208 SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE AND EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN HOLSTEIN COWS FED DIETS ENRICHED IN OLEIC, LINOLEIC, OR α-LINOLENIC ACID

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
R. Salehi ◽  
M. G. Colazo ◽  
A. Behrouzi ◽  
A. Ruiz-Sanchez ◽  
M. Oba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Embryo Production

Early embryonic development is enhanced in Holstein cows fed diets enriched in linoleic and α-linolenic acids compared to those fed a diet enriched in stearic fatty acid (Thangavelu et al. 2007; Theriogenology 68, 949–957). A positive effect of oleic acid on oocyte competence in vitro has been reported (Aardema et al. 2011; Biol. Reprod. 85, 62–69), but the influence of oleic acid on early embryonic development has not been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of diets enriched in oleic, linoleic, or α-linolenic acid on superovulatory response and embryo production. Non-lactating Holstein cows were blocked by parity and bodyweight, and assigned to one of three diets supplemented with canola (CAN, n = 8; 62% oleic acid), sunflower (SUN, n = 7; 73% linoleic acid), or flax (FLX, n = 8; 57% α-linolenic acid). Cows were individually offered hay (9.4 kg) and concentrate mixture (4.1 kg) supplemented with one of the three rolled oilseeds (~8% of dietary dry matter). After a minimum of 21 days of diet adaptation, cows were given FSH (300 mg total dose, eight 12-hourly injections), artificially inseminated twice, 12 h apart, with semen of the same sire and ova/embryos recovered non-surgically 7.5 days post-insemination. Once started on a diet, cows continued to receive the same diet until the end of the experiment. Thirty-five collections (flushing) were performed (CAN: 12, SUN: 11 and FLX: 12) and data were analysed using the GENMOD procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA); results are presented as mean ± s.e. Number of corpora lutea (12.8 ± 2.6, 14.5 ± 1.2 and 13.1 ± 1.5), anovulated follicles (3.0 ± 1.4, 2.0 ± 1.1 and 2.6 ± 0.9), and total ova/embryos (7.5 ± 2.0, 8.6 ± 1.7 and 7.3 ± 1.2) did not differ (P > 0.05) for CAN, SUN, and FLX treatment, respectively. Cows fed SUN tended (P = 0.06) to produce more transferable embryos (6.1 ± 1.7) than those fed CAN (4.3 ± 1.5), but did not differ from those fed FLX (4.8 ± 1.3). There were fewer (P < 0.05) unfertilized ova in cows fed SUN (0.6 ± 0.5) than in those fed either CAN (1.3 ± 0.6) or FLX (1.8 ± 0.9). Conversely, cows fed FLX had fewer (P < 0.05) degenerated embryos (0.7 ± 0.4) compared to those fed either CAN (1.9 ± 0.6) or SUN (1.9 ± 0.5). The number of expanded blastocysts was greater (P < 0.05) in cows fed CAN (1.08 ± 0.57) than in those fed FLX (0.25 ± 0.25), but it was not different from those fed SUN (0.90 ± 0.36). In summary, the type of dietary fatty acid did not affect superovulatory response, but a diet enriched in oleic acid resulted in more expanded blastocysts, whereas a diet enriched in linoleic acid significantly reduced the number of unfertilized ova and numerically increased transferable embryos. The diet enriched in α-linolenic acid resulted in fewer degenerated embryos. This study was supported by Alberta Meat and Livestock Agency, Alberta Milk, and Alberta Innovates-BioSolutions.

