables should be established to avoid unnecessary build-up of soil P that may be uneconomical and elevate the risk for P losses to waterways. However, too few data exist for this at present.

Changes in chemical properties of 48 intensively grazed, rain-fed dairy paddocks on sandy soils over 11 years of liming in south-western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
W. K. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil testing was conducted during 1999–2009 to determine lime and fertiliser phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) requirements of intensively grazed, rain-fed, ryegrass dairy pastures in 48 paddocks on sand to sandy loam soils in the Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia. The study demonstrated that tissue testing was required in conjunction with soil testing to confirm decisions based on soil testing, and to assess management decisions for elements not covered by soil testing. Soil testing for pH was reliable for indicating paddocks requiring lime to ameliorate soil acidity, and to monitor progress of liming. Soil P testing proved reliable for indicating when P fertiliser applications were required, with no P being required when soil-test P was above the critical value for that soil, and when no P was applied, tissue testing indicated that P remained adequate for ryegrass production. Soil testing could not be used to determine paddocks requiring fertiliser K and S, because both elements can leach below the root-zone, with rainfall determining the extent of leaching and magnitude of the decrease in pasture production resulting from deficiency, which cannot be predicted. The solution is to apply fertiliser K and S each year, and use tissue testing to improve fertiliser K and S management. Research has shown that, for dairy and other grazing industries in the region, laboratories need measure and report every year soil pH and soil-test P only, together with measuring every 3–5 years the P-buffering index (estimating P sorption of soil), organic carbon content, and electrical conductivity.

Responsiveness of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to liquid and granular phosphorus fertilisers in southern Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. McBeath ◽  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
E. Lombi ◽  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
R. E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
P Application ◽  
Yield Responses

Recent field trials on alkaline soils in southern Australia showed significant grain yield responses to liquid compared with traditional granular forms of P fertiliser. However the advantages of liquid over granular P forms of fertiliser has not been consistent on all soil types. In order to better predict the soil types on which liquid P fertilisers are likely to have potential, a glasshouse trial was conducted to compare the responsiveness of wheat to both liquid and granular forms of P on a wide range of Australian soils. A granular P fertiliser (triple superphosphate) and 2 liquid fertilisers (phosphoric acid and ammonium polyphosphate) were compared at a rate equivalent to 12 kg P/ha in 29 soils representing many of the soil types used for grain production in Victoria and South Australia. Wheat biomass was enhanced by P application in 86% of the soils tested. In 62% of the P-responsive soils, wheat dry matter was significantly greater when liquid P fertilisers were used compared with the granular form. Chemical analysis of the soils tested showed that the better performance of liquid P forms was not correlated to total P concentration in soil, P buffer capacity, or P availability as measured by Colwell-P. However, there was a significant positive relationship between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of soil and wheat responsiveness to liquid P fertiliser.

scholarly journals 632 PB 490 FIELD TRIALS WITH COMPOSTED, PELLETIZED POULTRY LITTER APPLICATIONS IN SPINACH AND COLLARDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 523a-523
Author(s):  
Tina Gray Teague
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

On farm studies in 1994 with a composted, poultry litter (PPL) product, Organigro (Organigro Inc., Watts, OK), were conducted with fall spinach and collards in eastern Arkansas. In a small plot study with `Cascade' spinach grown on Dubbs fine sandy loam soil (pH 6.5 to 6.8) in a large commercial field receiving fertilizer inputs of 102-0-70 NPK + 29.5 S + 0.5 B, additions of as little as 280 kg PPL ha-1 significantly increased yield. In collard studies, effects of applications of PPL, NPK and a transplant water applied fertilizer solution were compared in a trial with transplanted `Blue Max grown in a silt loam soil (pH 5.8 to 6.2) that had been damaged from precision leveling. PPL applied at 560 kg ha resulted in significantly higher yields than plots receiving NPK (applied as 516 kg 13-13-13 ha-1) alone. Applications of a fertilizer solution containing secondary and micronutrients (Golden Harvest Plus, Smeller Chemical. Houston, TX) in transplant water (50 ml/plant solution containing .95 1 GH+/378 1 H2O) resulted in comparable yields as those treatments with PPL. These results indicate that shallow rooted vegetable crops such as spinach and collards grown in damaged soils or light textured soils with low organic matter can he improved with additions of poultry litter. The PPL product used in these studies is produced with a guaranteed analysis of 4-4-4 NPK, and because it has been composted, problems with weed seeds and pathogenic organisms have been eliminated The pelletized form of the product also, facilitates field application. These properties make this type product ideal for use in vegetable production systems, particularly where problems with secondary or micronutrients may he likely.

scholarly journals Fertiliser requirements of luceme cut for hay in northern Southland

1992 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
W.H. Risk ◽  
L.C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Current Standards

