Genesis of podzols on coastal dunes in southern Queensland. V. Chemistry and mineralogy of the non-opaque heavy mineral fraction

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Chittleborough ◽  
M. S. Tejan-Kella ◽  
R. W. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Proximate Source

Eight podzols on coastal dunes from the Cooloola chronosequence, and an associated pedon from North Stradbroke Island (Amity), were studied to establish (i) the degree of homogeneity of the parent material between and within profiles, (ii) the extent of heavy mineral weathering, and (iii) whether the parent sediments of each pedon had a common proximate source. The pedons are Quartzipsamments and Troporthods with ages ranging from Holocene to Pleistocene. On the basis of ratios zircon : rutile, zirconium : titanium, and non-magnetic : very magnetic heavy minerals in the fine sand fraction (53–125 µm), we concluded that the parent materials of the Cooloola pedons were mineralogically similar. By using zirconium in the non magnetic heavy mineral fraction as an index for zircon, it is evident that there has been considerable pedogenetic weathering of the heavy mineral fraction. There is a statistically insignificant difference in hafnium concentrations of zircons which implies that parent sediments of the soils at Cooloola and North Stradbroke Island were derived from a common immediate source.

MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME GREY WOODED SOILS DEVELOPED FROM GLACIAL TILL

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pawluk
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Exchange Acidity

Grey Wooded profiles representing five soil series developed on glacial till in Alberta were studied. The clay mineral fraction in these soils was found to contain montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and quartz. Authigenic chlorite and "mixed layer" structures were present in the soil sola. Examination of the fine sand fraction revealed the presence of quartz, potash-feldspars and soda-calcic feldspars in the light (sp. gr. < 2.70) mineral fraction with biotite, muscovite, chlorite and highly weathered amphiboles and pyroxenes comprising the intermediate (sp. gr. 2.70–2.96) mineral fraction. The heavy (sp. gr. > 2.96) mineral fraction contained primarily iron oxides, amphiboles, garnets and pyroxenes with a wide variety of other minerals in relatively low quantities.The mineralogical data presented suggest variations in weathering in the sola of the soils studied, despite their similar morphological features. Active and exchange acidity showed little relationship to the degree of mineral weathering. Weathering appeared to be more severe in horizons where acid conditions result from the presence of exchangeable hydrogen rather than where similar acid conditions result from exchangeable aluminium. The mineralogical study was found to be exceedingly valuable in distinguishing between morphologically similar materials of different lithology.

Studies in the geology and mineralogy of soils: II. Soils of South-East Scotland

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
The South ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
The Matrix

(1) The mineralogical composition of the fine sand fraction of certain soils from the south-east of Scotland is described.(2) The soils are shown to possess a fairly high content of silicate minerals in a comparatively fresh state.(3) The distribution and amount of potash, phosphate and lime-bearing minerals in the soils is discussed.(4) The soils can be grouped according to their mineral content and this grouping is found to depend on the geology of the parent material.(5) All the soils are formed on glacial drift and the results suggest that the local rocks have a preponderating influence on the composition of the matrix of the drift.

scholarly journals Research on the Presence Greyic Phaeozems in Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stănilă ◽  
Cătălin Cristian Simota ◽  
Mihail Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxides ◽  
Diagnostic Horizon ◽  
Clay Horizon

Areas under greyic phaeozems of Romania corresponding geographical areas as compared lithostratigraphic are made of clay and marly clay with frequent intercalations of sands and sandstones in a thick package, belonging Sarmatian, respectively, Volhinian and Basarabian, which directly influences the characteristics of the parent material of the soil.In this way, due to differences in altitude, these soils were formed and evolved deposits vary in granulometric composition, it is represented by loess, loess-like deposit, loam and loess, marly clay.Thus, we believe that the presence greyic phaeozems of our country in eastern, the genesis and evolution of the important role they have parental materials rich in fine sand fraction (31-41%). Specific these soils is the formation of humic acids and precipitate in place, under the influence of calcium ions, contributing to the development and the individualization of the horizon Am.Fulvic acids from the breakdown of litter cvercinee does not precipitate in the upper horizon, but migrate to the base, they favoring the migration is known as the iron and aluminum hydroxides and enriching the waste in the lower part of the quartz diagnostic horizon for greyic phaeozems, and a clay horizon B argic migrated upper horizon.

