scholarly journals 162 EMBRYO QUALITY AND COLOR IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN HEIFERS AND COWS IN RELATION TO SERUM PARAMETERS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
J.L.M.R. Leroy ◽  
L. Goossens ◽  
A. Geldhof ◽  
T. Vanholder ◽  
S. De Vliegher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Student’S T

Bovine embryo freezability is closely linked with quality and differs between breeds (Visintin JA et al. 2002 Theriogenology 57, 345–359). Dark embryos have a poor cryotolerance resulting in low pregnancy rates (Hill BR and Kuehner LF 1998 Theriogenology 49, 168), and are characterized by excessive accumulation of lipid droplets which in turn may be influenced by the biochemical composition of the embryonic environment. Earlier work revealed that Holstein Friesian (HF) cows yield significantly darker embryos compared to Belgian Blue beef cows (Leroy JLMR et al. 2004 Reprod. Fert. Dev. 16, 211). In this field examine we aimed to study the differences in embryo quality and color between HF cows (producing milk) and heifers (non-producing) in relation to four serum parameters that have previously been linked with embryo quality and fertility: urea, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). Blood samples were collected from HF cows (n = 54) and HF heifers (n = 33) prior to embryo flushing on Day 7 after superovulation and subsequent insemination. Serum was stored frozen until assay with commercial photometric assays. Embryos were scored individually by the same operator for quality (excellent to poor: score 1 to 4) and color: light (L), medium (M), or dark (D) using a binocular stereomicroscope (40×). Independent Student's t-test and chi-square test were used when appropriate. Heifers and cows yielded on average (± SEM) 5.1 ± 0.82 and 6.1 ± 0.71 embryos per flushing, respectively. Significantly more cow embryos were classified as dark compared to heifer embryos (L, M, D: 20.4%, 55.5% and 24.1% vs. 70.8%, 27.4%, and 1.8%, for cow and heifer embryos, respectively) (P < 0.05). Significantly more heifer embryos showed an excellent morphological quality (62.5% of heifer embryos compared to 13.1% of cow embryos) (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations (± SEM) of urea (4.5 ± 0.2 vs. 2.8 ± 0.2 mM), TP (7.59 ± 0.07 vs. 6.57 ± 0.09 g/dL) and TC (183 ± 5.3 vs. 105 ± 3.8 mg/dL) were significantly higher and serum concentrations of TG (17.2 ± 0.6 vs. 23.8 ± 0.9 mg/dL) significantly lower in cows compared to heifers (P < 0.05). In this study, embryo color (i.e. lipid content) and quality as well as urea, TP, TC, and TG serum concentrations were clearly influenced by the production parameter (cow = producing vs. heifer = non-producing). These findings imply that producing milk (parity = 0 or >0) may be an important confounder. Therefore, this variable should be taken into account when studying multiple variables influencing embryo quality or color simultaneously. Further analyses are ongoing to reveal which factors at the cow level are affecting the embryo quality and color. This research was funded by IWT-Flanders (Grant no. 13236).

