235 FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING ESTRADIOL PLUS PROGESTERONE AT A GROWING OR A STATIC PHASE OF THE DOMINANT FOLLICLE IN CIDR-TREATED, LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
U. H. Kim ◽  
G. H. Suh ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Static Phase

Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB), compared to GnRH, in a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed AI protocol induced relatively asynchronous follicular wave emergence, resulting in ovulation of smaller ovulating follicles (Kim et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 260-268). In this study, we compared new follicular wave emergence and development following treatment with EB (2 mg) plus progesterone (50 mg) at a growing (Day 3 after ovulation) or a static (Day 8) phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows. Previously synchronized, lactating dairy cows received CIDRs (InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand; Day 0) 3 days after ovulation and were assigned to two treatment groups and a control group. Cows in the T1 group (n = 11) received 2 mg EB (SY Esrone; Samyang, Seoul, Korea) and 50 mg P4 (SY Ovaron; Samyang) i.m., and those in the control group (n = 10) received no treatment at that time. Other previously synchronized cows received a CIDR (Day 0) with injections of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 i.m. 8 days after ovulation (T2 group, n = 10). Thereafter, all cows received PGF2� (Lutalyse; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium) at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7, and GnRH (Conceral; Dongbang Co., Seoul, Korea) on Day 9. Ovaries of each cow were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea) every 24 h from Days 0 to 9, on Day 11, and on Day 14 of treatment to observe changes in ovarian structures (follicles and corpora lutea (CL)). Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and ANOVA using an SAS program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Follicular wave emergence occurred within 7 days in 3/10 of the control group, 9/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P < 0.05). The interval to wave emergence did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups (3.7 � 1.2, 4.8 � 0.5, 5.9 � 0.3 days, respectively). While the diameters of dominant follicles on Day 0 were greater (P < 0.01) in the T2 group (14.3 � 1.2 mm) than in the control (9.4 � 0.6 mm) and T1 (10.5 � 0.7 mm) group, diameters of preovulatory follicles on Day 9 were significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the T1 (13.6 � 0.7 mm) and T2 (12.3 � 0.5 mm) groups than in the control group (16.4 � 0.8 mm). Synchronized ovulation by 40 h after the GnRH injection (Day 11) occurred in 10/10 of the control group, 10/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, administration of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 at both a growing and a static phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave results in synchronous follicular wave emergence and development and also synchronized ovulation in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows.

19 EFFECTS OF ESTRADIOL OR GnRH ON FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE AND PREGNANCY RATES FOR A CIDR-BASED TIMED AI PROTOCOL IN REPEAT BREEDER DAIRY COWS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
G. H. Suh ◽  
U. H. Kim ◽  
T. Y. Hur ◽  
S. J. Kang ◽  
K. S. Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Repeat breeding of a high yielding cow causes enormous economic loss to the dairy producers. In this study, we examined the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) or GnRH on follicular wave emergence and follicular development, and on pregnancy rates for a CIDR-based timed AI (TAI) protocol in repeat breeder dairy cows. Repeat breeder cows received a CIDR device (InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand), with an injection of 1 mg EB (SY Esrone�; Samyang, Seoul, Korea) plus 50 mg progesterone (P4; SY Ovaron�; Samyang) (EB + P4 group, n = 36) or with an injection of 250 �g Gonadorelin (GnRH, Fertagyl�; Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands) (GnRH group, n = 35) at the beginning of the experiment (Day 0). On Day 7, CIDR devices were removed and all cows received PGF2� (Lutalyse�; Pharmacia &amp; Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium). Thereafter, cows in the EB + P4 group received an injection of 1 mg EB on Day 8, and TAI 30 h later; those in the GnRH group received an injection of 250 �g GnRH on Day 9, and TAI 19 h later. In a subset of cows for both groups (15 cows from each group), the ovaries of the cows were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co., Seoul, Korea) every 24 h from Days 0 to 8, on Day 10, and on Day 13 for the EB + P4 group, and every 24 h from Days 0 to 9, on Day 11, and on Day 14 for the GnRH group, to observe changes in ovarian structures (follicles and corpora lutea). Pregnancy was diagnosed 35 to 60 days after TAI, using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Data were analyzed using Fisher&apos;s exact, Student&apos;s t-, and chi-square tests. Follicular wave emergence occurred within 7 days in 12/15 EB + P4-treated and 13/15 GnRH-treated cows (P &gt; 0.05). The mean diameters of preovulatory follicles were smaller (P &lt; 0.05) in the EB + P4 group (12.1 � 0.1 mm) than in the GnRH group (13.8 � 0.1 mm). However, the proportion of cows with synchronized ovulation and pregnancy rates to TAI did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between the EB + P4 (11/15 and 19.4%, respectively) and the GnRH (13/15 and 34.3%, respectively) groups. In conclusion, treatment with either EB or GnRH for a CIDR-based TAI protocol in repeat breeder dairy cows results in synchronous follicular wave emergence, follicular development, and ovulation, and thus similar pregnancy rates to TAI.