A STUDY OF THE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SAND IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol I. Dell
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Mineralogical Study

A mineralogical study of the fine sand fraction of unweathered tills and stratified sands chosen to represent the deposits of the major ice lobes of southern Ontario was carried out. In addition, a few analyses were made of the coarse silt and coarser sands.In general there was the same variety of minerals in all samples and they varied only in their proportions. Tills overlying Palaeozoic bedrock contained abundant carbonates and shale fragments constituting up to 70 per cent of some fine sands. In the coarse sands, carbonates and shale increased sharply. In the coarse silt and fine sand, feldspars were more abundant than quartz whereas in the medium and coarse sand the reverse was true. Quartz increased in quantity with increasing grain size and reached a maximum in the medium sand. Heavy minerals usually constituted less than 15 per cent of the fine sand. Some of the minerals present in the coarse silt and fine sand were not found in the coarser sands. Usually the order of abundance of the heavy minerals was: hornblende, garnet, micas, magnetite, pyroxenes and sphene. Epidote, rutile, apatite, tourmaline, staurolite, kyanite and others were also noted. A chart listing the plant nutrient elements found in these minerals was prepared.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SOILS FORMED ON LIMESTONES AND DOLOMITES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Markoski ◽  
Tatjana Mitkova ◽  
Kole Vasilevski ◽  
Zorica Tomić ◽  
Marjan Andreevski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Terra Rossa ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents results from the research of the influence of the parent material on the mechanical compo-sition of calcomelanosols, calcocambisols and terra rossa. The contents of the fine soil separates in the calcomelano-sols vary depending on the subtype. The physical sand fraction (coarse sand + fine sand) in the Amo horizon amounts 44.81% in the organomineral calcomelanosols, 40.13% in the organogenic and brownised calcomelanosols 36.52%. In the (B)rz horizon in the brownised calcomelanosols it amounts 32.64%. The content of clay + silt or physical clay in the Amo horizon amounts 55.19% in the organomineral calcomelanosols, 59.87% in the organogenic and the high-est content is in the brownised calcomelanosols 63.48%. The average value of this fraction in the horizon (B)rz in the brownised calcomelanosols amounts 67.36%. In the calcocambisols the average content of the fraction physical sand in the Amo horizon amounts 33.43%, and in the cambic horizon (B)rz 22.50%. In the terra rossa the fraction physical clay is represented with a greater percentage related to the physical sand fraction. In the Amo horizon, in the physical clay fraction, the clay fraction is predominant, average 43.08%, and 52.13% in the cambic horizon, and 24.90% in the Amo horizon and 19.37% in the (B)rz horizon for the silt fraction. From a research soils 36% of the soils are formed on massive limestone, 13% are formed on dolomitic limestone and bituminous marbles, 16% on plate (flat) limestone, 10% on dolomitic marbles and 12% on laminated (plate) dolomite and calcite.

scholarly journals Heavy–mineral assemblages from fluvial Pleniglacial deposits of the Piotrków Plateau and the Holy Cross Mountains – a comparative study

Geologos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Ludwikowska-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
River Valleys