scholarly journals 178EMBRYO QUALITY AND COLOR IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN AND BELGIAN BLUE CATTLE IN RELATION TO DONOR BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L.M.R. Leroy ◽  
L. Goossens ◽  
A. Geldhof ◽  
T. Vanholder ◽  
G. Opsomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Serum Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Bovine embryo freezability is closely linked with quality and differs between cow breeds (Visintin JA et al., 2002 Theriogenology 57, 345–359). Dark embryos have a bad freezability, resulting in low pregnancy rates (Hill BR and Kuehner LF, 1998 Theriogenology 49, 168). Excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in dark embryos is suggested to be the cause of this inferior embryo quality and in turn may be influenced by the biochemical composition of the embryonic environment. In a field trial we studied the relationship between donor breed (Holstein Friesian dairy cows v. Belgian Blue beef cows), donor serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, embryo quality and embryo color. The preliminary results are presented. Blood was drawn from Holstein Friesian (HF) (n=74) and Belgian Blue cows (BB) (n=55) prior to embryo flushing on Day 7 after superovulation and subsequent insemination. Serum was analyzed for total cholesterol and triglycerides using commercial photometric assays. Embryos were scored individually by the same operator for quality (excellent to bad: score 1 to 4) and for color: light (L), medium (M) or dark (D) using a binocular stereomicroscope (40X). Student’s t-test, chi-square test and Spearman correlations were used when appropriate. Holstein Friesian cows yielded significantly more embryos (±SEM) per flushing than did BB (6.0±0.59 v. 4.2±0.44) (P&lt;0.05). However, significantly more HF embryos were classified as dark compared to the BB embryos (L, M, D: 39.4%, 43.8% and 16.8% v. 80.5%, 19.5% and 0% of the HF and BB embryos, respectively) (P&lt;0.05). Significantly more BB embryos showed an excellent morphological quality (55.0% of BB embryos compared to 28.4% of HF embryos) (P&lt;0.05). The serum concentrations (±SEM) of total cholesterol (148±5.9mgdL−1 v. 106±4.1mgdL−1) were significantly higher and the serum concentrations of triglycerides (19.6±0.71mgdL−1 v. 28.4±3.34mgdL−1) were significantly lower in HF compared to BB (P&lt;0.05). Within the HF breed, there was a significant positive correlation between donor blood total cholesterol and the color of each embryo (r=0.545) and a negative correlation between serum triglycerides and embryo color (r=−0.484) (P&lt;0.05). In our study, embryo quality and color as well as serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations are clearly influenced by donor breed. Within the HF breed, darker embryos originate from donors with higher serum total cholesterol and lower serum triglyceride levels. These preliminary data suggest that factors influencing total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the donor blood (e.g. breed, milk yield, nutrition) may influence embryo color and thus embryo lipid content, freezability and subsequent pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-Group, Trial on the Effects of Melatonin on Fatigue Associated with Breast Cancer and Its Adjuvant Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542098834
Author(s):  
Abdolazim Sedighi Pashaki ◽  
Kamal Mohammadian ◽  
Saeid Afshar ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Gholami ◽  
Abbas Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Severe Fatigue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brief Fatigue Inventory ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Objective: Fatigue associated with malignant conditions and their treatments is a disabling condition. This trial assessed the anti-fatigue effects of melatonin coadministration during adjuvant treatment of patients with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: Patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive melatonin or placebo during adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thirty-seven patients were randomly enrolled in each group. The mean ages of patients in the intervention and control groups were 50.47 ± 10.79 and 46.05 ± 10.55 years, respectively ( P = .223). The intervention group received oral melatonin (18 mg/day) from 1 week before until 1 month after the adjuvant radiotherapy. The level of fatigue was assessed before and after intervention using Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) in both groups. To analyze data, the Student’s t-test and the Chi-square test were used at a significance level of P ≤ .05. Results: The BFI score was similar before the intervention in both groups, however, after the intervention, it was significantly lower in the melatonin group ( P < .001). Moreover, the frequency of severe fatigue in the melatonin group was significantly lower than in the placebo group after intervention (42.1% vs 83.3%, P < .001). Conclusion: Coadministration of melatonin during adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy of women with breast cancer decreased the levels of fatigue associated with the malignant condition and its treatments.

scholarly journals Addition of sucrose on cryoprotectant solution of vitrification enhances the quality of Dorper sheep embryos produced in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4257
Author(s):  
Alane Pains Oliveira do Monte ◽  
João Bosco Loiola Filho ◽  
Thais Thatiane Dos Santos Souza ◽  
Mayara De Souza Miranda ◽  
Lívia Correia Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mass Occurrence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Vitrification Solution ◽  
Cryoprotectant Solution ◽  
Pellucid Zone

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adding sucrose in vitrification solution of ovine embryos produced <em>in vivo</em>. Forty Dorper ewes were selected and superovulated. Immediately prior to the embryo collection by laparotomy, a laparoscopy was performed to verify the superovulatory response. The recovered flushing was followed by embryo evaluation and embryos were divided in two experimental groups where embryos from Control group were submitted to a traditional vitrification protocol and embryos from Sucrose group to a modified vitrification protocol with sucrose. After warming, embryos were again divided regarding cryoprotectant removal (Indirect) or not (Direct). The embryo quality was classified as embryos of degrees I (excellent or good), II (regular), III (poor) and IV (dead or degenerate). It was also verified the homogeneity of mass, occurrence of embryonic mass retraction and rupture of pellucid zone. The results were expressed as percentages and were subjected to Chi-square test with P &lt; 0.05. The embryos vitrified in the presence of sucrose had lower proportions of lower-quality embryos after warming (22.20 vs. 44.50%), higher percentages of homogeneous embryos after warming (63.89 vs. 38.89 %) while concerning other parameters there was no difference between these groups. It can be concluded that the addition of 0.4 M sucrose during vitrification improves the embryo quality.</p>

scholarly journals Calving sub-season and reproductive efficiency of beef cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2182-2186
Author(s):  
Cristiane Reinher ◽  
Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽  
Vanessa Peripolli ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