255 EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF DIETARY FATTY ACID (α-LINOLENIC ACID OR LINOLEIC ACID) ON THE NUMBER AND THE QUALITY OF OOCYTES COLLECTED BY OVUM PICKUP AND ON IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION BY DAIRY HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ponter ◽  
J. Arnault ◽  
C. Joly ◽  
K. Guelou ◽  
G. Valy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions

A supplement of dietary fat can improve oocyte quality in ruminants. However, to our knowledge, the effect of the type dietary fat (differing in fatty acid profile) on oocyte and embryo production has never been reported in cattle. Therefore, in this study the effect of the type of fat supplement on the number and quality of oocytes collected by ovum pickup (OPU) and on the production of embryos was investigated in Holstein heifers. The experiment was conducted over 2 years: year 1: 8 heifers, and year 2: 10 heifers (16 to 20 months old, body weight 368 � 8.2 kg and BCS 2.3 � 0.1). Heifers were given a diet of hay (67% DM) and a concentrate (33% DM). The concentrate (130 g fat/kg DM) was formulated with either extruded linseeds (L, rich in α-linolenic acid (ω-3 fatty acid),n = 9) or extruded soybeans (S, rich in linoleic acid (ω-6 fatty acid), n = 9). Oocytes were collected by OPU for 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) and their morphological quality was assessed (Q1, excellent; Q2, good; Q3, fair; and Q4, low). The oocytes from one session/week were frozen and those from the other session were used to produce embryos (in vitro maturation and fertilization). Embryo quality was judged following IETS criteria (EQ1, excellent; EQ2, good; EQ3, fair; and EQ4, low). Blood samples were collected weekly throughout the experiment for the analysis of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea. Statistical analysis was performed on the growth rate, BCS, hormone, metabolite, and fatty acid data and on the oocyte and embryo data using Split plot ANOVA. Growth rate was not affected by diet (S, 0.93 � 0.21 kg d-1 vs. L, 0.90 � 0.21 kg d-1), and there was no effect of dietary treatment on plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. However, treatment L increased the proportion of α-linolenic acid (P &lt; 0.0001), and treatment S increased the proportion of linoleic acid (P &lt; 0.0001) in the plasma. Neither the oocyte characteristics (number of oocytes collected, 5.3 � 1.0 vs. 5.7 � 1.0; their quality: Q1, 1.1 � 0.3 vs. 1.0 � 0.3; Q2, 1.8 � 0.3 vs. 1.6 � 0.3; Q3, 1.4 � 0.4 vs. 2.1 � 0.4; and Q4, 1.0 � 0.2 vs. 1.1 � 0.2; and oocytes inseminated, 4.4 � 0.8 vs. 5.1 � 0.8, and cleaved, 3.4 � 0.7 vs. 3.5 � 0.7 per heifer per session; L vs. S, respectively) nor the embryo characteristics (number of embryos, 1.1 � 0.3 vs. 0.9 � 0.3; their quality: EQ1, 0.4 � 0.1 vs. 0.3 � 0.1; EQ2, 0.4 � 0.1 vs. 0.3 � 0.1; EQ3, 0.2 � 0.1 vs. 0.3 � 0.1; and EQ4, 0.04 � 0.03 vs. 0.05 � 0.03 per heifer per session; L vs. S, respectively) were affected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, the type of fatty acid (ω-3 vs. ω-6) does not modify significantly the numbers of oocytes and embryos produced by OPU and their quality in dairy eifers.

scholarly journals (174) Determination of Fatty Acid Composition in 120 Korean Native Rice Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082D-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Shim Cho ◽  
Hyun-Ju Kim ◽  
Jae-Ho Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kang ◽  
Young-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Fatty acid is known as a physiologically active compound, and its composition in rice may affect human health in countries where rice is the major diet. The fatty acid composition in brown rice of 120 Korean native cultivars was determined by one-step extraction/methylation method and GC. The average composition of 9 detectable fatty acids in tested rice cultivars were as followings: myristic acid; 0.6%, palmitic acid; 21.2%, stearic acid; 1.8%, oleic acid; 36.5%, linoleic acid; 36.3%, linolenic acid; 1.7%, arachidic acid; 0.5%, behenic acid; 0.4%, and lignoceric acid; 0.9%. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid, which composed around 94%. The rice cultivar with the highest linolenic acid was cv. Jonajo (2.1%), and cvs. Pochoenjangmebye and Sandudo showed the highest composition of palmitic (23.4%) and oleic acid (44.8%), respectively. Cultivar Pochuenjangmebye exhitibed the highest composition of saturated fatty acid (28.1%), while cvs. Sandudo and Modo showed the highest mono-unsaturated (44.8%) and poly-unsaturated (42.4%) fatty acid composition, respectively. The oleic acid showed negative correlation with palmitic and linoleic acid, while positive correlation between behenic and lignoceric acids was observed.

