Acute Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium, and zinc to Larvae of the Crab Paragrapus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), and Implications for Water Quality Criteria

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah ◽  
GH Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

Acute toxicity tests were carried out on the larvae of P. quadridentatus and 96-h LC50 values of 0.17, 0.49, and 1.23 mg/l were determined for copper, cadmium, and zinc respectively. Potency ratios of the three metals were as follows: Cu/Cd 3.1, Cu/Zn 7.2, and Cd/Zn 2.4. Larvae were found to be nine times more sensitive to zinc and at least 29 times more sensitive to cadmium than were adults. The larval 96-h LC50 values multiplied by an application factor of 0.01 (as recommended in Victorian water quality criteria) results in derived 'safe' concentrations, which in the case of copper and zinc are below the stated 'minimal risk concentrations' of 10 and 20 �g/I respectively. In view of the known greater sensitivity of larvae of many taxa to heavy metal toxicity, the validity of using the same application factor for both adult and larval stages is questioned.

Acute toxicity of chromium, mercury, molybdenum and nickel to the amphipod Allorchestes compressa

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

In acute toxicity tests on A. compressa, the 96-h LC50 values for mercury, chromium, nickel and molybdenum were: respectively, 0.08, 5.56,34.68 and 247.12 mg I-1. The results suggest that mercury has the most toxic effect on A. compressa, followed by chromium, nickel and molybdenum. The applicability of acute toxicity tests in establishing water-quality criteria is discussed.

Problems in determining water quality criteria for freshwater fisheries

1972 ◽  
Vol 180 (1061) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Lethal Level ◽  
Population Information ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
The Common

Accurate water quality criteria are essential if fisheries are to be protected without unnecessary restrictions being imposed on the discharge of industrial and domestic effluents. There is a considerable literature on the effects of pollutants on fish, but even for the common poisons it is difficult to establish more than tentative criteria from the published data. Acute toxicity tests can be used to measure the effect of chemical and physical variables on the toxicity of poisons and on the resistance of fish to them. Results from sublethal tests can give an insight into the mechanism of toxic action and experiments should be designed to show the level of no adverse effect. Field observations can provide valuable information on the levels of pollutants at which fisheries are unaffected and, in some cases, the graded effect of increased pollution on the deterioration of a fish population. Information from all three sources are required for the preparation of water quality criteria, which should not be based on a single concentration, or ratio of a lethal level, but should indicate, where possible, the range of concentration within which fisheries show a progressive deterioration.

Acute Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium and Zinc to Three Species of Marine Copepod

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH Arnott ◽  
M Ahsanullah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Paracalanus Parvus ◽  
Marine Copepods

Acute toxicity tests were carried out with three metals on the marine copepods Scutellidium sp., Paracalanus parvus and Acartia simplex. The resulting 24-h LC50 values showed that copper was the most toxic metal, with cadmium more toxic than zinc for two of the three species. Scutellidium sp. was more sensitive than P. parvus and A. simplex to all metals, LC50 values being 0.18, 0.66 and 1.09 mg/l for copper, cadmium and zinc respectively. No consistent trend in relative sensitivity was apparent for the other two species. The results were in general agreement with those for other marine copepods given by other workers. Some experimental problems in conducting toxicity tests with copepods are indicated. Application of the present LC50 data to existing water quality criteria produced unrealistic 'safe' concentrations in the case of copper. Such a finding illustrates the arbitrary nature of application factors and questions the usefulness of acute toxicity tests as the major tool for environmental protection.

Fish toxicity testing with selenomethionine spiked feed – what's the real question being asked?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Rigby ◽  
A. Dennis Lemly ◽  
Russ Gerads
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
National Water

The US Environmental Protection Agency and several U.S. states and Canadian provinces are currently developing national water quality criteria for selenium that are based in part on toxicity tests performed by feeding freshwater fish a selenomethionine-spiked diet which may lead to a biased assessment of selenium toxicity under field conditions.

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