scholarly journals First screening study of metal content in soil from a mixed waste receptacle

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaneel Chandra ◽  
Philomena Gangaiya ◽  
Culwick Togamana ◽  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Management Controls ◽  
Lead 210 ◽  
Lead Nickel

We report the first screening study for the metals copper, zinc, lead, nickel and cadmium in the Lami municipal disposal facility, in Suva, Fiji where virtually uncontrolled dumping has been carried out for over fifty years. Soil from three parts of the facility having had different degrees of usage was analysed for a range of heavy metals, and evaluated according to international guidelines. The results show copper (100–220 mg kg–1), lead (200–500 mg kg–1) and zinc (220–350 mg kg–1) concentrations exceeded commonly used eco-toxicity threshold values (copper, 160 mg kg–1; lead, 210 mg kg–1; and zinc, 220 mg kg–1). Moreover, there were indications that considerable leaching may have been occurring for long periods of time at the site. Overall, this study shows that even in areas with little industrialization, lack of adequate waste management controls can result in unusually high levels of contamination. The results raise concerns about the wellbeing of the communities living adjacent to the facility that depend on the adjacent marine environment for subsistence.

scholarly journals Study of heavy metal fractionation in the Lami municipal disposal facility, Fiji

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaneel Chandra ◽  
Philomena Gangaiya ◽  
Culwick Togamana ◽  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Heavy Metal Fractionation ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Management Controls

This work reports the first screening study of the bioavailability of heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead and nickel in the Lami municipal disposal facility, Suva, Fiji where virtually uncontrolled dumping had been carried out for over fifty years. The soil samples from three parts of the facility were collected and the potential for mobility into the surrounding marine environment was assessed according to international guidelines. The results showed high levels of Pb in Site A (109.0 mg kg–1) and that Zn was the predominant metal across Sites B and C with 550.7 mg kg–1 and 206.8 mg kg–1, respectively. Ni was present in the least amount with the highest value 8.7 mg kg–1. In addition, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded commonly used eco-toxicity threshold values. Moreover, there were indications that considerable leaching of the studied heavy metals may have been occurring for long periods of time at the sites. Overall, this study showed that even in areas with little industrialization, lack of adequate waste management controls could result in unusually high levels of heavy metals contamination of the soil. The results raise concerns about the wellbeing of the communities living adjacent to the Lami municipal disposal facility that depend on the adjacent marine environment for their subsistence.

A Comparative Study on the Capability of Tree Species in Urban Afforestation to Accumulate Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Samar Mortazavi ◽  
◽  
Masoud Hatamimanesh ◽  
Farzad Veysanlou ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Lead Nickel

Background: The present study investigated the concentrations of lead, nickel, copper, zinc, their toxicity potential, and their ecological hazard in surface soils of Hamedan City, Iran. Also, using the Bio-concentration Factor (BCF), concentration Comprehensive Bio-concentration Index (CBCI), and Metal Accumulation Index (MAI), was evaluated the ability of some tree and shrub species to absorb heavy metals in soil and air. Methods: Sampling of leaves of nine tree species and shrubs (plane, acacia, elm, willow, mulberry, ash, redbud, pine, and cypress) was performed in six stations. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples, the concentrations of heavy metals were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The trend of changes in soil heavy Mean±SD metal concentrations was in the order of nickel> zinc> copper> lead in the amounts of 61.41±11.34˃ 43.04±14.4˃ 42.87±8.36˃ 18.77±6.51 mg/kg. Evaluation of acute toxicity potential indicators and ecological risk of heavy metals indicated low soil pollution status. Findings of BCF, CBCI, and MAI ndices in the leaves of the species showed that the highest levels of BCF of heavy metals, i.e., zinc, copper, lead, and nickel, were in willow, elm, cypress, and pine species, respectively. Results show that heavy metal accumulation in different species. Conclusion: Depends on soil type, tree species, climatic conditions, type of pollutant source, species age, and other factors. In this study, elm and acacia have the highest ability to absorb heavy metals from soil and air.

COPPER ALLOY No. C31600

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Screw Machine ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Lead Nickel

Abstract Copper Alloy No. C31600 is a free-machining copper-zinc-lead-nickel alloy with moderate strength and good ductility. It has fairly good electrical conductivity and an attractive, rich-looking bronze color. Its many applications include screw-machine parts, architectural fabrications, electrical connectors and hardware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-399. Producer or source: Brass mills.

scholarly journals Contamination of Heavy Metals, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Wharf Roach Ligia spp. In Japanese Intertidal and Supratidal Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Masato Honda ◽  
Xuchun Qiu ◽  
Suzanne Lydia Undap ◽  
Takeshi Kimura ◽  
Tsuguhide Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Environmental Indicator ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Total Concentrations