scholarly journals Stereospecific distribution of plamitic acid in the triacylglycerols of rat adipocytes. Effects of varying the composition of the substrate fatty acid in vitro

1980 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Christie ◽  
Margaret L. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Rat Adipocytes

The effects of inclusion of different fatty acids in the medium on the rate of esterification of palmitic acid and its stereospecific distribution among the three positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols by preparations of rat adipocytes in vitro have been determined. Myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as diluents and the concentration of the combined unesterified fatty acids in the medium was held constant; only the proportion of palmitic acid was varied. The amount of palmitic acid esterified was always linearly related to its relative concentration in the medium and was not significantly affected by the nature of the diluent fatty acid chosen. Constant relative proportions were recovered in triacylglycerols and in intermediates in each instance. The amount of palmitic acid esterified to each of the positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols was linearly dependent on the relative proportion in the medium but the nature of the relationship was markedly influenced by which fatty acid was present. When stearic acid was present, simple relationships were found over the whole range tested. When either myristic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, abrupt changes in the manner of esterification of palmitic acid were observed in position sn-1 when the relative concentrations of palmitic acid and the diluent reached critical values, which differed with each fatty acid. In position sn-2 when oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, a similar change was observed, and in position sn-3 it was obtained with myristic acid as diluent. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the relative affinities of the acyltransferases for palmitic acid. Palmitic acid was esterified into various molecular species in proportions that indicated acylation with non-correlative specificity at higher relative concentrations but not at lower.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding linseed on the fatty acid composition of milk

2013 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Ágnes Süli ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Éva Vargáné Visi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids

In the last decades many researches were made to change the animal product food’s composition. The production of better fat-compound milk and dairy products became a goal in the name of health conscious nutrition. These researches were motivated by the non adequate milk fat’s fatty acid composition. There have been made researches in order to modify the milk’s fatty acids’ composition to reach the expectations of functional foods. With the optimal supplement of the feed can be increased the proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and can decreased the saturated fatty acids. Row fat content of milk was not decreasing in the course of examination neither of the cold extruded linseed nor the whole linseed supplement as opposed to observations experienced by other authors. In case of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids when supplementing with cold extruded linseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid. In case of saturated fatty acids the quantity of palmitic acid and myristic acid lowered considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many fatty acids from the milkfat of saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers as well. The producing of milk with favourable fatty acid content from human health point of view can give scope propagate the products of animal origin.  

scholarly journals Changes in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayakrishnan Prabakaran ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Lee ◽  
Yeonju An ◽  
Chang Kwon ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Flour

Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of raw soybean flour—oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid—decreased by 30.0%, 94.4%, and 97.7%, and 38.0%, 94.8%, and 98.0% when stored in polyethylene and polypropylene film, respectively, after 48 weeks of storage under high-temperature conditions. These values were later increased due to hydrolysis. This study presents the changes in composition and content of two soybean flour types and the changes in quality and stability of fatty acids in response to storage temperature and duration. This study shows the influence of storage conditions and temperature on the nutritional quality which is least affected by packing material.

scholarly journals Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The effect of different dietary fatty acids on the growth and fatty acid composition of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
J. M. Owen ◽  
J. W. Adron ◽  
C. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Weight Gains