It was evaluated in this work the effect of calving sub-season on the pregnancy rate of 7,726 multiparous Hereford beef cows grazing on natural pastures in southern Brazil, from 1994 to 2007. Calving sub-season periods were divided in 20-day intervals from August 12th to 31st; from September 1st to 20th; from September 21st to October 10th; from October 11th to 31st; from November 1st to 20th. Calving in each sub-season and pregnancy rate (PR) were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Overall means of each sub-season were 92.7% (from August 12th to 31st), 90.6% (from September 1st to 20th), 82.1% (from September 21st to October 10th), 77.7% (from October 11th to 31st), and 70.6% (from November 1st to 20th). Calving sub-season significantly influenced pregnancy rate. Cows which calved in the initial sub-season showed higher pregnancy rates than cows which calved from the fourth calving sub-season. However this difference did not occur in 1999 and in 2007 since calving rates did not statistically differ among the five sub-seasons. In 1998 and 2004, calving rates were lower and the effects of calving sub-season on pregnancy rates were higher, possibly due to climate variations. In general, pregnancy rate decreases as calving occurs later in the year, particularly in years when the weather adversely affects pasture growth.

scholarly journals Frequency of dementia among elderly admitted to a Geriatrics Inpatients Sector of a Brazilian public hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Thomazi ◽  
Liciana Vaz de Arruda Silveira ◽  
Paulo José Fortes Villas Boas ◽  
Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Elderly Inpatients ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT Patients with dementia are commonly admitted to inpatient sectors. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of dementia among elderly inpatients admitted to the Geriatrics Sector of a Brazilian Tertiary University Hospital, and to identify associations between dementia and clinical and sociodemographic factors. Methods: All patients admitted to the Geriatrics Sector of a public Brazilian university-hospital from March 1st 2014 to January 31st 2015 were assessed by geriatricians. The patients were divided into groups "with or without diagnosis of dementia". Univariate analysis was performed between these two groups using the Chi-Square Test, Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: One hundred and three elderly inpatients, with a mean age of 82 (±7.9) years, were assessed. Overall, 74.7% had low educational level (<4 years), 66% used polypharmacy, 57.2% developed delirium during hospitalization and 59% were totally dependent for basic activities of daily living. The diagnosis of dementia was observed in 59 (57%) subjects. Conclusion: The frequency of dementia was high among the elderly inpatients evaluated. The association between dementia and certain clinical conditions, such as incontinence, delirium and use of psychoactive drugs, was in line with the medical literature.

scholarly journals Effect of ondansetron on spinal induced hypotension in caesarean deliveries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Pujan Balla ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Ninadini Shrestha ◽  
Navindra Bista ◽  
Moda Nath Marhatta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique of anesthesia employed for caesarean sections. However, it is very often complicated by hypotension. Different drugs and techniques have been used to prevent the hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia. In this study, the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia was evaluated. Objectives: To determine the effect of prophylactic ondansetron on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methodology: Eighty-six parturients planned for elective caesarean deliveries were randomized into two groups of 43 each. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg (4 ml) and Group S received Normal Saline (4 ml) intravenously 10 minutes prior to spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, phenylephrine requirements, occurrence of nausea and vomiting and APGAR scores of neonates were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for intergroup comparison and ANOVA was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. For all determinants, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Occurrence of hypotension in Group O (20.9 %) was significantly lower than in Group S (72.1%) (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Group O at 2, 6, 8, 12 and 14 minutes (p < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine (37.21 mcg vs. 146.51 mcg, p < 0.05) and occurrence of nausea (11.6%, vs. 41.9% p < 0.002) was significantly lower in ondansetron group. Conclusion: Ondansetron is effective in preventing spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean sections.

scholarly journals Fishery regulamentation or ethnoknowledge? The dilemma of the management of the mapará fisheries on the lower Tocantins river in northern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e131101118963
Author(s):  
Esther Mirian Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Allison Costa da Mata ◽  
Matheus dos Santos Souza ◽  
Maria Clara Pinheiro de Souza ◽  
Victoria Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tocantins River ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The fishery of mapará (Hypophthalmus marginatus) is of great economic importance in the Amazon region. Despite this, it is observed that the current norms of management disagree with the ethnoknowledge of fishermen of the Tocantins river. Therefore, there are many seizures and fines in the Tocantins Low region. This work appeared as a demand of the fishermen of the region and had as purpose to test the pertinence of the fishing legislation on the capture of the species and to provide subsidies for the adaptation of the norms to the local reality. For this, a mapará fishery was taken on the Pindobal Grande river, in the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, in the state of Pará. A sample of the captured individuals was collected, and identification, sexing and biometry were done. Fishing was described, and the sex ratio tested with the Chi-Square test and the mean length differences between the sexes with the Student's t-test. The results were compared with current legislation and literature data. The captured mapará individuals were mostly above 30 cm, as determined by legislation. It is concluded that, despite using a network that is prohibited, the capture of the species in the region acts selectively, due to the ethno-cognition and the fisherman's action ("taleiro"). Therefore, it is necessary that the legislation be revised, seeking the reconciliation between the conservation of ecosystems, the traditional knowledge and the socioeconomic development of the region.