scholarly journals The Effects of Administering Estradiol Benzoate Plus Progesterone During the Growth or Static Phases of the Dominant Follicle in CIDR-Treated Lactating Dairy Cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ui-Hyung KIM ◽  
Guk-Hyun SUH ◽  
Tai-Young HUR ◽  
Seog-Jin KANG ◽  
Hyun-Gu KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

scholarly journals 17 COMPARISON OF FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE AND FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING ESTRADIOL BENZOATE PLUS PROGESTERONE OR GnRH AT THE FIRST FOLLICULAR WAVE IN A CIDR-TREATED, LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
U.H. Kim ◽  
G.H. Suh ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Treatment with GnRH in a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed AI protocol induced synchronized follicular wave emergence, a large ovulatory follicle, and synchronous ovulation following a second injection of GnRH, while follicular wave emergence was relatively asynchronous in the estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated cows resulting in ovulation of smaller ovulatory follicles (Kim et al. 2004 Theriogenology, in press). In this study, we compared new follicular wave emergence and follicular development following treatment with EB plus progesterone (P4) or GnRH at the first follicular wave in CIDR-treated, lactating Holstein cows. Previously synchronized, lactating Holstein cows (n = 20) received a CIDR (CIDR™, InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand, Day 0) 3 to 8 days after ovulation and were randomly assigned to two treatments: cows in the GnRH group (n = 10) received 100 μg fertirelin acetate i.m. (GnRH, Conceral, Dongbang Co., Seoul, Korea) and those in the E/P group (n = 10) received 2 mg EB (SY Esrone, Samyang, Seoul, Korea) and 50 mg P4 i.m. (SY Ovaron, Samyang, Seoul, Korea) at that time. Thereafter, all animals received PGF2α (Lutalyse, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium) at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7, and GnRH on Day 9. Ovaries of each cow were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 5.0 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) every 24 h from Days 0 to 9, on Day 11, and on Day 14 of treatment to observe changes in ovarian structures (follicles and CL). Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test and Student's t-test using an SAS program. Follicular wave emergence occurred within 7 days in 9/10 GnRH- and 8/10 E/P-treated cows (P > 0.05). The interval to wave emergence was longer (P < 0.01) in the E/P group (5.9 ± 0.5 days) than in the GnRH group (2.9 ± 0.4 days). While diameters of dominant follicles on Day 0 were not different (P > 0.05) between groups, diameters on Day 7 and Day 9 in the E/P group (9.4 ± 0.4 and 13.1 ± 0.7 mm, respectively) were significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than those in the GnRH group (12.9 ± 0.5 and 15.8 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). Growth rates of preovulatory follicles in the E/P group (2.1 ± 0.2 mm/day) were greater (P < 0.01) than in the GnRH group (1.2 ± 0.1 mm/day), while the duration of dominance of the preovulatory follicle was longer (P < 0.01) in the GnRH group (6.3 ± 0.4 days) than in the E/P group (3.3 ± 0.5 days). Synchronized ovulation by 40 h after the GnRH injection (Day 11) occurred in 10/10 GnRH- and 9/10 E/P-treated cows (P > 0.05). Results suggest that estradiol benzoate plus progesterone administered at the first follicular wave in CIDR-treated, lactating Holstein cows delays new follicular wave emergence, resulting in ovulation of smaller ovulatory follicles than GnRH. Endocrine changes during treatment and fertility following timed AI has been investigated in this study.