We investigated the pollution levels of 6 heavy metals and 29 dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)) in intertidal and supratidal zones by using wharf roaches (Ligia spp.) collected from 12 sampling sites on the coast of Northeast Japan from November 2011 to June 2012. The total concentrations of heavy metals ranged from 177 to 377 µg/g-dry weight (dw), and the predominant metals were copper, zinc, and aluminum. The order of the detected level of heavy metals was zinc > aluminum > copper > cadmium > lead > chromium, and this trend was similar to a previous report. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) value of the PCDD/Fs ranged from less than the limit of detection (<LOD) to 2.33 pg-TEQ/g-dw, and the predominant congener was octachlorodibenzodioxin (<LOD to 110 pg/g-dw). Compared with PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs were detected at a predominantly higher level (total TEQ value: 0.64–27.79 pg-TEQ/g-dw). Detected levels of dioxins, especially DL-PCBs in the wharf roach, were like those in the bivalves. These results indicate that the wharf roach could reflect heavy metals and dioxin pollution in the supratidal zones and is a suitable environmental indicator for these environmental pollutants. This is the first study to investigate heavy metals, PCDD/Fs, and DL-PCBs pollution in coastal isopods in Japan.

Determination of Residual Heavy Metals in an Incinerator Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Woravith Chansuvarn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Digestion Technique ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Copper Zinc

Bottom ash is a part of by-product from the municipal solid waste power plants which is always a wider problem for the urban and rural communities due to its disposal plants may cause serious environmental pollution. This work was focused on the residual heavy metal in an incinerator bottom ash from the municipal waste power plant placed in Nongkham district, Bangkok. Four bottom ash samples were obtained in 2017. After drying and grounding, the bottom ash samples were prepared to clear solution with the microwave digestion technique using nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid under the heating program. The total residual heavy metals in the incinerator bottom ashes, such as lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) with deuterium background correction. The total concentration of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium were found in the range of 280.40-354.22mg kg-1, 365.35-524.45 mg kg-1, 1,527.25-2,074.34 mg kg-1, and 0.48-1.02 mg kg-1, respectively. The recovery of all metals was found in the range of 89.4-101.2% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was to be 2.15-3.55 % (n=7). The concentration of zinc, copper, and lead was found high levels, while cadmium was low concentration. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different chemical forms and phases. The sample preparation based on the microwave digestion was successfully developed for the waste samples with a good reliability.

scholarly journals Studi Penurunan Kadar Logam Besi (Fe) dan Logam Tembaga (Cu) pada Air Embung Menggunakan Adsorben Nanosilika

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo ◽  
Ika Sri Hardyanti ◽  
Isni Nurani ◽  
Dyan Septyaningsih Hardjono HP ◽  
Aden Dhana Rizkita
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Independent Variable

STUDI PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM BESI (Fe) DAN LOGAM TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA AIR EMBUNG MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN NANOSILIKAABSTRAKPolusi limbah logam berat dalam air merupakan satu permasalahan lingkungan yang penting. Dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dapat dilakukan purifikasi terhadap air tersebut. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk purifikasi limbah sangat beragam salah satunya adalah absorpsi. Secara umum metode absorpsi telah banyak digunakan dalam purifikasi air limbah. Metode absorpsi dapat menurunkan kadar logam yang terlarut pada limbah. cair dengan cara menyerap logam-logam tersebut ke dalam permukaan absorbennya. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah  untuk menurunkan konsentrasi logam besi (Fe) dan tembaga (Cu) menggunakan adsorben nanosilika. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel bebas yaitu waktu pengadukan (20 menit, 40 menit, dan 60 menit). Hasil akhir filtrat air embung kemudian diukur absorbansinya menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Berdasarkan hasil analisa menggunakan instrumen SSA diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak terjadi penurunan logam Fe maupun Cu. Dalam hal ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi dalam logam Fe maupun Cu, hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya waktu pengadukan dan pengaruh dari adsorben nanosilika.Kata Kunci: limbah, logam berat, nanosilika STUDY OF DECREASING METALS IRON (Fe) AND COPPER (Cu) ON EMBUNG WATER USE OF NANOSILICA ADSORBEN ABSTRACTHeavy waste pollution of heavy metals in the water is an important environment issue. To solve the problem, its can be purified the water. The methods that can be used for waste purification are very diverse, one of which is absorption. In general, the method of absorption has been widely used in wastewater purification. The absorption method can decrease dissolved metal content in the waste. liquid by absorbing the metals into the absorbent surface. Research has been conducted to reduce the concentration of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) by using nanosilica adsorbent. This research used to independent variable that is stirring time (20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes). The final result of filtrate embung water then measured its absorbance using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the result of the analysis using SSA instrument, it is found that there is no decrease of Fe and Cu metals. There are several reasons for those problem such as due to lack of stirring time and the influence of nanosilica adsorbent.Keywords: Waste pollution, heavy metal, nanosilica