scholarly journals Sports potential modeling of young basketball players: a preliminary analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson Borges Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Jeferson Macedo Vianna ◽  
André de Assis Lauria ◽  
Emerson Filipino Coelho ◽  
Francisco Zacaron Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Adult Stature

Abstract The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the sports potential of young basketball players; 2) to identify variables that discriminate sports potential assessed by coaches; 3) to verifythe relationship between classification of the multidimensional profile of athletes and classification of the sports potential by coaches. Sixty-two young basketball players aged 15.6±1.1 years from U-15 (n = 24) and U-17 (n = 38) categories participated in the study. A test battery was applied to evaluate sports potential indicators: 1) anthropometric; 2) physicomotor; 3) psychological;4) skills;5) socio-environmental;6) maturational and 7) sports potential.Clusteranalysis was performed in three groups: high, medium and low potential. Student’s t-test was used for the comparison between athletes evaluated by the coach as excellent and the others and the Chi-Square test to verify the relationship between sports potential classifications. It was observed that in the high-potential group, athletes were chronologically older, with higher % predicted adult height (PMS), competitive and determined sports orientation, higher body size, lower skinfold summation, and greater physicomotor performance. In comparison with other athletes, high-potential basketball players presented higher stature, wider wingspan,longer limb length, greater predicted adult stature and higher Z score of the % PMS. It could be concluded that the multidimensional approach was useful for the evaluation of the sports potential of young basketball players, requiring the use of multidimensional variables, in addition to coaches’ opinion regarding the potential of their athletes.

Single Level ACCF Combining Single Level Stand-alone ACDF in Treating Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Jingxuan Chen ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Shengyuan Zhou ◽  
Xiongsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Postoperative Dysphagia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Objective Single level ACCF combining single level ACDF (AcA) is an ideal way to treat CSM with multiple consecutive cervical intervertebral disc herniation alongside with severe bony narrowing of the spinal canal in between. AcA with the stand-alone technics on the ACDF level and a shorter titanium plate that only covers the ACCF levels (AcAsa) may possess potential advantages than conventional AcA. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of AcAsa procedure. Methods 379 patients with CSM who had conventional AcA or AcAsa were retrospectively reviewed. Related patients factors, disease factors and treatment factors were acquired and subjected into student’s t test, chi-square test and survive analyses. Results Preoperative and postoperative JOA Scores in AcAsa: p<0.001. Preoperative and postoperative VAS Scores in AcAsa: p<0.001. 12months improvement of JOA Score between preoperative VAS Score≥2 and <2 in AcAsa: p=0.002. The amount of intraoperative blood loss between AcAsa and conventional AcA: p=0.011. Incidence of postoperative dysphagia between AcAsa and conventional AcA: p=0.038. Conclusion AcAsa significantly improve patients’ JOA Scores and reduce VAS Scores. Compared with conventional AcA, AcAsa leads to smaller amount of intraoperative blood loss and lower incidence of postoperative dysphagia. The alleviations of neurological symptoms, cervical motions and disc space heights at the ACDF levels are similar between the two types of surgeries. And patients with preoperative VAS less than 2 may benefit more from an AcAsa procedure.

CIP4 Expression is Associated With The Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqian Zhang ◽  
Tianqi Mao ◽  
Zhicheng He ◽  
Xiaojiao Wu ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Lymphatic Invasion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to detect the expression of Cdc42 interacting protein 4 (CIP4) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and explore the role of CIP4 in prognosis of CRC patients.Methods: The expression of CIP4 mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-CPR) and compared by student’s t-test between groups. Relationships of clinical characteristics and CIP4 expression were analyzed by Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the overall survival of CRC patients. And Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the prognostic biomarkers for CRC patients.Results: The qRT-PCR results showed that CRC tissues were detected with significantly high CIP4 mRNA expression compared with adjacent normal controls (P<0.0001). The overexpression of CIP4 in CRC tissues was influenced by distant metastasis (P=0.021), lymphatic invasion (P=0.012) and TNM stage (P=0.006). But, other clinical factors including age, gender, differentiation and tumor site were proved to have no obvious effects on CIP4 expression (all, P>0.05). The survival curves showed that patients with high CIP4 expression generally lived shorter than those with low CIP4 expression (P<0.001). In addition, the multivariate analysis revealed that differentiation (P=0.044, HR=1.631, 95%CI=1.013-2.626) and CIP4 expression (P=0.000, HR=5.283, 95%CI=3.138-8.893) were of great prognostic significance for CRC patients.Conclusion: Taken together, up-regulation of CIP4 in CRC tissues represented poor prognosis for patients.

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