Research on the Presence Greyic Phaeozems in Romania

Areas under greyic phaeozems of Romania corresponding geographical areas as compared lithostratigraphic are made of clay and marly clay with frequent intercalations of sands and sandstones in a thick package, belonging Sarmatian, respectively, Volhinian and Basarabian, which directly influences the characteristics of the parent material of the soil.In this way, due to differences in altitude, these soils were formed and evolved deposits vary in granulometric composition, it is represented by loess, loess-like deposit, loam and loess, marly clay.Thus, we believe that the presence greyic phaeozems of our country in eastern, the genesis and evolution of the important role they have parental materials rich in fine sand fraction (31-41%). Specific these soils is the formation of humic acids and precipitate in place, under the influence of calcium ions, contributing to the development and the individualization of the horizon Am.Fulvic acids from the breakdown of litter cvercinee does not precipitate in the upper horizon, but migrate to the base, they favoring the migration is known as the iron and aluminum hydroxides and enriching the waste in the lower part of the quartz diagnostic horizon for greyic phaeozems, and a clay horizon B argic migrated upper horizon.

Remarks on the hydrogeological setting of S. Eufemia Lamezia plain through the development of the top surface of the intermediate confined aquifer (central Calabria)

The S. Eufemia Lamezia plain, located in central Calabria, is characterized by the presence of a multi-layered aquifer. In particular, it was studied the intermediate artesian aquifer, content in the Pliocene sands and sandstones. The collection of new lithostratigraphic data, related to drilling for water supplies, allowed to draw the map of the top of intermediate artesian aquifer underlying in the study area. The top surface of sands and sandstones map, presented here, seems to confirm the structural-geological data of the surface showing, also in depth, the conditioning of tectonics on the study area and on the groundwater flow. The analysis of the selected stratigraphic data shows that the studied aquifer is constituted by Pliocene deposits of sand and sandstones, confined to the top by Pliocene clay. Therefore locally hydraulic connections with the shallow aquifer for leackage phenomena are possible. The supply of the studied aquifer happens mainly for lateral recharge because the clay horizon that borders with the top of the aquifer prevents direct transfer of rainfall recharge. However, a reduced recharge rate is due to the meteoric recharge, which is possible in limited parts of the territory to the east of the study area and over. Therefore, this study aims to implement the knowledge of the groundwater flow of S. Eufemia plain by returning the top intermediate confined aquifer map which, is little studied but strongly exploited because, respect to the shallow aquifer, is more productive and more protected by potential contamination due to the presence of the aquiclude/aquitard which isolates it by the top.

The Lower Cambrian Wrekin Quartzite and the age of its unconformity on the Ercall Granophyre

Acritarchs of Lower Cambrian age have been recovered from a clay horizon within conglomerates 6 m above the unconformity described by Cope & Gibbons (1987). The Wrekin Quartzite (34 m thick) represents beach deposits grading upwards into shelf sandstones. The stratigraphie evidence and recent age determinations suggest that although the granophyre was intruded at 560 ± 1 Ma the Cambrian Unconformity is younger than 533 ± 13 Ma.

Results of geoelectrical soundings for mapping of a marine clay along the Tangkak-Pagoh highway Johor, Malaysia

Geoelectrical resistivity soundings conducted along the north-south expressway in the Tangkak-Pagoh area during its construction enabled the mapping of a marine clay which was present in alluvium. The apparent resistivity curves of the marine clay area, were characterised by low apparent resistivity values falling to almost zero, and a characteristic shape which was different from areas of weathered metasediments and weathered granite adjacent to this area. Apparent resistivities for both metasediments and granite were intermediate to high, with a distinct upward convex curve for metasediments and a flat upward convex curve for granite. Quantitative interpretation was able to distinguish between an upper and a lower clay horizon, which have differentconsistency and fine sand content. The thickness of the upper clay horizon, which varies between 8.0 m to 9.0 m according to borehole data showed good agreement with that obtained by resistivity soundings. The base of the lower clay horizon remained undetected by the resistivity soundings because of its very low specific resistivity. Using the thickness of weathered layers as observed along the road cuttings as a guide, good agreement between field data and calculated values was obtained in determining the specific resistivities and individual layer thicknesses for the granite and metasediment weathering profiles.