363 EFFECT OF OESTRADIOL VALERATE OR BENZOATE ON INDUCTION OF A NEW FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE IN BOS INDICUS COWS AND HEIFERS TREATED WITH NORGESTOMET AURICULAR IMPLANT

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. de Sa Filho ◽  
E. L. Reis ◽  
H. Ayres ◽  
L. U. Gimenes ◽  
A. A. C. Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Animal Category

Estradiol given during progestin-treatment promotes emergence of a new follicular wave in cattle. The interval from estradiol treatment to follicular wave emergence is dependent on the estradiol preparation, the dose, and possibly the animal category (cows or heifers). Therefore, this experiment aimed to compare the effects of either estradiol benzoate (EB) or estradiol valerate (EV) on the synchrony of ovarian follicular wave emergence in Bos indicus (Nelore) heifers and cows treated with a Norgestomet implant (Crestar�; Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands; factorial 3 � 2 design). Lactating cows (n = 30; 70-90 days postpartum) and cycling heifers (n = 29) were homogeneously assigned, according to the presence of corpora lutea, to six experimental groups (G2EB, G2.5EV, and G5EV for each animal category). At random stages of the estrous cycle (Day 0), the females received an auricular implant and were assigned to receive 2 mg of EB (Farmavet, S�o Paulo, Brazil; 10 cows and 10 heifers; G2EB), 2.5 mg of EV plus 1.5 mg of Norgestomet (10 cows and 10 heifers; G2.5EV; half of a recommended dose), or 5 mg of EV plus 3 mg of Norgestomet (10 cows and 10 heifers; G5EV, full recommended dose) i.m. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed once daily from Day 0 to confirm the follicular dominance (new growing dominant follicle >8 mm in diameter). The day of wave emergence was retrospectively defined as the day when the dominant follicle was first detected at a diameter of 3 mm. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of treatments (G2EB, G2.5EV, and G5EV), category (cows and heifers), and the treatments-by-category interaction on the interval from beginning of the treatment to wave emergence. The LSD was used to locate differences among groups and the Bartlett's test revealed heterogeneity of variance. Statistical analysis was conducted by SAS for Windows (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). There was a significant effect of treatment and category (P < 0.001), but there were no treatments-by-category interactions (P > 0.05). A new follicular wave was induced in all animals after treatment with EB or EV. The heifers given G2EB (2.50 � 0.19a; 2 to 3x days) had a reduced (P < 0.01) and least variable interval (P < 0.05) than those given G2.5EV (4.20 � 0.27b; 3 to 6xy days) or G5EV (6.10 � 0.57c; 3 to 8y days). The cows given G5EV (4.00 � 0.52b; 2 to 6y days) had the longest (P = 0.05) and more variable interval (P < 0.001) than those given G2EB (2.50 � 0.22a; 2 to 4x days), but were similar to those given G2.5EV (3.10 � 0.41ab; 2 to 6xy days). The effect of EB was similar in heifers and cows (P > 0.05); however, the EV or 2.5EV promoted a longer emergence wave interval in the heifers than in the cows (P < 0.05). Analyzing the main effects, cows and heifers given G2EB (2.50 � 0.15a; 2 to 4x days) had a smaller and less variable interval than those given G2.5EV (3.65 � 0.27b; 2 to 6y) or G5EV (5.05 � 0.44c; 2 to 8z). In conclusion, the EV treatment, in both doses (5 or 2.5 mg), resulted in a delayed and more variable interval to emergence of a new follicular wave than 2 mg of EB in Bos indicus cows and heifers treated with a Norgestomet auricular implant. This work was supported by Intervet, Brazil.