scholarly journals Impact Imposed by Urbanization on Soil Heavy Metal Content of Lake Wetland and Evaluation of Ecological Risks in East Dongting Lake in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Kai Luo ◽  
Zilin Su ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract The urbanization is regarded as the major factor related to human activities that may interfere with the natural ecosystem. In this study, we have selected the wetland of East Dongting Lake as the research area. We have collected 180 soil samples (within the range of 0–20 cm, and 20cm-40cm), and we have measured the contents of their physicochemical properties (including salinity, pH value, soil particle composition, soil organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus) as well as heavy metal elements (including As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr). We have adopted the methods of multivariate statistical analysis and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, so as to to reveal the sources and distribution characteristics of heavy metal content in soil in the research area. By adopting the potential ecological risk index (PERI) method proposed by Hakanson, we intend to assess the PERI values of heavy metals. Our research findings have shown that: (1) 8 sorts of heavy metals have shown positive correlation with each other. As, Hg and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with SOC (P < 0.01); As, Ni, Cr and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with AP (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly positive correlation with Clay (P < 0.01); whereas Hg and Zn have shown a significantly negative correlation with Silt (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly negative correlation with Sand (P < 0.01). (2) During urbanization, the elements of Cd, Ni, As, Hg and Pb might be enriched due to agricultural and industrial activities, whereas the use of fertilizers and pesticides constitute one of the major factors contributing to the increase of Cd and Pb contents in soil. (3) Influenced by the varying land patterns and with exception to Cu, the Fe-normalized concentrations have shown significant variations among different types of land use (P < 0.05). Specifically, there is a significantly higher level of Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg contents in the agricultural land than other types of land use, whereas there is a slightly higher level of heavy metal content in the mudflats than that in the grassland. In addition, the content of heavy metals in woodland remains relatively stable, and with exception to As, the content of heavy metals in woodland is the lowest among the five types of land. (4) The average value of the comprehensive PERI in heavy metals amounts to 555.03, representing a strong degree of ecological risks. Specifically, the proportion of sampling points of Cd that have a high level of ecological risks amounts to 36.51%, which is the primary element contributing to heavy metal pollution in the region, especially in the agricultural land.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Characterization of Sludge from a Philippine Recycling Paper Mill

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Lorraine A. Carrillo ◽  
Susan M. Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Paper ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Maximum Allowable Content

Wastewater treatment sludge, which is the largest volume residual waste stream generated by the pulp and paper industry, is generally disposed of in a dedicated landfill. Composting the sludge is an alternative method proposed by the Asian Regional Research Program on Environmental Technology-De La Salle University (ARRPET-DLSU) Minor Issue Group. The Philippine Department of Agriculture's (DA) standards for an organic fertilizer's maximum allowable content of heavy metals provided the legislative regulation for the conversion of sludge to compost. The research was designed to characterize the sludge samples from TIPCO, a Philippine paper-recycling mill, and establish whether the sludge contained the heavy metals cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (MS). Sampling was done for four weeks during newsprint and white paper production. Three discharge terminals were established as sampling points. The samples showed that the metal content of the sludge vary from point to point and was highest throughout the manufacture of white paper. Chromium, mercury, and nickel, however, were nondetectable in all the samples, while cadmium was detectable only in very few samples. Lead and zinc were present at all three points and were highest at the de inking sludge. Comparing the results with Part 503 of the United States EPA and the DA's guidelines for organic fertilizers yield significantly lower parameter values. Composting the sludge was, therefore, found to be a feasible option for recycling paper-mill sludge since the metal content were very low compared to local and international standards.

scholarly journals The influence of soil microorganisms on heavy metal content in the substrate of waste rock dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Natalia Makeeva ◽  
Olga Neverova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Limits

The environmental effects of mining and its impact on natural resources are of a holistic nature. One of the modern methods employed for the remediation of technogenically disturbed soils is the application of microorganisms. This paper studies the impact made by soil microorganisms on the accumulation rate of heavy metals in the substrate of waste rock dumps in the process of soil reclamation. Suspensions of soil microorganisms (microorganisms utilising mineral nitrogen forms / MUMN; microorganisms decomposing silicates / MDS; microscopic fungi / MF) were applied to the rock dump surface. Separate groups as well as their combinations were applied. The heavy metal content analysis did not indicate a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentration limits (MACL) in the soil of the waste rock. The only metal whose content exceeded the maximum admissible concentration limits was nickel. It has found that the application of microorganisms influences the concentration of several heavy metals due to pH level changes of the rock dump soil.

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