Abstract The heavy-mineral assemblages of Pleniglacial fluvial sediments were analysed for two river valleys, viz. the Luciąża River (at Kłudzice Nowe) and the Belnianka River (at Słopiec). These sites, on the Piotrków Plateau and in the Holy Cross Mountains respectively, are located in different morphogenetic zones of Poland that were affected to different degrees by the Middle Polish ice sheets. The study was aimed at determining the kind of processes that modified the heavy-mineral assemblages in the two fluvial sediments, at reconstructing the conditions under which these processes took place, and in how far these processes caused changes in the assemblages. The heavy-mineral associations of the parent material was taken as a starting point; this parent material were the sediments left by the Odranian glaciation (Warta stadial = Late Saalian). It was found that heavy-mineral assemblages in the Luciąża valley deposits are varied, particularly if compared with other fluvioglacial Quaternary deposits from the Polish lowlands, with a dominance of garnet. In the fluvial deposits of the Belnianka valley, zircon, staurolite and tourmaline dominate, with minor amounts of amphibole, pyroxene, biotite and garnet. This suggests that the deposits were subject to intensive and/or persistent chemical weathering and underwent several sedimentation/erosion cycles under periglacial conditions. In both valleys chemical weathering and aeolian processes were the main factors that modified the assemblages of the transparent heavy minerals; these processes were largely controlled by the climatic changes during the Pleistocene.

Analyses minéralogiques multivariées de sédiments du Wisconsinien supérieur au sud-ouest du Yukon

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Dewez ◽  
Marie-Anne Geurts
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Granitic Batholith

For this study, 84 samples of glacial and juxtaglacial sediments were collected in valleys of the Ruby Range and Aishihik Basin (southwestern Yukon). Analyses were conducted to quantify the heavy minerals in the sand fraction and to assess the petrography of the gravel fraction. A cluster analysis performed on the heavy mineral results showed five groups of deposits, three of which are related to local glaciers inside the Ruby Range, the other two being related to regional ice lobes of Kluane and Aishihik, respectively. The three groups of local sediments correspond to the three lithologies of the Ruby Range, i.e., the granitic batholith, the schists, and the alaskite. The sediments from the regional ice lobes are characterized by highly diversified mineralogy and petrography and the relative abundance of minerals from the Saint Elias Mountains, the main source of the ice lobes. A correspondance factor analysis performed on the heavy mineral results organizes samples and minerals into a triangular cloud, the three vertices corresponding to biotite, carbonate, and titanite–garnet. These are the key elements of local glaciers, Kluane ice lobe, and Aishihik ice lobe, respectively. Finally, the study shows the extension of Kluane lobe in one valley of the Ruby Range, the ice flow pattern in another valley, as well as a transfluence from Kluane lobe inside the Range.

The mineralogical composition of some Scottish soils

1925 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hendrick ◽  
George Newlands
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Extensive Survey ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

1. Previous investigations showed that certain Scottish soils were of glacial drift origin, that they were comparatively rich in unweathered silicates and therefore in reserves of plant-food, that they showed considerable variation in such silicates and were capable of classification accordingly. Some indication was also shown that the glacial drift, and hence the resulting soil, was sometimes of local origin, its character being determined by the underlying rock. In the present investigation a more extensive survey of Scottish soils has been made in order to discover to what extent these preliminary findings might be applicable generally.2. For this purpose soils have been collected from various localities in the north, north-east, west and south of Scotland, and have been analysed mechanically and the “fine sand” fraction examined mineralogically.

Heavy minerals in stream sediments from Churchill Falls, Labrador—an aid in bedrock mapping

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
John Edward Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Fluvial Deposits ◽  
Geologic Map ◽  
High Concentrations

Stream sediments from a 13 000 km2 previously glaciated area in central Labrador near Churchill Falls were examined for their heavy mineral content. The minus 0.25 mm (60 mesh) nonmagnetic heavy mineral fraction from 846 stream sediment samples consists mainly of magnetite, ilmenite. garnet, hornblende, epidote and minor clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene. kyanite. sillimanite, biotite. apatite, and zircon. Changes in the frequency distribution of epidote, hornblende, garnet, and sillimanite in the stream sediments correspond well with those reported in previously mapped underlying bedrock lithologies. The occurrence of kyanite and sillimanite, high concentrations of garnet and opaques (mainly ilmenite), and lower concentrations of hornblende and epidote were used to determine grades of regional metamorphism, resulting in revision of the geologic map of this area. Heavy minerals in glacial drift or fluvial deposits may be useful as an aid in mapping in glaciated areas.

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