Salt Resistance and Adaptation to Root-Zone Hypoxia in Sunflower

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Kriedemann ◽  
R Sands
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Root Aerenchyma ◽  
Reciprocal Transfer

Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) were grown in temperature controlled (20-21°C) nutrient solutions under greenhouse conditions for up to 50 days. Root-zone oxygen status was varied by either continuous aeration or periodic gassing with nitrogen to simulate root response to anaerobiosis under flood irrigation. Salt treatments (up to 200 mM final concentration in culture solution) were imposed either during sustained aeration v. hypoxia, or else initiated at the time of reciprocal transfer between those two levels of oxygenation. Continuously aerated v. hypoxic cultures served for comparison. Salt tolerance threshold, and especially Na+ ion exclusion, was lowered by hypoxia, while selectivity for K+ over Na+ ions also diminished. Such plants showed partially reversible decline in laminar expansion with reduction in aeration status and, due to a much reduced root : shoot ratio, were prone to wilting. Adaptive responses to hypoxic culture solution, viz. minor osmotic adjustment within laminar tissues plus formation of root aerenchyma tissue external to an endodermal layer, appeared to confer improved salt tolerance when salinization coincided with lowered oxygenation. Time lag, between decline in root-zone O2 status, and onset of plant response, would limit relevance of this adaptation for improved salt resistance in cropping situations to periods of low transpirational demand.

Grain yields from spring-sown Canadian wheats grown in saline rooting media

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Steppuhn ◽  
K. G. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Rooting Media ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Tolerance Testing ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Farmers seek information about the salt tolerances of wheat. Two greenhouse tests conducted at the Swift Current Salt Tolerance Testing Laboratory determined the response of four spring-sown Canadian wheat cultivars (Katepwa, Biggar, Fielder and Kyle) to increasingly saline rooting media. The first test followed the United States Salinity Laboratory procedure of increasing root-zone salinity gradually after plant emergence, and the second provided full complements of salts before seeding. The plants were grown in sand tanks irrigated four times daily with hydroponic solutions containing salt concentrations of up to 14 dS m−1 equivalent electrical conductivity for saturated soil paste extracts (ECe) Grain yield and plant height began to decline within all cultivars at equivalent ECe-values ranging between 0.5 and 2.5 dS m−1. At 4 dS m−1, grain production dropped to 80% or less of that produced in non-saline rooting media. Kyle and Fielder plants showed slightly more salt tolerance than those of Katepwa or Biggar (i.e., moderately sensitive rather than sensitive). Gradually adding the salts after plant emergence resulted in a tendency for greater salt-tolerance estimates than obtained by subjecting the plants to the full complement of salts at seeding. At the concentrations tested, the salinity affected the number of fertile spikes per plant more than it affected the number of plants reaching harvest. Key words: Salt tolerance, salt resistance, salinity, crop growth modelling, crop response

scholarly journals Impact of gamma irradiation pretreatment on biochemical and molecular responses of potato growing under salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhamahmy Ali Mohamed ◽  
Elsadany Osama ◽  
Eid Manal ◽  
Abdelazeem Samah ◽  
Gerish Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Potato Genotype ◽  
Potato Callus ◽  
Primer Sequence ◽  
Significant Increment

Abstract Background Previous literatures revealed that gamma rays have an increasing effect on salt tolerance in different plants. In vitro experiment was conducted to study the effect of gamma rays (20 Gray) on salt tolerance of four potato cultivars (Lady Rosetta, Diamante, Gold, and Santana). Results Gamma-treated Santana plantlets were more tolerant to salinity as compared to other cultivars. It showed a significant increment of fresh weight (250% over the untreated). Gamma-treated plantlets of Lady Rosetta, Diamante, and Gold showed higher activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Isoenzymes analysis showed an absence of POD 3, 4, and 5 in Gold plantlets. The dye of most PODs and PPOs bands were denser (more active) in gamma-treated plantlets of Santana as compared to other cultivars. Both gamma-treated and untreated plantlets showed the absence of PPO1 in Lady Rosetta and Diamante, and PPO 3, 4, and 5 in Gold plantlets. Genetic marker analysis using ISSR with six different primers showed obvious unique negative and positive bands with different base pairs in mutant plantlets as compared to the control, according to primer sequence and potato genotype. The 14A primer was an efficient genetic marker between mutated and unmutated potato genotypes. Santana had a unique fingerprint in the 1430-pb site, which can be a selectable marker for the cultivar. An increment in genetic distance between Gold cultivar and others proved that the mutation was induced because of gamma rays. Conclusion We assume that irradiation of potato callus by 20-Gy gamma rays is an effective process for inducing salt resistance. However, this finding should be verified under field conditions. Graphic Abstract