Three field trials were laid down, on established luceme (Medicago sativa L.) stands and continued for 2,3 or 4 years. On two sites fertilisers applied were potassium chloride (0 and 200 kg/ha) and single superphosphate (0,200.400 and 800 kg/ha), while on the third site potassium chloride (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha), sulphur (0,25,50 and 100 kg S/ha as gypsum) and phosphorus (0,18,36 and 72 kg P/ ha as monocalcium phosphate) were applied. Lucerne was harvested at the hay stage with 2 or 3 cuts per year. Consistent annual yield responses to 200 kg/ ha of potassium chloride application occurred at all sites. At the site where 100 kg/ha was applied it produced about 95% of maximum yield but nil K gave 8594% of maximum yield. Responses to superphosphate treatments were recorded at two sites with the major response considered to be due to phosphorus. 200 - 400 kg/ha of superphosphate was sufficient for near maximum response. Response to both phosphorus and sulphur occurred at site 3 with 18 kg/ha phosphorus and 25 kg/ha sulphur being sufficient for near maximum response. Results indicate that a soil P test of 13 and K test of 6 should support approximately 95% of maximum yield. Herbage P and S concentrations associated with near maximum yields were slightly higher than indicated in current standards for plant analysis interpretations, but K concentrations agreed with current standards. Maintenance fertiliser requirements derived from this trial series are similar to those predicted from AgResearch's fertiliser recommendation models. Keywords Medicago sativa, potassium, phosphorus, soil test, plant analyses, sulphur, fertiliser

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, AND MANURE FACTORIALLY APPLIED TO POTATOES IN A LONG-TERM STUDY

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. BLACK ◽  
R. P. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effects of N, P, K, and manure factorially applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields, starch content, and soil and tissue nutrient levels were evaluated on continuous plots over 12 yr in a 4-yr potato, grain, hay, hay rotation. Although yield responses were observed with N, P, and K applications, manure application substantially increased yields above yield levels due to applied N, P, and K. Increasing rates of KCl strongly depressed tuber starch contents. Soil test P and K levels increased with repeated fertility applications, and leaf tissue levels were increased with N, P, and K treatments.

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

scholarly journals Rekomendasi Pemupukan Fosfor dan Potasium berdasarkan Analisis Hara Tanah pada Tanaman Sayuran

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Lutfi Izhar ◽  
Anas D. Susila
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Low K

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Vegetables are important agricultural commodities. Productivity of vegetables in Indonesia is still low. One effort that can be done is an application of specific fertilizer recommendations. Fertilizer recommendation based on soil analysis is still rarely for vegetable crops and need further development. The purpose of this paper is to describe some fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis for vegetable crops. Three stages to consider in the assessment of the research such as soil incubation, correlation test, calibration test and fertilizer <br />recommendation statue. Application all this stages of soil method recommendation in Indonesia is still not widely applied. Two researches which were completed until the entire stage has been done for yard long beans and <br />tomatoes. Recommendations for tomatoes on Inceptisols soil type with very low nutrient status of soil K was 180 kg K2O ha- 1, a low K soil nutrient status was 131.4 kg K2O ha-1, soil K nutrient status was 82.2 kg K 2O ha-1. Yard <br />long bean that planted on Ultisol soil type with low soil P nutrient status was recommended by an application of 185.8 kg P2O5 ha-1, medium soil P nutrient status was added 174.9 kg P2O5 ha-1. Development of fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing to support agricultural development in Indonesia still has some problems and need some strategies for further research, application and dissemination in the future.</p><p>Key words: vegetables, soil test, fertilizer recommendation</p>

scholarly journals Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. UUSITALO ◽  
E. TURTOLA ◽  
J. GRÖNROOS
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Responses

Soil test phosphorus (P) concentration has a major influence on the dissolved P concentration in runoff from agricultural soils. Thus, trends in soil test P partly determine the development of pollution potential of agricultural activities. We reviewed the changes of soil test P and P balances in Finnish agriculture, and assessed the current setting of P loss potential after two Agri-Environmental Programs. Phosphorus balance of the Finnish agriculture has decreased from +35 kg ha–1 of the 1980’s to about +8 kg P ha–1 today. As a consequence, the 50-yr upward trend in soil test P concentrations has probably levelled out in the late 1990’s, as suggested by sampling of about 1600 fields and by a modelling exercise. For the majority of our agricultural soils, soil test P concentrations are currently at a level at which annual P fertilization is unlikely to give measurable yield responses. Soils that benefit from annual P applications are more often found in farms specialized in cereal production, whereas farms specialized in non-cereal plant production and animal production have higher soil test P concentrations. An imbalance in P cycling between plant (feed) and animal production is obvious, and regional imbalances are a result of concentration of animal farms in some parts of the country. A major concern in future will be the fate of manure P in those regions where animal production intensity is further increasing.;

scholarly journals Changes in the Content of Soil Phosphorus after its Application into Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Ivana Lampartová ◽  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
P Rate

The pot experiment was established in vegetation hall in the year 2015. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Two different soils – chernozem from Brno (with a low phosphorus content and alkali soil reaction – 7.37) and haplic luvisol from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (with a high phosphorus content and slightly acid soil reaction – 6.01) were used for comparison. The rates of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate (45 % P2O5) were increased from 0.3 – 0.6 – 1.2 g per pot (5 kg of soil – Mitscherlich pots). Nitrogen was applied in the form of CAN (27 % N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments incl. the control. Using statistical analysis, significant differences were found between the two soil types both in terms of the postharvest soil P content and yields of aboveground biomass. The content of post‑harvest soil phosphorus increased significantly with the applied rate (96 – 141 – 210 mg/kg in chernozem and 128 – 179 – 277 mg/kg in haplic luvisol). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass grown on chernozem were the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with P (38.97 g per pot) and increased significantly with the P rate applied (46.02 – 47.28 g per pot), although there were no significant differences among the fertilised treatments. On haplic luvisol phosphorus fertilisation was not seen at all, demonstrating that the weight of the biomass in all the treatments was balanced (48.12 – 49.63 g per pot).

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