Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA analysis of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., from south-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn M. Davis ◽  
Patricia I. Dixon ◽  
John H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were introduced to Australia on at least three occasions over the past 100 years. These introductions were to the Prospect Reservoir, Sydney (1907), the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, New South Wales (NSW) (1940s), and to Boolarra, Victoria (1960). Koi, a colourful variety of carp, have been introduced to several areas as well. Carp are now widely spread throughout south-eastern Australia. This study aimed to investigate genetic variation of carp in south-eastern Australia. Carp from several localities were examined at seven polymorphic allozyme loci and with three restriction enzymes detecting polymorphic sites in mitochondrial DNA. Three composite mtDNA haplotypes were found. Haplotype 1 was spread throughout the study area, occurring in 72% of all individuals examined. Haplotype 2 was localized to south-western NSW and occurred in 4% of individuals. Haplotype 3 was found in the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania and accounted for 24% of individuals. Little genetic variation within and among carp populations was observed in the mitochondrial DNA data. The allozyme data showed greater variation within populations than did the mitochondrial DNA data.

Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA separation of Pacific northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel), from southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau)

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Ward ◽  
NG Elliott ◽  
PM Grewe
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Southern Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Northern and southern bluefin tunas are morphologically similar and can be misidentified, posing problems for fishery management and marketing. Allozyme variation and restriction-site variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to distinguish between the two species. A survey of 36 allozyme loci active in white muscle and liver tissue showed that the genetic identity between the species was high (Nei's I = 0.907). One diagnostic locus (sAH*) and two nearly diagnostic loci (ADA* and GDA*) were found, and four loci showed highly significant allele frequency differences (FH*, GPI-A*, PGDH* and sSOD*). A survey of the mtDNA genome, using 15 restriction enzymes and southern blotting, revealed five restriction enzymes that gave species-diagnostic restriction digest profiles (Ban I, Bcl I, Dra I, Pvu II, Xba I) and a further three enzymes (Pst I, Barn HI and Nco I) with large haplotype frequency differences. Mitochondrial DNA analysis provided more reliable discrimination of specimens than did allozyme analysis, although the more rapid allozyme identification will be accurate for most specimens. The two biochemical genetic methods were then used to identify Australian-caught fish of uncertain identity. Six of 12 tuna originally considered to be northern bluefin tuna were confirmed as northern bluefin and six were identified as southern bluefin. The presence of northern bluefin tuna as far south as south-western Tasmania was confirmed.

Muellerina flexialabastra (Loranthaceae): a new species of mistletoe from south-eastern Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O. Downey ◽  
Carol A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
A New Species ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A new species of mistletoe, Muellerina flexialabastra Downey & C.A. Wilson (Loranthaceae), from south-eastern Australia is described. The description of this new species is based on morphological and nuclear DNA sequence differences between it and the other four species of the genus: Muellerina celastroides, M.�eucalyptoides, M.�bidwillii and M.�myrtifolia. Several morphological attributes that separate this new species from its relatives: (i) the shape of the corolla, (ii) the direction flowers open in relation to the floral triad axis, (iii)�the shape of the flower umbel, (iv) leaf size, (v) location of epicortical runners and (vi) the host species. In addition, nuclear DNA analysis revealed 11 unique nucleotide base changes in this new species supporting its species status.

The Litoria-Ewingi Complex (Anura, Hylidae) in South-Eastern Australia .9. Variation in Mitochondrial-Dna Across a Narrow Zone of Hybridization Between Litoria-Ewingi and Litoria-Paraewingi

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Dennington
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Litoria ewingi and L. paraewingi, two species of hylid frog occurring in south-eastern Australia, was investigated by restriction enzyme analysis. Clear diagnostic differences between allopatric populations of these two species were shown in several of the fragment patterns. MtDNA haplotypes of individuals from populations along a transect across the southern hybrid zone between L. ewingi and L. paraewingi were identified. Four individuals from these hybrid populations had inherited a unique haplotype of mtDNA. The width of the hybrid zone based on variation in mtDNA, is at least 5 km. The southern limit of introgression of mtDNA typical of L. paraewingi coincides with the southern limit based on call variation. However, mtDNA typical of L. ewingi was not found as far north as expected by other criteria. The relationship between mtDNA haplotype and structure of advertisement call in individuals from populations in the hybrid zone was analysed. The species-specificity of mtDNA established for allopatric populations held for all but two of the ten recorded putative parental males. Surprisingly, three of the four hybrids based on call structure had inherited mtDNA characteristic of L. ewingi.