The efficacy of feeding a live probiotic yeast, Yea-Sacc®, on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tristant ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe following trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding Yea-Sacc® (YS; Alltech Inc, USA), a zootechnical feed additive based on a live probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to lactating dairy cows over a 12 week period. Sixty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, grouped to give similar range of parity, physiological and milk production stages, were selected for the study. Cows were equally allocated to either a control feed group or a diet supplemented with YS (32 cows per treatment). The test diet was formulated to include YS (Yea-Sacc® Farm Pak) incorporated in the total mixed ration (TMR), supplying a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg feed dry matter (DM). This target dose delivered 1 × 109 CFU/cow/day, for a cow consuming 20 kg feed (DM basis) daily. Each cow was considered a replicate unit. Cows were fed a nutritionally adequate total TMR plus hay and a supplementary protein/energy concentrate (calculated according to milk yield) for 12 weeks, supplied once a day after the morning milking. Weigh backs of feed were recorded daily, with refusals being maintained at 3% of the total intake. During the 12 week study period, YS had significant beneficial effects on milk production (+0.8 kg/day; P = 0.003), energy corrected milk production (+1.4 kg/day; P < 0.0001), synthesis of milk protein (+36 g/day; P = 0.001), milk protein content (+0.3 g/kg; P = 0.009), and milk urea content (−0.09 mg/l; P = 0.004). The synthesis of milk fat was similar between treatments but milk fat content was lower for the YS group compared to the control group (−1.1 g/kg; P = 0.0002). Lactose content was always higher (+0.8 g/kg; P < 0.0001) for the YS group, indicating enhanced energy utilisation. In general, the effect of YS was higher during the first study period (one to seven weeks), when cows were in early lactation and the production potential was higher. YS cows produced significantly more milk during the study, and an additional 220 kg milk per cow was sold from this group from the output measured from the beginning of the study to two weeks post-trial. However, the statistical analysis including the post-study period did not show a significant effect. The 305-day simulated milk production was higher for the YS group (+400 kg/cow) but again the difference was not significant. In conclusion, YS at a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg DM improved milk production and milk quality in healthy dairy cows. In addition, when the data were included in a whole-farm model, feeding YS reduced methane emissions by 4%, reduced the number of animals required for the desired milk production by 4% and increased overall farm margins by 1.4%.

scholarly journals Reduced progesterone concentration during growth of the first follicular wave affects embryo quality but has no effect on embryo survival post transfer in lactating dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A Rivera ◽  
Luís G D Mendonça ◽  
Gláucio Lopes ◽  
José E P Santos ◽  
Rolando V Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Donor Cows

Fertility of lactating dairy cows is associated with reduced progesterone (P4) concentration compared with nonlactating animals. The objective of the current study was to determine whether P4 during growth of the first follicular wave (FFW) affects embryo quality. Lactating Holstein cows at 33±3 days post partum were allocated to one of three treatments. Cows in the FFW and FFW with P4 (FFWP) treatments started the superstimulation protocol on day 1 of the estrous cycle and second follicular wave (SFW) cows started the superstimulation protocol on estrous cycle day 7. Cows were superstimulated with 400 mg of NIH-FSH-P1 (FSH) given twice daily for 5 days, two prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injections given with the ninth and tenth injections of FSH, GNRH given 48 h after the first PGF2α injection, and timed insemination 12 and 24 h after the GNRH injection. Cows in the FFWP treatment received two intravaginal P4 inserts during the superstimulation. Embryos were recovered 6.5 days after artificial insemination and excellent/good and fair embryos were frozen and transferred. Blood was sampled daily from estrous cycle day 0 until insemination from donor cows. During the superstimulation protocol, P4 was (P<0.01) greatest for SFW cows followed by FFWP and FFW cows respectively. The percentage of embryos–oocytes from SFW and FFWP cows classified as excellent/good and fair embryos was (P=0.02) greater than those of FFW cows. Pregnancy per embryo transfer was not (P≥0.73) affected by embryo donor treatment. Reduced embryo quality of cows induced to ovulate the follicles from the first follicular wave is a consequence of reduced P4 during follicle growth.

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