1. Five groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) which had been given a diet free of fat for 12 weeks were given diets in which the lipid component (g/kg) was: oleic acid alone 50, oleic acid 40+linoleic acid 10, oleic acid 40+linolenic acid 10, oleic acid 40+arachidonic acid 10 or oleic acid 40+cod-liver oil 10. These five experimental diets were given for 16 weeks.2. Weight gains were highest in the group given the diet containing cod-liver oil and lowest in the groups given diets containing oleic acid alone or oleic acid+linoleic acid. Weight gains in the groups given oleic acid+arachidonic acid or linolenic acid were markedly inferior to those of the group given oleic acid+cod-liver oil. It is concluded that arachidonic acid is inferior to polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω3 series in maintaining growth rate in turbot.3. Fatty acid analyses of neutral lipids and phospholipids of liver and extrahepatic tissues did not suggest any evidence of desaturation of dietary oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid by the turbot. These experiments confirm previous isotopic evidence that turbot lack the necessary microsomal desaturases to perform this metabolic transformation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Quantitative and Qualitative Alterations in the Fatty Acid Contents of the Sebum of Patients with Inflammatory Acne during Treatment with Systemic Lymecycline and/or Oral Fatty Acid Supplementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Costa ◽  
Aline Siqueira Talarico ◽  
Carla de Oliveira Parra Duarte ◽  
Caroline Silva Pereira ◽  
Ellem Tatiani de Souza Weimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Oral Supplementation

Background. Acne is a dermatosis that involves an altered sebum pattern.Objectives. (1) To evaluate if a treatment based on antibiotics (lymecycline) can alter fatty acids contents of the sebum of patients with acne; (2) to evaluate if oral supplementation of fatty acids can interfere with fatty acids contents of the sebum of patients with acne; (3) to evaluate if there is any interaction in fatty acids contents of the sebum of patients with acne when they use both antibiotics and oral supplementation of fatty acids.Methods. Forty-five male volunteers with inflammatory acne vulgaris were treated with 300 mg of lymecycline per day, with 540 mg ofγ-linolenic acid, 1,200 mg of linoleic acid, and 510 mg of oleic acid per day, or with both regimens for 90 days. Every 30 days, a sample of sebum from the forehead was collected for fatty acids’ chromatographic analysis.Results. Twelve fatty acids studied exhibited some kind of pattern changes during the study: C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1n9c+C18:1n9t, C18:2n6t, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:1, C22:0, and C24:0.Conclusions. The daily administration of lymecycline and/or specific fatty acids may slightly influence some fatty acids levels present in the sebum of patients with inflammatory acne vulgaris.

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE COMPOSITION OF RED TILAPIA REARED IN FRESHWATER AND BRACKISHWATER

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi ◽  
Priadi Setyawan ◽  
Evi Tahapari ◽  
Adam Robisalmi ◽  
Nunuk Listiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Nutritive Composition

The aim of this research was to investigate the nutritive composition (especially fatty acids) in red tilapia that was reared in freshwater and brackishwater. The fatty acid contents were determined by gas chromatography. The fatty acids profile were -3 (linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA, docosahexaenoic acid/DHA), -6 (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid/AA), and -9 (oleic acid). Red tilapia samples were obtained from Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Sukamandi, West Java (freshwater ponds) and Congot, Yogyakarta (brackishwater ponds; salinity 20 ppt). In this research, red tilapia reared in different ecosystems showed different fatty acid profiles. Red tilapia inhabiting brackishwater ecosystem has EPA (0.26±0.05%), DHA (3.42±0.26%), and linoleic acid (17.20±0.56%) content higher than freshwater ecosystem (EPA = 0%; DHA = 0.67±0.44%; linoleic acid = 9.08±4.76%), except for linolenic acid (0.30±0.15% vs 0.25±0.10%), arachidonic acid (0.77±0.39% vs 0.93±0.13%) and oleic acid (38.67±2.58% vs 37.44±0.74%). The ratio of -6/-3 in red tilapia inhabiting freshwater ecosystem was about 11/1. The culture tilapia in brackishwater ecosystem decrease -6/-3 ratio (4.5:1). So that for human health, it will be better to consume brackishwater red tilapia than freshwater red tilapia.

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