Genetic variation and phylogeography of the Australian and New Zealand fern Asplenium flabellifolium (Aspleniaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Ohlsen ◽  
Lara D. Shepherd ◽  
Leon R. Perrie ◽  
Patrick J. Brownsey ◽  
Michael J. Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Asplenium flabellifolium Cav. is a cytologically variable Australian and New Zealand fern. Here, we sequence chloroplast trnL-trnF and rps4-trnS from samples throughout its range to provide the first phylogeographic investigation of a fern common in both countries. Twenty-three haplotypes were detected, which formed six haplogroups in a network. Australian specimens were placed in all haplogroups. The placement of New Zealand haplotypes in five of the haplogroups suggests that this species has dispersed across the Tasman Sea at least five times. Sexually reproducing plants of lower ploidy, detected only in south-eastern Australia, contained haplotypes from the two haplogroups that are successive sisters to the remaining diversity in the phylogeny. This likely suggests that A. flabellifolium was originally a sexually reproducing species in south-eastern Australia and spread to the rest of its distribution where apomictic plants dominate. More than one haplogroup was detected in several areas across its distribution, suggesting that these areas were colonised several times. Other areas harboured several haplotypes from a single haplogroup or haplogroups not recovered elsewhere, indicating possible long-term persistence in these areas. Haplotypes and morphological features were not found to be exclusive to either breeding system or ploidy and no taxonomic revision is proposed.

Genetic Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Populations of Paterson's Curse (Echium plantagineum L.) In South-Eastern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wood ◽  
R Degabriele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Natural populations of Echium plantagineum on an east-west line across south-eastern Australia were sampled on three occasions during the growing season, and seeds collected from individual plants in each population were grown in a common glasshouse. In another experiment seedlings of E. plantagineum were divided and clones from each plant were grown under two soil moisture regimes. Field populations differed significantly in all seven characters measured at all sampling dates but, with one exception, between-population differences were unrelated to five climatic indices. Glasshouse populations differed significantly in 15 of 27 characters; variations in some of these characters were related by regression analysis to one or more of the climatic indices. Clones grown under moisture stress flowered later, had proportionally wider leaves and were smaller than well watered clones. The data suggest that an ecocline has developed, or is developing, in E. plantagineum in south- eastern Australia in response to large-scale and long-term aspects of climate, although extensive genetic variation between individuals in each population was also observed. This species exhibits a great deal of phenotypic plasticity in response to localized environmental factors.

Population structure of the Australian gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus GÜnther) inferred from allozymes, mitochondrial DNA and vertebrae counts

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Gardner ◽  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Allozyme Loci

The gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus) is the main target of southern Australian shark fisheries. Its stock structure was investigated through allozymes (up to 28 loci), mitochondrial DNA (up to 10 restriction enzymes) and vertebrae counts. The average heterozygosity per allozyme locus (0.099) and degree of polymorphism (0.255) was high for sharks. Composite mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity (0.534) and mean nucleotide sequence diversity (0.16%) were also moderately high. Three of the seven polymorphic allozyme loci (CK-A*, LDH-1*, PEP*) and the mtDNA haplotypes showed significant spatial differentiation. Two genetic stocks were identified: one along the southern coast of Australia from Bunbury in Western Australia to Eden in New South Wales and one off northern New South Wales (in the region of Newcastle to Clarence River). There was some evidence for a third stock off Townsville, Queensland. The northern occurrences extend the known geographical range of this species. Vertebrae counts from Eden northwards increased, supporting the conclusion of population heterogeneity off eastern Australia.

Genetic variation within the ticks Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes cornuatus from South-eastern Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janey Jackson ◽  
Neil B. Chilton ◽  
Ian Beveridge ◽  
Michelle Morris ◽  
Ross H. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Ixodes Holocyclus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Genetic variation in growth ofEucalyptus grandisgrown under irrigation in south-eastern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Floyd ◽  
R. J. Arnold ◽  
G. S. Farrell ◽  
R. A. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia
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