Early signalling processes in roots play a crucial role in the differential salt tolerance in contrasting Chenopodium quinoa accessions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bazihizina ◽  
Federico Vita ◽  
Raffaella Balestrini ◽  
Claudia Kiferle ◽  
Stefania Caparrotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Bladder Cell ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Root Plasma Membrane

Abstract Significant variation in epidermal bladder cell (EBC) density and salt tolerance (ST) exists amongst quinoa accessions, suggesting that salt sequestration in EBCs is not the only mechanism conferring ST in this halophyte. In order to reveal other traits that may operate in tandem with salt sequestration in EBCs and whether these additional tolerance mechanisms acted mainly at the root or shoot level, two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) accessions with contrasting ST and EBC densities (Q30, low ST with high EBC density versus Q68, with high ST and low EBC density) were studied. The results indicate that responses in roots, rather than in shoots, contributed to the greater ST in the accession with low EBC density. In particular, the tolerant accession had improved root plasma membrane integrity and K+ retention in the mature root zone in response to salt. Furthermore, superior ST in the tolerant Q68 was associated with faster and root-specific H2O2 accumulation and reactive oxygen species-induced K+ and Ca2+ fluxes in the root apex within 30 min after NaCl application. This was found to be associated with the constitutive up-regulation of the membrane-localized receptor kinases regulatory protein FERONIA in the tolerant accession. Taken together, this study shows that differential root signalling events upon salt exposure are essential for the halophytic quinoa; the failure to do this limits quinoa adaptation to salinity, independently of salt sequestration in EBCs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽  
Md Sabibul Haque ◽  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

scholarly journals Melatonin Application Improves Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Cen ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Huayue Liu ◽  
Danyang Tian ◽  
Yunwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated forage grass. The productivity and forage quality of alfalfa are severely affected by salt stress. Melatonin is a bioactive molecule with versatile physiological functions and plays important roles in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Melatonin has been proven efficient in improving alfalfa drought and waterlogging tolerance in recent studies. In our reports, we applied melatonin exogenously to explore the effects of melatonin on alfalfa growth and salt resistance. The results demonstrated that melatonin application promoted alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, and reduced oxidative damage under salt stress. Further application research found that melatonin alleviated salt injury in alfalfa plants under salt stress. The electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and H2O2 content were significantly reduced, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were increased with melatonin pretreatment compared to control plants under salt stress with the upregulation of genes related to melatonin and antioxidant enzymes biosynthesis. Melatonin was also involved in reducing Na+ accumulation in alfalfa plants. Our study indicates that melatonin plays a primary role as an antioxidant in scavenging H2O2 and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes to improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa plants.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Hydrophobic-Associating Polymer with Ultra-High Salt Resistance Using Synergistic Effect

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jincheng Mao ◽  
Jinzhou Zhao ◽  
Xiaojiang Yang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Micellar Polymerization ◽  
Associating Polymer

Polymer, SRP-2-1, was synthesized by micellar polymerization and characterized by 1H NMR. Salt tolerance and viscoelasticity tests verified that the salt resistance of SRP-2-1 was promoted by the synergistic effects of oxyethylene groups, sulfonate, and hydrophobic chains. It is suggested that the structure of SRP-2-1 became more compact with increasing salinity. Furthermore, a mechanism is proposed as to why SRP-2-1 solution has excellent salt-resistance properties. The experimental results indicate that, because of the good shear resistance properties, the polymer SRP-2-1 could be used as an alternative in many fields, for instance in fracturing fluids, enhanced oil recovery, and sewage treatment.

Selecting for salt tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens): chloride ion exclusion and its heritability

1997 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. ROGERS ◽  
C. L. NOBLE ◽  
G. M. HALLORAN ◽  
M. E. NICOLAS
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Exclusion

Salt Resistance of Protoplasm as a Test for the Salt Tolerance of Agricultural Plants 1

1959 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertraud I. Repp ◽  
DeVere R. McAllister ◽  
Herman H. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Plants
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